Los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv lub rooj, cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntshai los ntawm lub sij hawm nyuaj to taub lus Askiv uas yuav tsum tau crammed, txwv tsis pub koj yuav tsis sib txuas lus thiab to taub cov lus txawm nyob rau hauv tsawg tsawg. Qhov tseeb, cov lus Askiv tawv tsuas muaj peb zaug xwb, ib yam li hauv peb cov lus zoo thiab muaj zog: tam sim no, yav dhau los thiab yav tom ntej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nkag siab: txhua lub sijhawm muaj nws tus yam ntxwv, hauv lwm lo lus, hom. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav xav txog lub sijhawm tam sim no thiab nws daim ntawv Present Perfect Simple.
Present English
Tam sim no hauv lus Askiv muaj 4 daim ntawv:
- Present Perfect.
- Present Simple.
- Present Continuous.
- Present Perfect Continuous.
Kev tawm dag zog feem ntau pab sib sau ua ke tag nrho cov teeb meem ntawm kev siv cov ntawv no. Nws yuav tsum to taub tias cov no tsis yog cov kev cai sib txawv, lawv muaj qee qhov system. Qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kawm yog kom nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm txhua lub sijhawm, thaum twg nws yuav tsum tau muab coj los ua hauv kev sau ntawv, thiab thaum nyob hauv kev sib tham.
Formula of time
Lub npe ntawm daim ntawv ntawm lub cev Present Perfect Simple txhais tias "present perfect tense". zoo tag nrhodaim ntawv yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov inhabitants ntawm England thiab America, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv cov lus hais tom kawg peb yuav hnov nws tsawg zaus. Hom kev tam sim no yog tsim raws li cov qauv hauv qab no: auxiliary verb have / has + main verb in form 3.
Daim ntawv thib peb rau cov lus qhia tsis tu ncua yog tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv qhov xaus -ed, thiab rau cov lus qhia tsis xwm yeem muaj ib daim ntawv uas feem ntau muab rau hauv phau ntawv txhais lus.
Piv txwv:
Kuv twb ntxuav kuv chav lawm. - "Kuv twb ntxuav kuv chav" (huv yog qhov tseeb verb).
Nws twb haus nws tshuaj yej lawm. - "Nws twb haus nws cov tshuaj yej lawm" (cov lus qhia haus tsis yog).
Yog li, peb tuaj yeem hais tias lub sijhawm tam sim no zoo meej yog qhov yooj yim hauv kev kawm, qhov tseem ceeb yog kom paub seb koj puas siv cov lus qhia tseeb lossis tsis yog.
Qhov thib peb ntawm lub rooj hauv phau ntawv txhais lus thiab phau ntawv kawm muaj daim ntawv thib peb ntawm cov lus qhia. Piv txwv li: qhov verb be (paub tias yog, muaj) muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no: be/was (were)/been.
Siv lub sijhawm tam sim no zoo meej
Present Perfect Simple yog siv thaum nws tsim nyog los qhia meej qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim uas twb tau ua lawm. Nrog kev pab ntawm qhov kev nruj no, kev saib xyuas yog tsom rau qhov tshwm sim thiab yog li nws yog qhov tseeb tias qhov kev txiav txim tau ua tiav lawm. Peb kuj siv Present Perfect Simple thaum tham txog ib qho kev txiav txim uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tsis tiav. Nco ntsoov tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nkag siab txog qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog kev sib txuas nrog lub sijhawm tam sim no thiab qhov tseeb tias qhov kev txiav txim tiav. Piv txwv li: "Kuv twb tau noj melon lawm." - Kuv twb tau noj melon lawm. Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws tus kheej, qhov tshwm sim tiag tiag.
Present Simple vs Present Perfect
Ob hom ntawv ib ntus no hais txog lub sijhawm tam sim no, tab sis muaj lub ntsiab lus sib txawv. Present Simple yog siv thaum nws los txog rau cov xwm txheej uas tshwm sim feem ntau thiab niaj hnub. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau nws yog cov lus hauv qab no: ib txwm (ib txwm), feem ntau (feem ntau), tsis tshua muaj (tsis tshua muaj), feem ntau (feem ntau). Present Perfect qhia txog ib qho kev nqis tes ua uas twb tau ua tiav lawm thiab muaj qee yam tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm tus neeg hais lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, ob lub sijhawm no muaj cov qauv kev kawm sib txawv. Yooj yim nruj yog siv nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus nyob ntau dua li qhov zoo meej. Nws muaj ntau lo lus - pointers, uas yog, cov lus uas ncaj qha hais tias koj yuav tsum tau siv lub zoo meej tense.
Qhov txawv ntawm Present Perfect thiab Past Simple
Hauv kev kawm lus Askiv, cov lus nug ib txwm tshwm sim thaum nws tsim nyog siv Present Perfect, thiab thaum yav dhau los Yooj Yim. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom nkag siab txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov: "Yav dhau los yooj yim" yog lub sijhawm dhau los, nws hais txog cov xwm txheej uas twb tau tshwm sim lawm. "Tam sim no zoo meej" - tam sim no tense, nws qhia txog dab tsi tau pib ua ntej thiab tseem tsis tau tiav, los yog tiav, tab sis muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog hnub no. Qee zaum koj tuaj yeem nkag siablub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntawv nyeem nws tus kheej, uas yuav tsum tau siv lub zoo meej. Koj yuav tsum xaiv lub sijhawm nyob ntawm seb koj yuav tsum hais dab tsi rau tus neeg hais lus, raws li qhov xwm txheej.
Sijhawm Txoj Cai
Yog tias qhov xwm txheej lossis lub sijhawm hauv nqe lus nug dhau los thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog tam sim no, ces koj yuav tsum siv "Passe simple". Thaum siv Lub Sijhawm Yooj Yim dhau los, qhov no yuav txhais tau tias tus neeg ntawd tsis tuaj yeem ua ib yam dab tsi ntxiv lawm. Yog tias koj tsis hais ntxiv txog qhov laj thawj ntawm kev xaiv lub sijhawm no hauv kev sib tham, ces tej zaum koj yuav xav tias tus neeg ntawd tsis muaj sia nyob lawm.
Nws ib txwm nyiam saib TV. - "Nws ib txwm nyiam saib TV" (lub ntsiab lus nws tsis saib TV ntxiv vim nws tuag).
Nws ib txwm nyiam saib TV. - "Nws ib txwm nyiam saib TV" (hlub ua ntej thiab tseem hlub).
Etymology ntawm lo lus
Lo lus zoo meej los ntawm lo lus Latin thiab txhais tias "ua tiav", thiab lub ntsiab lus ntawm "perfection", nyob rau hauv kev nkag siab ntawm qhov tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus, tau txais ntau tom qab. Qhov tseeb, lo lus zoo meej tau txais lub ntsiab lus ntawm "zoo meej" los ntawm kev nthuav dav nws lub ntsiab lus qub, vim tias qee yam tsim tau tiav thaum nws tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo. Perfect tenses yog li ntawd lub npe vim hais tias lawv hais txog cov kev ua uas ua tiav cov txheeb ze rau tam sim no, piv txwv li: "Kuv noj mov" yog ib qho kev txiav txim uas tam sim no ua tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua qhov kev siv tam sim no zoo meej yog txuam nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev ua tiav. Los ntawmQhov tseeb, daim ntawv zoo meej muaj nyob hauv ntau hom lus European, suav nrog peb cov lus Lavxias.
Lus Askiv tsis nyuaj. Cov kev cai yooj yim nco ntsoov thiab tsis muaj ntau ntawm lawv.
