Muaj 26 lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv cov qauv sau ntawv ntawm cov lus Askiv. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim li cas rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb meem hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm nws. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ib tug neeg Lavxias teb sab, uas nws hom lus tsuas muaj 3 lub sij hawm, kom ntes qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv cov pawg no.
Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws rau cov neeg kawm lus Askiv yog Present Perfect - Present Perfect.
This nyuaj English. Present Perfect
Lub sijhawm zoo meej tam sim no qhia txog qhov kev ua uas tau tshwm sim yav dhau los, tab sis nws cov txiaj ntsig cuam tshuam nrog tam sim no:
Kuv ua homework. Kuv tuaj yeem mus taug kev. - Kuv ua kuv cov ntawv ua tom tsev. Kuv tuaj yeem mus taug kev (ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tiav, thiab vim li ntawd, lub sijhawm mus taug kev).
Kuv poob kuv tus yuam sij. Kuv nkag tsis tau kuv lub tsev. - Kuv poob kuv cov yuam sij. Kuv nkag tsis tau hauv tsev.
Tshaj tawm txoj hauv kev tam sim no Perfect
qeb no yog tsim los siv cov lus txhawb nqa muaj / muaj thiab cov lus qhia semantic xaus rau hauv –ed lossis hauv daim ntawv koom II:
Kuv niam nyuam qhuav ua ncuav mog qab zib. - Kuv niam nyuam qhuav ua ncuav qab zib.
Ann twb ntxhua lawm. – Thaum kuv tuaj txog, Anya twb ntxuav tag nrho cov tais diav.
Peb noj hmohnub no. - Peb twb tau noj su hnub no.
Hauv kev hais lus, tsis yog daim ntawv puv, koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntawv luv 've, 's:
Kuv tuaj txog hauv Moscow hnub no. - Hnub no kuv tuaj txog hauv Moscow.
Nws poob nws tus yuam sij. – Nws poob nws cov yawm sij.
Txhawm rau tsim cov ntawv tsis zoo, cov khoom tsis yog txuas nrog cov lus qhia pabcuam:
Nws tsis tau npaj rau kev xeem lus Askiv. - Nws tsis tau kawm ntawv Askiv.
Lawv tseem tsis tau los tsev. – Lawv tseem tsis tau los tsev.
Interrogative present perfect tense
Txhawm rau tsim cov lus nug dav dav hauv qeb tam sim no Perfect tense, auxiliary verbs has/have tau muab tso rau hauv qhov pib ntawm kab lus:
Koj puas tau nyob hauv tebchaws Greece? - Koj puas tau mus rau tim Nkij teb chaws?
Puas yog nws kawm tiav hauv University xyoo no? - Puas yog nws kawm tiav xyoo no?
Cov lus txib hauv qab no yog siv los tsim cov lus nug tshwj xeeb:
1) lo lus nug;
2) muaj / muaj;
3) subject;
4) adverb of time (yog muaj), predicate, etc.
Examples:
Nws nyuam qhuav ua dab tsi? - Nws nyuam qhuav ua dab tsi?
hmo no koj mus qhov twg? – Hmo no koj tawm mus qhov twg?
yog los tsis yog?
Raws li tau hais dhau los, pawg nruj no yog tsim los siv daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus qhia semantic. Hauv lus Askiv, cov lus qhia tsis tu ncua yog qhov txawv, uas tsim qhov yooj yim yav dhau los thiab tam sim no zoo meej.tense los ntawm kev ntxiv qhov xaus -ed, thiab irregular verbs. Tam sim no Perfect yog lub sijhawm uas lawv siv yog tsim nyog.
Tab sis, hmoov tsis, ib feem ntawm kev hais lus no ua rau muaj kev nyuaj heev rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Irregular verbs tsim cov ntawv ib ntus raws li qhov tshwj xeeb algorithm uas defies tej kev cai. Qhov tseeb, lawv tsis tuaj yeem hu ua kev zam, vim muaj ntau tshaj li ib puas ntawm lawv hauv lus Askiv.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov tsis sib xws: go-went-gone (mus). Thawj lo lus yog ib qho infinitive verb, qhov thib ob yog siv los qhia lub sijhawm dhau los (nws tseem hu ua participle 2), thiab qhov thib peb yog siv los qhia txog qhov kev ua hauv lub sijhawm tam sim no. Hom kev qhia no tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev los tsim thawj lossis thib ob daim ntawv koom nrog. Tib txoj kev tawm ntawm qhov teeb meem no yog cramming. Tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi uas yuav txhawj txog, vim tias qhov tseeb tag nrho cov lus qhia no yog "los ntawm pob ntseg", lawv tau nco ntsoov sai thiab ruaj khov rau hauv kev hais lus.
