Grey thiab dawb teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb

Cov txheej txheem:

Grey thiab dawb teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb
Grey thiab dawb teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb
Anonim

Tib neeg lub hlwb yog tsim los ntawm cov teeb meem dawb thiab grey. Thawj yog txhua yam uas tau ntim ntawm cov teeb meem grey ntawm lub cortex thiab basal ganglia. Nyob rau saum npoo muaj ib txheej ntawm grey teeb meem nrog paj hlwb, lub thickness uas yog mus txog plaub thiab ib nrab millimeters.

Cia peb kawm ntxiv seb qhov grey thiab dawb teeb meem hauv lub hlwb yog dab tsi.

dawb teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb
dawb teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb

Cov tshuaj no yog ua los ntawm

CNS tshuaj muaj ob hom: dawb thiab grey.

Dawb teeb meem muaj ntau lub paj hlwb thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov paj hlwb, lub plhaub uas yog dawb.

Grey teeb meem yog tsim los ntawm cov paj hlwb nrog cov txheej txheem. Cov paj hlwb txuas ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab cov paj hlwb.

Grey thiab dawb teeb meem ntawm tus txha caj qaum

Cov tshuaj heterogeneous ntawm lub cev no yog grey thiab dawb. Thawj yog tsim los ntawm ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm neurons uas yog concentrated nyob rau hauv nuclei thiab muaj peb hom:

  • cov hlwb radicular;
  • beam neurons;
  • cov hlwb.

Qhov teeb meem dawb ntawm tus txha caj qaum ncigGrey teeb meem. Nws suav nrog cov txheej txheem paj hlwb uas ua rau peb lub tshuab fiber ntau:

  • intercalary thiab afferent neurons txuas sib txawv ntawm tus txha caj qaum;
  • rhiab afferents uas ntev centripetal;
  • motor afferent lossis ntev centrifugal.
dawb teeb meem ntawm tus txha caj qaum
dawb teeb meem ntawm tus txha caj qaum

Medulla oblongata

Los ntawm chav kawm ntawm lub cev, peb paub tias tus txha caj qaum nkag mus rau hauv medulla oblongata. Ib feem ntawm lub hlwb no yog thicker nyob rau sab saum toj tshaj nyob rau hauv qab. Nws qhov ntev nruab nrab yog 25 millimeters, thiab nws cov duab zoo li lub khob hliav qab.

Nws txhim kho gravitational thiab auditory kab mob txuam nrog ua pa thiab ntshav ncig. Yog li ntawd, lub nuclei ntawm grey teeb meem no tswj kev sib npaug, metabolism, ntshav ncig, ua pa, kev sib koom tes ntawm kev txav.

Hindbrain

Lub hlwb no yog tsim los ntawm cov pons thiab lub cerebellum. Xav txog cov teeb meem grey thiab dawb hauv lawv. Tus choj yog ib tug loj dawb ridge nyob tom qab ntawm lub hauv paus. Ntawm ib sab, nws ciam teb nrog ob txhais ceg ntawm lub paj hlwb yog qhia, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nrog oblong. Yog tias koj ua ib qho kev hla, ces cov teeb meem dawb ntawm lub hlwb thiab grey nucleus yuav pom heev ntawm no. Transverse fibers faib cov pons rau hauv ventral thiab dorsal seem. Hauv qhov ventral, qhov teeb meem dawb ntawm txoj hauv kev yog tam sim no, thiab cov teeb meem grey ntawm no tsim nws cov nuclei.

Lub dorsal yog sawv cev los ntawm nuclei: hloov, tsim reticular, lub cev hnov qab thiab cov hlab ntsha hauv lub cev.

Lub cerebellum yog nyob rau hauv lub occipital lobes. Nws suav nrog hemispheres thiab nruab nrabib feem hu ua "worm". Cov teeb meem grey ua rau cerebellar cortex thiab nucleus, uas yog hipped, spherical, corky thiab dentate. Cov teeb meem dawb ntawm lub hlwb hauv qhov no yog nyob hauv qab lub cerebellar cortex. Nws nkag mus rau tag nrho cov convolutions li dawb daim hlau thiab muaj ntau yam fibers uas yog txuas lub lobules thiab convolutions, los yog raug coj mus rau lub puab nuclei, los yog txuas seem ntawm lub hlwb.

dawb teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb
dawb teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb

Midbrain

Nws pib los ntawm nruab nrab lub hlwb zais zis. Ntawm qhov tod tes, nws sib raug rau qhov chaw ntawm lub hlwb ntawm lub caj pas pineal thiab lub siab tshaj plaws medullary velum, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, mus rau thaj tsam ntawm lub cev mastoid thiab sab hauv ntawm lub pons.

