Phosphatidylcholines (P.), uas nws cov qauv qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no, yog chav kawm ntawm phospholipids uas suav nrog choline ua pawg thawj coj.
Lawv yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob lom neeg. Nws tuaj yeem yooj yim tau los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv tau yooj yim xws li qe qe los yog taum pauv, uas lawv tau muab rho tawm los yog siv tshuaj hexane. Lawv kuj yog ib feem ntawm pab pawg ntawm lecithins, daj-xim av fatty tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (xws li lecithin) yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm pulmonary surfactant thiab feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv L / S piv los xam cov fetal ntsws kom loj hlob. Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj no muaj nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj hlwb, lawv tsis tuaj ntawm daim nyias nyias ntawm cov kab mob feem ntau, suav nrog Escherichia coli. Daim ntawv purified yog muag.
Etymology
Lub npe "lecithin" yog Ameslikas los ntawm Greek "lecithin" (λεκιθος, lub ntsiab lus qe qe) los ntawm Théodore Nicolas Gobley, ib nrab xyoo pua 19th Fabkis kws tshuaj thiab kws muag tshuaj uas siv rau qe qe phosphatidylcholine. Nws yog nws uas tau txheeb xyuas xyoo 1847.
Gobley thaum kawg tau piav qhia txog lecithin los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg pom hauv xyoo 1874. Hauv qee cov ntsiab lus, cov ntsiab lus phosphatidylcholine / lecithin yog siv sib hloov. Txawm li cas los xij, lecithin extracts muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm F. thiab lwm cov tshuaj. Nws kuj tseem siv nrog rau sodium taurocholate los simulate biorelevant pub thiab yoo mov ib puag ncig hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev sib cais ntawm cov tshuaj lipophilic heev.
Localization
Phosphatidylcholine mis yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov cell membranes thiab pulmonary surfactant thiab feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv exoplasmic los yog txheej plhaub ntawm cell membrane.
F. kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv daim nyias nyias ntawm tes taw qhia thiab PCTP ua kom muaj lwm cov enzymes.
Phospholipid phosphatidylcholine muaj ib pawg ntawm choline thiab glycerophosphoric acid nrog ntau yam fatty acids. Nws feem ntau yog cov roj ntsha saturated (nws tuaj yeem yog palmitic lossis hexadecanoic acid, H3C-(CH2) 14-COOH; margarine, txheeb xyuas los ntawm Gobley hauv qe qe, los yog heptadecanoic H3C-(CH2) 15-COOH, uas kuj yog rau qhov no. chav kawm) los yog unsaturated fatty acid (oleic, los yog 9Z-octadecenoic, raws li nyob rau hauv Gobley tus thawj qe yolk lecithin).
Catalysis
Phospholipase D catalyzes hydrolysis ntawm phosphatidylcholine formula los tsim phosphatidic acid (PA), tso cov soluble choline taub hau pawg rau hauv cytosol.
F. yog ib qho nruab nrab lipid, tab sis nws nqa lub sijhawm hluav taws xob dipole ntawm li 10 D. Lub vibrational dynamics ntawm phosphatidylcholine thiab nws cov dej hydration tsis ntev los no tau xam los ntawm thawj cov hauv paus ntsiab lus.
F. yog ib yam khoom tseem ceeb uas muaj nyob hauv txhua lub cell ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau siv cov oxidative puas tsuaj mutant nas cov qauv ua qauv nrawm nrawm los tshawb xyuas lub luag haujlwm ntawm phosphatidylcholine structural formula supplementation raws li ib txoj hauv kev kom qeeb cov txheej txheem kev laus thiab txhim kho lub hlwb kev ua haujlwm thiab kev nco muaj peev xwm hauv dementia. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 2009 kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm tib neeg kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas pom tias tsis muaj pov thawj txaus los txhawb kev siv cov lecithin lossis F hauv cov neeg mob dementia. Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias qhov txiaj ntsig me me tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab kom txog thaum muaj kev tshawb fawb loj ntxiv.
txiaj ntsig
Kev Tshawb Fawb tau tshawb nrhiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov qauv qauv ntawm phosphatidylcholine rau kev kho lub siab. Cov txiaj ntsig yog nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj thiab tsis muaj pov thawj kho mob qhia tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tau pom cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm F. rau cov nas uas muaj kab mob siab A, B, thiab C. Kev taw qhia ntawm F. nyob rau hauv mob ntev. Kab mob siab tau ua rau txo qis hauv cov kab mob hauv cov nas.
