Lub Erivan Khanate yog ib qho kev muaj feudal, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1747 tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm Iran, Nadir Shah, nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm cheeb tsam Chukhur-Saad. Nws nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm keeb kwm Eastern Armenia. Lub Khanate tam sim no muab faib nruab nrab ntawm Armenia thiab Qaib Cov Txwv.
Backstory
Erivan Khanate suav nrog lub nroog Erivan. Qhov no yog li cas lub npe ntawm niaj hnub Armenian lub nroog Yerevan suab ua ntej. Nws ntseeg tias lub nroog tau tsim tsa thaum ntxov li 782 BC.
Tam sim no, nws tau dhau los ua qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tsov rog loj heev ntawm Ottoman thiab Safavids. Xyoo 1604, Shah Abbas ntawm Persia tau kov yeej Erivan los ntawm Turks. Nws tshem tag nrho cov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog, tsis saib xyuas lawv txoj kev ntseeg. Cov ntseeg, cov neeg Yudais thiab cov Muslims kuj tau tawm mus. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, feem ntau ntawm cov deportees tseem yog Armenians. Thaum lub sijhawm raug ntiab tawm, lawv tus lej yog ib feem peb ntawm ib lab tus tib neeg.
Rise
Lub peev ntawm Erivan Khanate yog lub nroog-fortress ntawm Erivan, ua nyob rau hauv lub 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th los ntawm lub Ottoman. Tom qabTom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub xeev Safavid, cov Turks rov qab mus rau thaj av. Lavxias teb sab Emperor Peter kuv tau lees paub qhov tiv thaiv ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv hla Khanate raws li kev pom zoo ntawm ob lub teb chaws, xaus rau xyoo 1724.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaj chaw no tseem yog ib qho khoom noj qab heev rau ntau tus neeg nyob ze. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1731, cov tub rog Persian, txib los ntawm Nadir Shah, tau txais cov av no.
Thaum Safavid dynasty thaum kawg tsim nws tus kheej hauv cheeb tsam, lub nroog tau los ua qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm ib cheeb tsam ntawm lub xeev no. Thawj beglerbeg, uas yog, tus tswv xeev, uas sawv cev rau kev txaus siab ntawm shah, yog tus thawj coj Amirgune Khan. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Nadir Shah, txoj hauj lwm tau los ua keeb kwm.
Independence
Thaum Nadir Shah raug tua, muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv Iran. Lub Zend dynasty tau poob qis heev. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Erivan Khanate, raws li cov kws sau keeb kwm niaj hnub sau tseg, zoo li feem ntau lwm cov khanates ntawm Azerbaijan thiab Transcaucasia, tau nkag mus rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev ywj pheej tiag tiag, tsuas yog nyob hauv txoj cai ntawm Zends. Qhov xwm txheej no txuas ntxiv mus li ntawm 50 xyoo.
Cov thawj coj ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd koom nrog pawg Turkic Qajar, uas tau nyob hauv thaj av ntawd thaum xyoo pua 15th.
National Liberation
Tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg Armenians hauv zos uas nyob hauv Erivan Khanate, txij thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, tau pib tawm tsam kom muaj kev ywj pheej hauv tebchaws. Hauv qhov no lawv tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm huab tais Georgian - Vakhtang VI, nrog rau feem coob ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Ganja.
Cov neeg ntxeev siab tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsamCov tub ceev xwm Turkish tau txhawb nqa Karabakh thiab Syunik hauv qhov no. Nyob rau sab ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, lawv tau koom nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab-Iranian tsov rog, uas kav los ntawm 1804 mus rau 1828 nrog ib tug so ntawm 13 xyoo.
Russian-Persian tsov rog
Lub Erivan thiab Nakhichevan khanates nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab-Persian tsov rog. Thaum thawj zaug, cov tub rog Lavxias tau tuaj ncig ntawm Erivan fortress ob zaug.
Hauv xyoo 1804, General Pavel Dmitrievich Tsitsianov tau nyob hauv nws cov phab ntsa, uas twb tau coj Ganja, subjugating lub khanate ntawm tib lub npe. Nyob rau hauv lub fortress ntawm Erivan, nws muaj peev xwm tawm tsam kev sim los ntawm Persians los thaiv lub nroog, tab sis tom qab ntawd, vim tsis muaj zog thiab zaub mov, tus thawj coj yuav tsum tau tsa lub siege.
Hauv xyoo 1808, Field Marshal Ivan Vasilyevich Gudovich tau sim ua dua lub fortress. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tawm tsam tsis ua tiav, thiab nws yuav tsum tau thim cov tub rog mus rau Georgia. Gudovich nws tus kheej poob mob hnyav, poob qhov muag, thiab tawm hauv Caucasus.
Xyoo 1813, ntawm Persia thiab Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, Gulistan Peace Treaty tau kos npe, raws li Khanate tau lees paub tias yog thaj chaw ntawm Persia.
Txoj kev sib cav sib ceg
Xyoo 1826, kev tsov rog Lavxias-Persian thib ob tau pib. Xyoo tom ntej, lub fortress Erivan tau nyob los ntawm Field Marshal Ivan Fedorovich Paskevich. Rau qhov no, nws txawm tau txais lub npe suav ntawm Erivan.