Nws suav nrog lub paj hlwb, ntawm ib sab ntawm tus ciam teb yog muab los ntawm lub ru tsev, thiab nyob rau lwm qhov - los ntawm lub npog ntawm ob txhais ceg ntawm lub hlwb. Nyob rau hauv lub ventral cheeb tsam, lub posterior perforated tshuaj thiab lub paj hlwb peduncles yog txawv, thiab nyob rau hauv lub dorsal cheeb tsam, lub ru tsev phaj thiab tes ntawm lub sab thiab sab tubercles yog txawv.

Yog tias peb xav txog cov teeb meem dawb thiab grey ntawm lub hlwb hauv cov hlab ntsha hauv hlwb, peb yuav pom tias cov dawb nyob ib puag ncig cov teeb meem grey hauv nruab nrab, muaj cov hlwb me thiab muaj qhov tuab ntawm 2 txog 5 millimeters. Nws muaj cov hlab ntsha trochlear, trigeminal thiab oculomotor qab haus huv, nrog rau cov khoom siv hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov kawg thiab qhov nruab nrab.

Diencephalon

Nws nyob nruab nrab ntawm corpus callosum thiab fornix, thiab fuses nrog telencephalon ntawm ob sab. Lub dorsal ib feem muaj optic tubercles, nyob rau sab sauv ntawm uas muaj ib tug epithalamus, thiab nyob rau hauv lub ventral.thaj chaw qis tubercular nyob.

Cov teeb meem grey ntawm no muaj cov nuclei uas txuas nrog rau cov chaw ntawm kev nkag siab zoo. Cov teeb meem dawb yog sawv cev los ntawm kev coj mus rau hauv cov lus qhia sib txawv, lav kev sib txuas ntawm kev tsim nrog lub paj hlwb cortex thiab nuclei. Lub diencephalon kuj suav nrog cov qog pituitary thiab pineal.

grey thiab dawb teeb meem
grey thiab dawb teeb meem

Sawv cev los ntawm ob lub hemispheres sib cais los ntawm qhov sib txawv khiav raws lawv. Nws txuas nrog hauv qhov tob los ntawm corpus callosum thiab adhesions.

Cov kab noj hniav yog sawv cev los ntawm lateral ventricles nyob rau hauv ib thiab ob hemisphere. Cov hemispheres no muaj xws li:

  • cloak ntawm neocortex los yog rau-txheej cortex txawv hauv paj hlwb;
  • striatum los ntawm basal ganglia - qub, qub thiab tshiab;
  • partitions.

Tab sis qee zaum muaj lwm qhov kev faib:

  • olfactory hlwb;
  • subcortex;
  • cortical grey teeb meem.

Tshuav qhov teeb meem grey tawm ntawm txoj kev, cia peb tsom mus rau qhov dawb.

dawb thiab grey teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb
dawb thiab grey teeb meem ntawm lub hlwb

Ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov teeb meem dawb ntawm hemispheres

Cov teeb meem dawb ntawm lub hlwb nyob tag nrho qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm grey thiab basal ganglia. Muaj ntau cov paj hlwb ntawm no. Cov teeb meem dawb muaj cov cheeb tsam hauv qab no:

  • khoom nruab nrab ntawm cov tshuaj ntsiav sab hauv, corpus callosum thiab ntev fibers;
  • radiant crown ntawm divergent fibers;
  • semi-oval chaw nyob rau sab nrauv;
  • khoom nyob rau hauv convolutions ntawmcov.

Nerve fibers yog:

  • commissural;
  • associative;
  • projection.

Cov teeb meem dawb suav nrog cov paj hlwb uas txuas nrog kev sib txuas ntawm ib qho thiab lwm qhov ntawm lub paj hlwb cortex thiab lwm yam tsim.

Nerve fibers

tsom rau cov teeb meem dawb
tsom rau cov teeb meem dawb

Commissural fibers feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv corpus callosum. Lawv nyob rau hauv lub hlwb commissures uas txuas lub cortex ntawm txawv hemispheres thiab symmetrical cov ntsiab lus.