Promotion
Qee lub koom haum tau txhawb nqa kev siv cov tshuaj txhaj F., tseem hu ua txhaj lipolysis, thov tias cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem zom cov rog rog thiab yog li ua lwm txoj hauv kev liposuction. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sim thaum ntxov tsis tau pom tias muaj lipolysis ntau npaum li cas txawm tias nyob deb liposuction. Kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm phosphatidylcholine rau cov neeg mob me me tau tshaj tawm kom txo lossis tshem tawm tag nrho ntau hom lipomas, txawm hais tias qee tus ntawm lawv tau nce loj. Muaj cov kev mob tshwm sim uas ploj mus yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Kev tshawb fawb mus sij hawm ntev yog suav tias tsim nyog los ntsuas kev ua tau zoo. Patrick Tracy tau ntse siv F. thiab deoxcholate hauv kev kho mob ntawm infraorbital fat pads.
phase
Phase IIa / b kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau ua nyob rau hauv Tsev Kho Mob Heidelberg University tau pom tias cov purified qeeb-tso tawm phosphatidylcholine yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov tshuaj hydrophobic. Nws muaj peev xwm kho tau zoo hauv kev kho mob ulcerative colitis.
Hauv tsab ntawv tshaj tawm xyoo 2011, microbial catabolites ntawm phosphatidylcholine tau cuam tshuam nrog kev nce atherosclerosis hauv cov nas los ntawm kev tsim cov choline, trimethylamine oxide, thiab betaine.
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau F. biosynthesis, ib qho ntawm lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb hauveukaryotes. Nws koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv condensation ntawm diacylglycerol (DAG) thiab cytidine-5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline lossis citicoline) kho los ntawm enzyme diacylglycerol choline phosphotransferase. Lwm txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb hauv qee cov ntaub so ntswg (tsuas yog lub siab) yog cov txheej txheem methylation ntawm phosphatidylethanolamine nrog S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), methyl pab pawg neeg pub dawb.
Nyob hauv cages
Phosphatidylcholine yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm peb cov hlwb. Cov tshuaj ntxiv tuaj yeem txhim kho kev puas siab puas ntsws, daim siab thiab plab hnyuv, tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha thiab txhim kho kev nco. F. txhaj tshuaj kuj yog siv los txo cov rog. Kawm paub ntxiv txog nws cov txiaj ntsig, ntau npaum li cas thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim.
Phosphatidylcholine qib yuav txo qis thaum muaj hnub nyoog. Piv txwv li, hauv lub hlwb muaj qhov txo qis ntawm 10% ntawm 40 thiab 100 xyoo.
Vim tias choline yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov phosphatidylcholine, qis choline tuaj yeem txwv nws cov khoom. Nws qhov tsis txaus tuaj yeem txo cov qib phosphatidylcholine hauv daim siab, uas ua rau lub siab tsis ua haujlwm. Phosphatidylcholine tseem yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim cov lipoproteins tsawg heev (VLDL) [R, R].
Qib F qis yog cuam tshuam nrog kev nco tsis nco thiab Alzheimer's kab mob. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb (DB-RCT) ntawm 80 tus neeg laus noj qab haus huv pom tau tias ntxiv nrog lipolytic phosphatidylcholine txhim kho kev nco.
F. nce lub hlwb ntawm choline thiab acetylcholine, txhim kho kev nco, thiab tiv thaiv lub hlwb hauv cov nas uas muaj dementia.
qib qis heev ntawm phosphatidylcholine deoxycholate tuaj yeem ua raudaim siab puas thiab txawm tuag nyob rau hauv nas. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsiaj tau pom tias F tuaj yeem txhawb lub siab rov tsim dua tshiab.
Qib qis ntawm choline thiab phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylserine tuaj yeem ua rau tsis muaj dej cawv fatty siab kab mob (NAFLD) rau tib neeg.
kawm ntxiv
Kev kawm (DB-RCT) siv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov mis nyuj thistle (silybin) thiab F. tau pom tias muaj kev txhim kho tseem ceeb hauv daim siab enzymes, qhov pom ntawm insulin tsis kam thiab nce kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim siab cov ntaub so ntswg hauv 179 cov neeg mob uas tsis yog- Alcoholic fatty organ disease.
Choline supplementation nce phosphatidylcholine / phosphatidylethanol (PE) piv rau hauv lub cev. Qhov no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob thiab ua rau muaj txoj sia nyob tom qab kev phais mob siab.
Kev tshawb fawb (DB-RCT) hauv 176 tus neeg mob pom tias F pab kho tus kab mob siab C ntev (tab sis tsis yog B).
Lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb (DB-RCT) ntawm 15 tus neeg mob tau pom tias kev kho phosphatidylcholine pab kho tus kab mob siab B.
Txawm li cas los xij, F tsis zoo hauv kev kho tus kab mob siab kab mob siab hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm 22 tus neeg mob.
Kev rog rog cuam tshuam nrog kev ua txhaum ntawm triglycerides rau hauv glycerol thiab tsis muaj roj fatty acids. F. nce kev tsim tawm ntawm PPAR gamma receptor, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev zom cov rog.
Daim ntawv thov
Kev txhaj tshuaj thiab kev sib txuas ntawm phosphatidylcholine ncaj qha rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg adipose tuaj yeem ua rau muaj roj tawg thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua lwm txoj hauv kev phais. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem pab nrog lipomas, benign hlav tshwm sim los ntawm kev rog rog.[R, R, R].