Tus neeg ncaj ncees
Cov lus qhia nrog rau qhov kev sib tw no yog:
Tau – twb:
Kuv twb xeem dhau lawm. – Kuv twb xeem dhau lawm.
Just - just now:
Koj nyuam qhuav yeej qhov khoom plig! - Koj nyuam qhuav yeej qhov khoom plig loj!
Ever - puas tau:
Koj puas tau mus Milan? - Koj puas tau mus rau Milan? (qhov no yog li cas cov lus qhia "be" tam sim no zoo meej yog qhia)
Ua ntej - ua ntej, ua ntej:
Kuv tsis tau ntsib nws ua ntej. - Kuv tsis tau ntsib nws ua ntej.
Tau - rau tam sim nodab tsi, tseem, tseem:
Kuv tseem tsis tau nkees. – Kuv tseem tsis tau nkees.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov piv txwv, nrog rau cov lus qhia tau muab tso rau tom qab cov lus qhia pabcuam. Qhov kev zam yog lo lus "tsis tau".
Tau kawg, cov lus hais nrog yuav tsis raug siv rau txhua qhov xwm txheej tam sim no zoo meej. Tab sis lub xub ntiag ntawm cov lus no ua ib qho kev qhia rau kev lees paub ntawm ib pawg ntawm lub cev tshiab.
Kev siv
Raws li tau hais ua ntej, lub sijhawm tam sim no yog siv los qhia txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua tiav yav dhau los. Tsis tas li ntawd, Lub Sijhawm Zoo Kawg Nkaus yog qhov tsim nyog hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
1. Thaum tham txog kev nqis tes ua yam tsis tau qhia lub sijhawm ua tiav:
Nws tau ua tiav nws txoj haujlwm. – Nws ua tag nrho nws tej hauj lwm.
2. Thaum qhov kev txiav txim tiav lawm, tab sis lub sijhawm uas nws tau ua tseem tsis tau tas.
Sib piv:
Kuv tau noj tshais tag kis no. – Kuv noj tshais tag kis no. (Tam sim no tseem tsis tau tiav).
Kuv tau noj tshais tag kis no. - Kuv tau noj tshais tag kis no (nws yog yav tsaus ntuj, qhov kev txiav txim yav dhau los).
3. Lub sijhawm zoo meej tam sim no tuaj yeem siv los qhia txog kev ua dhau los, piv txwv li:
Kuv tau hnav kuv lub tsho ua ntej kuv tawm mus. - Kuv hnav kuv lub tsho ua ntej tawm hauv tsev.
Present Perfect vs Present Perfect Continuous
Qhia txog kev ua uas tau pib yav dhau los thiab txuas ntxiv mustam sim no, tam sim no zoo meej yog siv. Cov lus qhia:
Kuv nyob 2000.
Nws tau ua haujlwm ntawm no ua tus tuav ntaub ntawv tau 5 xyoos. - Nws tau ua haujlwm ntawm no ua tus tuav ntaub ntawv tau 5 xyoos.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tam sim no zoo meej tense ze echoes lwm tense qeb - Present Perfect Continuous. Nws tseem yog qhov tsim nyog los qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntev los ntawm qee qhov chaw yav dhau los mus rau tam sim no. Ib tug neeg, siv lub sijhawm no hauv kev hais lus, xav qhia cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua, nws lub sijhawm.
Example:
Kuv tau ya hauv dav hlau tau 3 teev. - Kuv tau ya saum lub dav hlau tau 3 teev (tus txheej txheem nws tus kheej tau qhia).
Qhov txawv ntawm qhov yooj yim yav dhau los thiab tam sim no ua tiav yog dab tsi?
