Shawarma yog ib lub tais uas nrov heev nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm sab hnub tuaj Mediterranean, xws li Syria, Israel, Egypt, Qaib ntxhw, thiab lwm yam. zaub. Cov txuj lom thiab ntau yam kua ntses yog ib txwm ntxiv. Shawarma noj tsis muaj cutlery.
Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm peb yuav qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm shawarma tais, hais txog cov npe sib txawv, hais txog cov kev cai rau nteg tawm cov khoom xyaw saws nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw.
Npe variations
Cov tais diav zoo sib xws, tab sis muaj npe nrog cov lus sib txawv, tuaj rau peb los ntawm ntau pua xyoo dhau los thiab los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws: shawarma - los ntawm Arab ntiaj teb, dener kebab - los ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv, gyros - los ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws.
Cov neeg nyob hauv Moscow hais tias "shawarma", Petersburgers - "shawarma", hauv nroog Tver koj yuav tau muab "shawarma". Nyob rau hauv lub Urals, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub Perm Territory, muaj ob qho tag nrho cov feem ntau ib txwm npe rau Lavxias teb sab-hais lus pej xeem. Thiab nyob rau hauv Azerbaijan, sib tov ntawm nqaij thiab zaubpab qhwv hauv pita qhob cij nrog dawb qab zib thiab qaub sauce. Cov neeg hauv zos hu cov tais no shawarma, thiab rau cov tsoos version ntawm xws li appetizer lawv siv lub npe "dener kebab". Armenians muaj lub npe txawv - lawv hais tias "karsi-khorovats" lossis "shavurma". Lwm qhov kev xaiv (tsuas yog rau cov qhua) yog "karski shish kebab".
Hauv cov neeg Ixayees lawv npaj "shawarma" (nrog rau lub suab ntawm lub suab thib ob) lossis "shwarma". Niaj hnub nimno Arabs hu lub tais no "shuarma", yam tsis tau hais txog lub suab nrov. Cov neeg Belgians hu shawarma "pita-durum" lossis "durum" nrog lub suab ntawm thawj lub suab. Lo lus yog txhais los ntawm Turkish txhais tau tias "pob". Txawm li cas los xij, tib cov neeg Belgians tuaj yeem hu cov zaub mov "pita" yog tias lub khob cij no siv los ntawm pita qhob cij. Cov lus Askiv hais tias "kebab", Germans - "dener-kebab", thiab Bulgarians - "duner". Hauv Romania, lub npe "shaorma" lossis "shoorma" tau txais, thiab hauv Paris - "Greek sandwich". Hauv Czech koom pheej, lo lus Greek "gyros" yog siv los xa mus rau shawarma.
Linguists ua tim khawv hais tias xws li ib tug nplua nuj synonym muaj peev xwm hais txog ib tug nplua nuj keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm shawarma: tom qab tag nrho, lo lus nws tus kheej kom meej meej muaj Semitic cov hauv paus hniav, "kebab" yog Turkish, tab sis "gyros" yog Greek keeb kwm..
Los ntawm txoj kev, niaj hnub phau ntawv txhais lus ntawm Lavxias rau feem ntau (tshwj tsis yog Cov Lus Txhais Lus Piav Qhia ntawm TF Efremova) tsis muaj lo lus "shawarma", txawm hais tias nws nquag nquag.siv nyob rau hauv Russia nrog rau lo lus "shawarma". Raws li cov lus xaus, lo lus no tau pib hauv paus, txij li nws tsis cuam tshuam cov qauv ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus, thiab dhau li ntawd, nws yooj yim dua los hais - uas yog, nws haum zoo dua ntawm tus nplaig. Nws yog qhov ua tau heev uas, zoo li feem ntau nrog cov lus hais, nws yuav nws qhov chaw nyob hauv phau ntawv txhais lus.
History of the phaj
Shawarma tau tshwm sim hauv Damascus ib puas xyoo dhau los, lossis yog li nws ntseeg. Thaum pib, nws tsuas yog cov nqaij, uas tau qhwv hauv lub ncuav mog qab zib. Tom qab ntawd lawv twv kom marinate nqaij slices, ces kib lawv, sib tov nrog zaub xam lav thiab flavoring nrog sauce.
Hauv Tebchaws Europe, keeb kwm ntawm shawarma yog txuam nrog cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm Turkey. Thawj tus ua shawarma yog Kadyr Nurman. Nws yog German kws ua zaub mov tshwj xeeb ntawm Turkish keeb kwm. Nws tau qhib rau xyoo 1972 hauv Berlin ze ntawm Zoologischer Garten railway chaw nres tsheb ib lub kiosk rau kev tsim cov tais no, uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg uas xav noj sai sai ntawm kev mus. Cov no ib txwm nyob hauv nroog loj. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm tsiv teb tsaws chaw. Kadyr Nurman's "invention" yog zoo ib yam li Turkish dener kebab, ua los ntawm puffed nqaij kib ntawm ib tug ntsug ntswj thiab ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug qhaub cij. Qhov no shawarma, ntxiv rau cov nqaij, kuj suav nrog cov khoom xyaw zaub nyoos. Tsis ntev los no cov tais diav tau nrov heev, thiab kebab cafes, raws li lawv tau hu ua Ameslikas, kis thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes thiab tom qab ntawd thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe. Tam sim no German ua shawarma tau txais kev pab hauv Berlin ob qho tib si hauv cafes me thiab hauvchic restaurants - nws nrov heev.
keeb kwm ntawm shawarma hauv Russia
Thawj zaug nws tshwm sim, tau kawg, nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm peb lub tebchaws. Thiab nws tseem suav hais tias cov tais no yog qhov qab tshaj plaws hauv Caucasus.
Daim ntawv qhia ntawm Moscow shawarma thiab St. Petersburg shawarma, zoo li, qhov tseeb, ntau lwm tus neeg thoob ntiaj teb, tuaj yeem suav hais tias muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub ntsiab lus "qab zib Arabic tais". Ntau pua xyoo dhau los, nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los qhia nrog kev paub tseeb txog keeb kwm ntawm shawarma thiab cov cai rau kev tso tawm cov khoom xyaw. Txawm li cas los xij, txawv versions tseem muaj.
Muaj txawm tias muaj lus dab neeg raws li keeb kwm ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm shawarma hauv Russia yog txuam nrog lub nroog ntawm Neva. Tom qab tag nrho, thawj heev shawarma, hais lus nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, tau siav nyob rau hauv 1990. Lawv sib cav txog ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb: raws li ib qho version, qhov no yog Courage Square, raws li lwm tus - Uprising. Lub gastronomic novelty tau raug xaiv los ua shawarma, uas tau nyeem thiab hais los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv St. Petersburg li "shawarma", thiab Muscovites pom cov lus no los ntawm pob ntseg li "shawarma", uas yog vim li cas lexical inconsistency tshwm sim.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj lwm yam hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm "Arab qhua" - liam tias shawarma nyob rau ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov ntawm Lebanese cuisine lub tsev noj mov "Bako-Lebanon" rov qab rau xyoo 1989.
Oriental shawarma khoom xyaw
Shwarma yog cov khoom noj ceev ceev hauv Ixayees thiab Palestine. Nws yog npaj los ntawm qaib ntxhw nqaij los yog menyuam yaj nrog obligatory soaking nrog ib tug sib tov ntawm Arabic txuj lom. Feem ntau cov txheej txheem ua noj yog raws li nram no: cov nqaij yog txiav mus rau hauv me me nyias slices li daim hlau, ceslawv raug nias ua ke thiab roasted rau ib tug nti. Thaum lub sijhawm ua noj ua haus, cov nqaij raug txiav tawm ntawm cov npoo thiab qhwv hauv pita nrog rau cov khoom xyaw ntxiv. Qee lub sij hawm tsuas yog nqaij ua ib qho filling, thiab zaub yog muab ua zaub xam lav, cais.
Tahini tau lees paub tias yog cov ntses nrov tshaj plaws hauv Middle East, thiab tabbouleh tau lees paub tias yog cov zaub xam lav tshaj plaws.
Cov kab lis kev cai Oriental tau khaws cia hauv khw noj mov qhib hauv ntau lub nroog, suav nrog Lavxias. Nws tsuas yog siv cov nqaij uas tau tsau rau hauv marinade tsawg kawg ib hnub. Marinade filling feem ntau muaj (thiab muaj) vinegar, kefir, kua txiv qaub thiab ib txheej ntawm txuj lom. Nws yog lub tsev noj mov shawarma uas feem ntau flavored nrog qej sauce es tsis txhob ntawm ketchup los yog mayonnaise diluted nyob rau hauv ceev, raws li yog feem ntau ua nyob rau hauv txoj kev khw.
In Russia
Raws li keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm shawarma, Moscow shawarma txawv ntawm St. Petersburg shawarma tsis tsuas yog loj, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov khoom xyaw. Cov nqaij yog pre-kib rau ntawm ib nti, ces nws yog crushed thiab simmered on ib daim ntawv ci. Tej daim ntawm kib nqaij qaib (nqaij npuas) yog tov nrog slices ntawm tshiab cucumbers, txiv lws suav los yog, nyob ntawm seb lub caij, shredded cabbage. Cov yav tas tuaj yeem qee zaum sib xyaw nrog Korean-style carrots (Moscow version). Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, cabbage yog hloov nrog lettuce, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, slices ntawm tshiab cucumbers yog tej zaum tov nrog pickled sawv daws yuav. Tom qab ntawd ntxiv ib me me ntawm ntses - mayonnaise los yog ketchup. Qhov sib tov no yog qhwv hauv pita qhob cij.
Lub St. Petersburg version muaj nqaij qaib, nqaij npuas nyob rau hauv nws koj yuav tsisnrhiav. Ntxiv mus, cov nqaij, txiav rau hauv cubes, yog kib nyob rau hauv kab rov tav grill. Lwm cov khoom xyaw yog rov ua dua - cucumbers, txiv lws suav, finely tws cabbage. Nyob rau hauv lub nroog no, cov ntses feem ntau yog ua los ntawm qaub cream tov nrog qej thiab txuj lom (tab sis muaj lwm yam kev xaiv). Cov sib tov npaj yog qhwv tsis nyob rau hauv pita qhob cij, tab sis nyob rau hauv pita. Ua ntej pab, lub ncuav mog qab zib nrog lub filling yog rhuab rau ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb hu rau grill. Tab sis tsis tas li.
Feem ntau hais lus, nws yog kev cai noj shawarma nrog koj txhais tes, tab sis qhov no tsis yooj yim. Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub no qee zaum kev sib xyaw ntawm nqaij qaib thiab zaub hauv cov kua ntses yog muab rau cov neeg siv khoom ntawm lub phaj (cov khoom xyaw tuaj yeem muab tso rau nyias), thiab cov nqaij npuas kib yog muab ntxiv. Qee lub sij hawm cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom noj ceev no ncav cuag qhov kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib daim ntawm txiv qaub rau ntawm lub phaj nrog lub tais tiav. Cov qos yaj ywm kib tseem tuaj yeem ntxiv rau hauv cov txheej txheem canonical, uas, ntawm chav kawm, yuav cuam tshuam rau satiety thiab ntim, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem hu ua ib txwm shawarma tais.
Sauce
Cov kua ntses uas siv los ua cov zaub mov no yog kefir, qej dawb, txiv lws suav liab.
Nov yog lub ncauj lus cais, tseem ceeb heev, yam tsawg kawg rau lub tais no. Piv txwv li, zaub mov txawv rau cov ntses dawb siv hauv cov chaw ua noj hauv St. Petersburg yuav luag tshwj xeeb rau txhua tus ua noj.
Ntawm no yog ib qho ntawm cov zaub mov txawv: 4 tablespoons kefir thiab qaub cream yog tov nrog 4 tablespoons ntawm grated qej, ces ntxiv spices thiab tshuaj ntsuab (dub thiab liab av kua txob, coriander, qhuav parsley thiab dill). Cov ntses yog tov nrog lub filling thiabinfused hauv ib teev. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias qhov txawv feature ntawm St. Petersburg ntses yog tsis muaj mayonnaise.
Nqe
Nqaij rau shawarma hnub no yog npaj raws li hauv qab no: tej daim los yog pressed nqaij daim hlau yog mounted rau ib tug loj rotating ntsug skewer, nrog rau cov cua kub ntsiab nyob rau hauv. Raws li kev sib tw, cov npoo sab nrauv raug txiav tawm nrog rab riam ntev rau hauv lub lauj kaub, uas lawv ntxiv crushed.
hom nqaij siv hauv kev npaj shawarma tuaj yeem sib txawv - nqaij qaib, qaib ntxhw, nqaij nyuj, yaj thiab txawm tias nqaij ntxhuav. Qee zaus, ntses kuj tau npaj rau qhov txhaws. Nqaij npuas kuj siv, tab sis nws yog tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws uas tsis yog-Muslim.
Muaj tseeb, rau thawj zaug shawarma, tsuas yog yaj thiab nqaij nyug tau noj, nqaij qaib pib siv tsis ntev los no, yuav luag thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Feem ntau, qhov no tshwm sim ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm Turks, uas xyaum ua shawarma hauv European lub zos - tom qab tag nrho, nqaij qaib nqaij yog pheej yig dua.
Los ntawm txoj kev, kev nrhiav cov nqaij uas pheej yig tshaj plaws tau ua rau cov zaub mov no tsis zoo - niaj hnub no shawarma, zoo li lwm yam khoom noj ceev, tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb yog cov khoom noj phem tshaj plaws rau tib neeg lub cev. Thiab tag nrho vim hais tias lub thiaj li hu ua Bush ob txhais ceg yog feem ntau muas rau txoj kev shawarma. Cov nqaij qaib no tsis yog pheej yig tshaj xwb, tab sis kuj yog fattest.
Meanwhile, shawarma, siav raws li tag nrho cov cai ntawm kev ua noj ua haus thiab los ntawm cov khoom zoo, tsis ua mob rau lub cevdais.
zaub rau shawarma
Cov zaub ntau tshaj plaws rau cov zaub mov no yog txiv lws suav, dib, zaub qhwv. Tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua cheeb tsam, txij li thaum kis tau thiab muaj koob meej ntawm shawarma, nws tus kheej innovation tau tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv lavash, nrog rau cov nqaij, tsis tsuas yog slices ntawm tshiab cucumbers thiab txiv lws suav yuav qhwv, tab sis kuj tws lettuce, pickled zaub, nceb, thiab Korean-style carrots.
Scones
Rau qhwv nqaij thiab zaub rau shawarma, lavash lossis pita yog ib txwm siv. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau yav qab teb cov teb chaws Europe, focaccia (lossis focaccia) kuj ua tiav nrog cov haujlwm no. Qhov no yog nyias, tsis muaj poov xab tortilla siv los ntawm Italians los ua pizza. Los ntawm txoj kev, nws tseem ci nrog cov poov xab - ces nws hloov tawm zoo kawg li - txawm li cas los xij, xws li focaccia tsis yog rau shawarma.
Koj puas paub…
Hauv Lebanon thiab lwm lub tebchaws ntawm Middle East, nws tsis yog kev cai ua noj shawarma hauv txoj kev tsev pheeb suab ntaub. Ib tug neeg, ntawm chav kawm, tuaj yeem yuav nws, nqa nrog nws thiab noj thaum zaum hauv lub tsheb, tab sis kev npaj cov tais diav nws tus kheej yuav tsum ua raws li kev cai huv thiab huv uas tsis yooj yim sua hauv cov khw muag khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khw muag khoom noj ceev no feem ntau yog ntsia rau hauv cov chaw muaj neeg coob coob - ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb, khw lossis ze cov chaw ntau pob thiab cov chaw ua si.
Nws coj xya tus nyuj los npaj shawarma loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb (1198 kg). Nws tau npaj hauv Ankara thiab tom qab ntawd nkag mus rau hauv Guinness Phau Ntawv Cov Ntaub Ntawv.
Nyob rau xyoo 2015, cov duab ntawm cov ntxhais noj shawarma tau txais txiaj ntsig loj heev hauv kev sib raug zoo. Lawv muab tso rau hauvpab pawg nyob rau hauv lub npe dav dav "Cov ntxhais zoo nkauj thiab shawarma". Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob tuaj raws li qhov xav tsis thoob, tau kawg, tom qab cov qhab hu ua Handsome Guys thiab Shawarma tau tshwm sim.
Aphorisms txog shawarma
Raws li ib txwm, cov neeg nyiam tshaj plaws ib txwm ua rau muaj kev tso dag thiab hais lus zoo ntawm cov neeg. Cov dab neeg hais txog shawarma pib tshwm sim thaum ntau lub tsev pheeb suab tau teeb tsa hauv Russia los tsim thiab muag cov tais no. Shawarma, ua nyob rau hauv ceev ceev nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tsis huv tej yam kev mob reigned, aroused raug kev xav tsis thoob raws li ib yam khoom muaj rau cov neeg. Tseem muaj cov lus xaiv tias shawarma yog tsim los ntawm cov nqaij ntawm cov dev thiab miv. Lawv tseem tshwm sim ib ntus. Thiab ntawm no yog qee yam ntawm cov pej xeem aphorisms:
Yog koj saib shawarma ntev, lub shawarma pib nrog koj.
Shawarma disguised li zaub mov nkag rau hauv tus neeg raug tsim txom…
Shawarma tsis yog ib yam uas tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob tuag tshaib, tab sis ib yam uas tso cai rau koj kom tsis txhob tuag tshaib.
Peb tau tham txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab tshwm sim ntawm shawarma, peb vam tias koj pom cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig.