Associative fibers pawg thaj chaw ntawm ib hemisphere. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, luv luv txuas cov gyruses uas nyob ib sab, thiab cov ntev - nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm ib leeg.

Txoj kab hluav taws xob txuas lub cortex nrog cov tsim uas nyob hauv qab no, thiab txuas ntxiv nrog rau sab nraud.

Yog tias cov tshuaj ntsiav sab hauv pom los ntawm sab xub ntiag, lub lentiform nucleus thiab cov ceg tom qab yuav pom. Projection fibers muab faib ua:

  • fibers nyob ntawm lub thalamus mus rau lub cortex thiab nyob rau hauv lub opposite direction, lawv excite lub cortex thiab yog centrifugal;
  • fibers qhia rau lub cev muaj zog ntawm cov hlab ntsha;
  • fibers uas ua rau cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub cev;
  • fibers qhia los ntawm cortex mus rau pontine nuclei, muab kev tswj hwm thiab inhibitory cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cerebellum.

Cov qhov projection fibers uas nyob ze tshaj plaws ntawm lub cortex tsim lub ntsej muag ci ntsa iab. Tom qab ntawd lawv qhov tseem ceeb nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj ntsiav, qhov twg cov teeb meem dawb nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov caudate thiab lenticular nuclei, thiab.thalamus.

Muaj tus qauv nyuaj heev ntawm qhov chaw, qhov twg grooves thiab ridges hloov ntawm lawv. Lawv hu ua convolutions. Sib sib zog nqus furrows faib lub hemispheres mus rau hauv loj ntu, uas yog hu ua lobes. Feem ntau, cov kab mob ntawm lub hlwb yog cov neeg sib sib zog nqus, lawv tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm cov neeg sib txawv.

Muaj tsib lub lobes hauv hemispheres:

  • frontal;
  • parietal;
  • temporal;
  • occipital;
  • islet.

Lub hauv paus sulcus pib nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub hemisphere thiab txav mus rau pem hauv ntej mus rau pem hauv ntej lobe. Qhov chaw tom qab lub hauv paus sulcus yog lub parietal lobe, uas xaus rau hauv parietal-occipital sulcus.

Lub lobe pem hauv ntej tau muab faib ua plaub qhov kev sib txuas, ntsug thiab kab rov tav. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, sab nraub qaum yog sawv cev los ntawm peb qhov kev sib txuas, uas tau sib cais los ntawm ib leeg.

Cov kab mob ntawm lub occipital lobe yog qhov sib txawv. Tab sis txhua leej txhua tus, raws li txoj cai, muaj ib tug transverse, uas yog txuas mus rau qhov kawg ntawm lub interparietal sulcus.

Ntawm lub parietal lobe muaj ib zawj khiav mus rau lub hauv paus kab rov tav thiab sib koom ua ke nrog lwm zawj. Nyob ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob, qhov kev qhia no tau muab faib ua peb qhov kev sib txuas.

Cov kob muaj daim duab peb sab. Nws yog them nrog luv luv convolutions.

mob hlwb

yam dawb
yam dawb

Ua tsaug rau qhov ua tiav ntawm kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no, kev kuaj mob hlwb siab tau dhau los ua tau. Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias muaj ib tug pathological tsom xam nyob rau hauv lub dawb teeb meem, nws muaj peev xwm kuaj tau nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov theem thiabmuab tshuaj kho raws sijhawm.

Ntawm cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev swb ntawm cov tshuaj no, muaj nws cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv hemispheres, pathologies ntawm lub capsule, corpus callosum thiab mixed syndromes. Piv txwv li, nrog kev puas tsuaj rau sab nraub qaum, ib nrab ntawm tib neeg lub cev tuaj yeem ua rau tuag tes tuag taw. Qhov teeb meem no tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog kev puas siab puas ntsws lossis pom qhov tsis pom kev. Malfunctions ntawm corpus callosum ua rau muaj kev puas hlwb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib tus neeg tsis paub txog cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig, tshwm sim, thiab lwm yam, lossis tsis ua lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm. Yog tias qhov tsom xam yog ob sab, nqos thiab hais lus tsis zoo yuav tshwm sim.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ob qho tib si grey thiab dawb teeb meem hauv lub hlwb tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees ntau dhau. Yog li ntawd, qhov sai dua qhov pom ntawm pathology, qhov ntau dua qhov kev kho mob yuav ua tiav.

Pom zoo: