Feuilletons yog cov haujlwm uas sib xyaw cov ntawv tseeb, sau ntawv xov xwm thiab lus thuam. Los ntawm cov ntawv me me hauv cov ntawv xov xwm, lawv tau loj hlob mus rau hauv ib hom ntawv cais. Nws tshwm sim li cas? Dab tsi nta characterize feuilletons? Peb yuav tham txog qhov ntawd.
Kev tshwm sim ntawm lub tswvyim
Lub tswvyim ntawm "feuilleton" yog nyob rau Fabkis xyoo 19th thiab xa mus rau kev sau xov xwm. Los ntawm Fabkis, nws yog txhais ua "nplooj", vim hais tias nws yog los ntawm nplooj uas keeb kwm ntawm lo lus no pib. Xyoo 1800, cov ntawv xov xwm hu ua Journal des débats pib ntxiv cov qauv ntawv nrog cov ntawv me me, uas tom qab ntawd hu ua feuilletons.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv yog kev nom kev tswv. Nws qhib thaum pib ntawm Fabkis Revolution thiab luam tawm lub xeev cov lus ceeb toom, kev txiav txim siab, kev txiav txim, nqe lus ntawm deputies thiab lwm yam xov xwm nyob rau hauv no vein. Cov liners ntxiv, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog huv ntawm kev nom kev tswv. Lawv tau sau nyob rau hauv cov style cus ciav thiab muaj suab nrov.
Ntawv xov xwm feuilletons yog ib txoj hauv kev lom zem rau pej xeem, thiab tib lub sij hawm coj lawv txoj kev nyiam rau kev tshaj tawm. Cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov ntxig,riddles, paj huam, phau ntawv thiab ua yeeb yam tshuaj xyuas, charades, puzzles thiab puzzles.
Kev txhim kho ntawm hom ntawv
Txawm hais tias lo lus "feuilleton" tau tshwm sim tom qab Fabkis Revolution, nws ntseeg tias hom ntawv nws tus kheej tau yug los ib puas xyoo dhau los. Nws cov founders yog Denis Diderot thiab Voltaire, cov kws sau ntawv ntawm kev thuam thuam thuam kev ntseeg thiab kev nom kev tswv.
Feuilletons hauv Fabkis cov ntawv xov xwm sai sai hloov mus rau lub suab zoo sib xws. Zoo li charades thiab tshuaj xyuas, lawv tau tsim sai sai rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem thiab sau xov xwm, ze rau ntawm tus ntsuj plig rau Voltaire thiab Diderot.
Ua ntej, cov ntawv nyeem tau pib tshwm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm, piv txwv li, "Peb Musketeers" los ntawm A. Dumas. Los ntawm no originates ib hom ntawv tshiab - tus tshiab-feuilleton. Nws koom nrog cov ntawv tseeb thiab tsom rau cov neeg nyeem ntau, tsis muaj kev zoo nkauj thiab kos duab ntau.
Tib lub sijhawm, cov kws sau paj huam nyob sab Europe thiab cov kws tshaj lij pab txhawb rau kev tsim tsa nom tswv feuilleton. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ci ntsa iab thiab txawm tias kev thuam ntawm kev nom kev tswv thiab teeb meem hauv zej zog. Ib hom ntawv tau ntxiv dag zog los ntawm Victor Rochefort-Lucet, Heinrich Heine, Georg Werth, Ludwig Börne, thiab lwm yam.
Feuilleton - yog dab tsi? Hom nta
Tam sim no nws yog cov haujlwm me me thiab tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm zaj dab neeg luv luv, sau ntawv, nqe lossis zaj dab neeg. Feuilleton yog ib hom ntawv ntawm ciam teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev sau xov xwm. Nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab, nws tau koom ua ke los ntawm kev nthuav qhia thiab cov tswv yim, thaum lub ntsej muag ntawm cov ntsiab lus hais txog kev sau xov xwm.
Txoj haujlwm no yog qhov tshwj xeeb hauv cov duab thiab qhov tseeb, kev thuam, kev thuam. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog cov teeb meem ntawm zej zog thiab kev nom kev tswv. Feuilletons yog tej hauj lwm uas denounce tib neeg vices, xws li pettiness, greed, los yog, piv txwv li, stupidity.
Feuilleton qee zaum cuam tshuam nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab comic. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tau teeb tsa ua rau luag. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los qhia txog qhov tshwm sim tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev thuam, ua kev lom zem rau nws thiab, tej zaum, ua rau cov neeg nyeem xav.
Feuilletons hauv Russia
Lub sijhawm dhau mus, feuilletons tau tshwm sim hauv Russia ib yam - cov no yog cov haujlwm qis. Thaum pib, lawv tau pom nrog qhov tsis zoo, piv nrog cov xovxwm daj thiab cov ntawv tsis tshua muaj nqi pheej yig. Los ntawm 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov cwj pwm ntawm lawv pib hloov. Yog li, cov lus thuam los ntawm Baron Brambeus tau tshwm sim nrog cov lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo thiab tsis zoo.
Alexander Pushkin, Dobrolyubov, Bestuzhev, S altykov-Shchedrin, Panaev, Nekrasov txawv lawv tus kheej nrog cov ntawv ntse. Hom ntawv maj mam tau txais koob meej. Feuilletons tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub magazine "Crocodile", "Iskra", "Tswb". Lawv tau txais lub tswv yim tshwj xeeb thiab ntse thaum lub kiv puag ncig.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, Doroshevich thiab Yablonovsky ua haujlwm nrog hom ntawv no. Boris Yegorov thiab Semyon Narignani txawm tso tawm cov phau ntawv cais. Nyob rau hauv "Tshiab Satyricon" Mayakovsky luam tawm nws feuilletons-hymns ("Hymn to a bribe", "Hymn to a Scientist, etc.).