Qhov nyuaj tseem ceeb hauv kev paub qhov kev ntxhov siab no yog cov tub ntxhais kawm uas hais lus Lavxias feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem ntes qhov sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los thiab tam sim no zoo meej. Yog li ntawd qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov tenses no tsis dhau los ua ib qho teeb meem tiag tiag thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev paub lus, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los qhia txog cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv siv.
1. Tam sim no Perfect qhia txog qhov tshwm sim, thaum yav dhau los yooj yim qhia qhov ua tiav ntawm qhov ua tiav yav dhau los uas tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam nrog tam sim no.
Sib piv:
Kuv tau mus xyuas ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej ib lub lim tiam dhau los. - Kuv mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej ib lub lim tiam dhau los.
Kuv nyuam qhuav mus saib lub tsev khaws puav pheej no! Lub exhibition yeej tsim nyog pom. - Kuv nyuam qhuav mus xyuas lub tsev cia puav pheej. Lub exhibition yog tiag tiagzoo saib heev.
Yog thawj qhov kev txiav txim tau xaus rau yav dhau los thiab kab lus tsuas yog hais qhov tseeb ntawm kev mus xyuas lub tsev khaws puav pheej, ces nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob kev sib txuas ncaj qha nrog tam sim no tau tshwm sim - muaj qhov tshwm sim, uas yog, tus neeg tau txais kev zoo siab los ntawm kev xav txog cov duab. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv thawj qhov piv txwv, ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm lub sijhawm tau muab - ib lub lim tiam dhau los, uas yog lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los yooj yim.
2. Yog hais tias lo lus nug pib nrog lo lus thaum twg, ces qhov no, es tsis txhob tam sim no zoo meej, yav tas los yooj yim yuav siv.
Sib piv:
Koj puas tau pom tus ntxhais no? - Koj puas tau pom tus ntxhais no (txhua yam)?
Thaum twg koj pom tus ntxhais no? - Thaum twg koj pom tus ntxhais no (lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los tau lees paub)?
Puas Lub Sijhawm Pab Pawg Xav Tau Zoo Tshaj Plaws hauv Kev Sib Tham
Ntau zaus, nco cov rooj loj loj nrog tenses, irregular verbs thiab lwm yam intricacies ntawm lus Askiv, ntau tus tsis to taub lub ntsiab lus ntawm xws li suab nrov tswb thiab xuav, hnov cov lus tsis yooj yim txhua hnub ntawm ib tug neeg txawv teb chaws. Tseeb tiag, cov neeg nyob hauv qee lub tebchaws tau ua kom yooj yim lus Askiv dhau qhov kev lees paub, tsis nco qab ntau daim ntawv ib ntus thiab lwm yam xwm txheej grammatical. Yog li, cov lus nug tshwm sim: puas tsim nyog raug kev txom nyem thiab delving rau hauv tag nrho cov no yog tias nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig?
Tsim nyog nws, vim tias nws yuav tuaj yeem ua ke. Tom qab tag nrho, lus Askiv tsis yog tsuas yog kev sib txuas lus nrog ib tug neeg txawv teb chaws ntawm Skype nyob rau hauv "tawg" hom lus. Nov yog:
- hmoob txawv teb chaws;
- zaj dab neeg ntawm cov neeg sau npe nrov hauv ntiaj teb - Dickens, Thackeray, Hardy;
- txoj hauv kev los ua haujlwm hauv cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws loj, nkag mus hauv tsev kawm qib siab, kev qhia ntawv, thiab lwm yam.
Yog li, kev kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov lus Askiv tsuas yog tsim nyog. Tom qab tag nrho, cov lexical units, zoo li cov hlaws dai, yog strung ntawm cov xov txuas ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv.
Present Perfect yog qhov tshwm sim nyuaj, tab sis nkag siab tau rau cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj kev vam meej. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kom nws nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv lub siab, nws yog tsim nyog los ua ib tug tsim nyog ce los tsim grammatical kev txawj ntse, nyeem ntau classical cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv teb chaws lus li ntau tau - tom qab tag nrho, nyob qhov twg koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug abundance ntawm hom lus? nquag siv cov khoom siv grammatical tshiab hauv kev hais lus, yog tias ua tau.