Kev tshawb fawb (RCT) ntawm 13 tus poj niam pom tias kev txhaj tshuaj phosphatidylcholine txo lub cev rog thiab tuaj yeem siv los cuam tshuam qhov hnyav.
Phosphatidylcholine kho txo qhov mob thiab cov ntshav dawb teb cuam tshuam nrog kev mob caj dab hauv nas.
Kev noj zaub mov F ib nrab tshem tawm cov tsos mob ntawm rheumatoid mob caj dab hauv cov nas thiab txo qhov mob.
Phosphatidylcholine ua ntej yug menyuam tuaj yeem txhawb nqa lub hlwb ua haujlwm hauv tus menyuam hauv plab thiab txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas hlwb.
Influence
Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb (RCT) ntawm 100 tus poj niam cev xeeb tub, F supplementation tau ua kom lub cev xeeb tub hauv lub hlwb tsim nyog thiab tiv thaiv kev ncua sij hawm ntawm qee qhov chaw ntawm lub hlwb kev loj hlob ntawm fetuses uas yog genetic susceptible to schizophrenia.
Ib qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv ib tug me nyuam tub bipolar pom tau tias ntxiv nrog F txhim kho kev pw tsaug zog thiab pab tswj cov tsos mob ntawm hypomania (ib hom mob me me ntawm mania uas yog lub sij hawm euphoria lossis siab arousal).
Hauv ib txoj kev tshawb fawb, qib siab ntawm phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis hauv cov teeb meem dawb ntawm lub hlwb tau cuam tshuam nrog kev puas siab puas ntsws bipolar. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm 104 tus neeg laus pom tias tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv ntawm F theem ntawm cov neeg muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws bipolar, schizophrenia, lossis cov neeg noj qab haus huv.
Plaub txoj kev tshawb fawb (DB-RCT) ntawm 316 tus neeg mob uas muaj kab mob plab pom tau tias phosphatidylcholine supplementation txo cov kab mob hnyav thiab txhim kho lub neej zoo. Nws kuj txoKev vam khom rau corticosteroids hauv cov neeg mob noj lawv.
Kev Kawm (RCT) ntawm 345 yam kev noj qab haus huv tau pom tias F. tiv thaiv lub plab los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov tshuaj tsis-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs).
Phosphatidylcholine kuj tau txiav txim siab los txo cov tshuaj toxicity ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (NSAIDs) thiab ua kom lawv cov khoom kho mob hauv nas.
Txhaj F. ncaj qha rau hauv cov rog rog tuaj yeem ua rau mob lossis nqaij tuag (necrosis). Kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev siv mus ntev tsis paub meej. Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov neeg uas muaj kab mob plawv thiab lub raum, tsis tswj ntshav qab zib lossis hypothyroidism, kev kis kab mob, cov kab mob autoimmune uas twb muaj lawm, yuav tsum tsis txhob txhaj tshuaj phosphatidylcholine ncaj qha rau hauv kev loj hlob rog.
Side secretions
Byproducts ntawm kev noj haus F suav nrog choline, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) thiab betaine, uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm atherosclerosis (hardening ntawm cov hlab ntsha), kab mob plawv, mob stroke thiab lwm yam kab mob plawv. Yeej, TMAO ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kab mob plawv, tab sis choline thiab betaine tsim TMAO. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib txuas ntawm TMAO thiab CVD yog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb thiab tseem muaj kev sib cav hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb. Phosphatidylcholine supplementation tej zaum yuav ua rau cov ntshav triglyceride nce. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv 26 tus txiv neej noj qab haus huv, F. txo cov qib homocysteine , uas yog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kab mob plawv.
Tsis muaj kev sim tib neeg los lees paub qee qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm F ntxiv.lees paub qhov nws nyiam.
Phosphatidylcholine tuaj yeem siv rau hauv tshuaj ntsiav, ntsiav tshuaj thiab txhaj tshuaj. Ntau qhov ncauj ntawm F tau siv rau hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam xws li 0.5 g txog 4 g ib hnub twg rau 12 lub lis piam. Phosphatidylcholine txhaj rau txo cov rog muaj 40 txog 60cc
Nyob rau lub siab
Ib tus neeg siv tau tshaj tawm tias siv F tau ntau xyoo hloov nws lub siab tag nrho, thiab rov qab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau qhov qub. Lwm tus neeg siv tau tshaj tawm tias yuav luag ob lub hlis, cov rog hauv plab tau txo qis.
Lwm tus neeg siv, hauv nws qhov kev tshuaj xyuas, tau sau tias nws raug coj mus rau lub tsheb thauj neeg mob ob zaug vim siv tshuaj kho mesotherapy.
Qee tus noj phosphatidylcholine los txhim kho kev nco. Thiab txaus siab rau qhov tshwm sim.