Paskevich thawj zaug muab Yermolov mus txeeb lub Erivan Khanate, tab sis nws tsis twv. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov thawj coj tau nruj. Lub Stavka pom zoo rau txoj kev npaj phiaj xwm phiaj xwm,tsim los ntawm Yermolov. Txawm li cas los xij, tus huab tais sai sai tso Yermolov, ua Paskevich tus thawj coj. Tom qab ntawd, Ivan Fedorovich tam sim ntawd pib kov yeej Erivan.
Nws tau txuas nrog Nicholas Kuv thiab Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm tas li, tab sis nws tseem yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ntau yam ntawm nws tus kheej, txij li kev xa tawm los ntawm St. Petersburg tau tuaj ntau tshaj ib hlis.
Hla lub Araks, Paskevich tuav Nakhichevan. Ntawm Dzhevan-Bulan, nws tau kov yeej cov Persians. Nws tau nce mus rau Erivan, ntes Sardar-Abad fortress raws txoj kev, thiab tom qab ntawd, tom qab tawv tawv tsis kam, tuav lub peev tam sim no ntawm Armenia.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua phem rau ntawm lub fortress, kev tiv thaiv tau coj los ntawm Gassan Khan, uas yog tus kwv tij ntawm tus kav kawg ntawm Erivan Khanate - Hussein Khan Qajar. Nws yog tus saib xyuas lub fortress. Cov Persians tau ntiab tawm feem ntau ntawm Armenians ua ntej, leej twg tuaj yeem pab cov neeg Lavxias.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua phem, lawv sim tua rov qab, tab sis qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov no tsawg. Cov phom loj tau ua kom tsis muaj zog, ntxiv rau, ntau tus neeg Armenians tau raug xa mus rau cov phom loj, uas tseem tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub nroog cov pej xeem. Yog li ntawd, cov cannonballs feem ntau ntaus lub fortress nws tus kheej.
Cov neeg nyob hauv zos tau thov Gassan tso lub nroog, tab sis nws tsis kam. Tib lub sijhawm, nws tsuas tsis muaj lub zog tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv Erivan.
Rau qhov kev ntes ntawm lub fortress, Paskevich tau txais kev txiav txim ntawm St. George ntawm qib thib ob. Nws tswj kom kov yeej ob thaj tsam loj ntawm Transcaucasia hauv peb lub hlis xwb. Lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Erivan ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab rau cov Persians. Lawv pib thim rov qab, thiab raws li cov tub rog Lavxias tuaj txogua tsaug.
Turkmanchay Treaty
Xyoo 1828, tau kos npe rau kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Russia thiab Persia hauv lub nroog Turkmanchay ze Tabriz. Qhov kev pom zoo no tau ua tiav kev Tsov Rog Russo-Persian. Alexander Griboyedov koom nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov nqe lus ntawm qhov kev pom zoo xwb. Los ntawm Lavxias teb sab nws tau kos npe los ntawm Paskevich, los ntawm Persians los ntawm Prince Abbas Mirza.
Raws li cov lus pom zoo, kev nkag mus ntawm Erivan Khanate rau Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tau raug ua tiav. Persia kuj tau cog lus tias yuav tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov chaw ntawm Armenians hauv Russia. Kev them nyiaj ntawm 20 lab nyiaj rub tawm raug yuam rau Iranians.
Nyob hauv tebchaws Russia
Kev nkag mus ntawm Erivan Khanate rau Russia tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Ob Hlis 10, 1828. Ua ke nrog nws, Nakhichevan Khanate, kuj nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Eastern Armenia, kuj tau mus rau hauv lub teb chaws Ottoman.
Tom qab kev koom ua ke ntawm Erivan thiab Nakhichevan khanates, thaj av Armenian tau tsim. Armenians los ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv thiab Iran tau tso cai txav mus rau hauv nws. Cov xwm txheej zoo tau tsim rau qhov no. Qhov tseeb, lawv rov qab mus rau thaj av ntawm lawv cov yawg koob. Qee tus ntawm lawv tau siv qhov kev pom zoo no. Nrog rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm tsarist cov thawj coj, lawv hla mus rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw tsim, pib populate nws.
Tom qab kev koom ua ke ntawm Erivan thiab Nakhichevan khanates rau Russia, qhov xwm txheej ruaj khov tau tsim nyob hauv thaj av tau ntev. Twb tau los ntawm 1838, tawm ntawm 165,000 cov pej xeem hauv zos, kwv yees li ib nrab yog Armenians. Tsiv ntawm noCov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg no tsis yog tsuas yog los ntawm Iran thiab Qaib Cov Txwv, tab sis kuj los ntawm lwm thaj tsam ntawm Caucasus. Txawm li cas los xij, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw tseem yog cov Armenians, uas tau tsiv tawm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv, qhov chaw lawv raug tsim txom nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev.
cheeb tsam Armenian tsis kav ntev. Xyoo 1840, nws tau raug tshem tawm tom qab kev tswj hwm kev hloov kho los ntawm Nicholas I.
