Cov koom haum uas tau teeb tsa txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tso cov neeg tawm tsam los ntawm kev siv los ntawm cov kab mob cab tau ib txwm hu ua kev ywj pheej txij li thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th. Ntxiv mus, lub hauv paus ideological ntawm cov koom haum no yog Marxism ntawm feem ntau cov kiv puag ncig. Kev txiav txim siab ntawm "RSDLP" suav nrog cov qauv Socialist-Democratic, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm nws txoj kev loj hlob thaum ntxov, lub platform ntawm tog muaj ntau haiv neeg ntau dua li kev cai Marxism. Nws tso cai maneuvering nyob rau hauv ntau yam, los ntawm kev cai lij choj thiab raug cai cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tawm tsam mus rau kev ua phem. Qhov no yog qhov tsis zoo thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tog ntawm Lavxias Social Democrats.
Creation of RSDLP
Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1895, "Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class" tau tsim, uas yog lub koom haum ntawm Marxist lub voj voog txhawm rau koom tes nrog lawv txoj haujlwm. Tsuas yog peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub koom haum no, nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib qho kev pab cuam ib tog thiab tshaj tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib tog neeg. Cov tsim ntawm RSDLP yog cuaj tus neeg sawv cev ntawm "Union of Struggle" los ntawm St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kyiv thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Bund (cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg Yudais lub koomhaum). tshwm simqhov xwm txheej no thaum pib lub Peb Hlis 1898 hauv nroog Minsk.
Tom qab ntawd lub npe tshwm. Deciphering "RSDLP", tsib tsab ntawv, unequivocally hais txog lub revolutionary essence ntawm lub koom haum, social kev ywj pheej nyob rau hauv lub slang ntawm lub ces politicians yog synonymous nrog radical Marxism.
"Iskra" thiab thawj qhov tawg ntawm kev sib cais
Lwm ob xyoos dhau los, thiab tog tau hloov ntawm cov lus tshaj tawm mus rau kev ua. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1900, thawj tsab ntawv xov xwm Iskra tau luam tawm, kho los ntawm Lenin (Ulyanov V. I.), pab los ntawm Plekhanov, Martov, Zasulich, Axelrod thiab Potresov. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm kev ua hauj lwm ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv no, loj contradictions tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub mus kom ze rau cov txheej txheem ntawm lub tom ntej no chav kawm ntawv tawm tsam. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb yog nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog kev tawm tsam kev cai lij choj thiab kev sib haum xeeb uas yuav tsum tau ua hauv nws cov txheej txheem, nrog rau kev qhuab qhia. Cov comrades sib cav, qee zaum mus rau qhov tsis hnov tsw, nws tsis tuaj yeem tuaj rau ib qho kev sib cais, kev sib cais yog brewing, thiab Vladimir Ulyanov, ces tseem yog ib tug txiv neej hluas (peb caug xyoo) nrog ib tug nyias hwj txwv thiab hlawv. qhov muag, yog tus pib ntawm nws. Nws hais kom ceev nrooj tshem tawm ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm "lub ntiaj teb qub", thiab qub Plekhanov, yawg suab ntawm Lavxias teb sab Marxism, tawm tsam rau nws ntse.
Kev sib cais thiab kev tshwm sim ntawm Bolshevism
Lub koom haum Lavxias Social Democratic Labor Party muaj nyob rau xya xyoo, coj los ntawm nws tus kheej ib hom ntawm ob-pronged pib, Plekhanov-Leninist. Tab sis tsis muaj dab tsi nyob mus ib txhis. Kev sib tham thiab kev sib tham tsuas yog nkag siab qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, ua rau lawv tsis sib haum xeeb, thiab ntawm Lub Rooj Sib Tham Thib Ob, cov lus nug tau raug teeb tsa: leej twg yuav ua rau lub kiv puag ncig,cov neeg sawv cev ntawm bourgeoisie los yog proletariat? Leej twg yuav dhau los ua pawg neeg hegemonic tom qab nws?
Lenin thiab nws cov neeg txhawb nqa tau pov npav rau kev tswj hwm ntawm pawg neeg ua haujlwm, thiab yeej nrog feem coob. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub koom haum tau muab faib, kev sib cais tshwm sim, kev txiav txim siab ntawm RSDLP tseem zoo li qub, tab sis nyob ntawm kev koom nrog ib ntawm ob pawg, cov ntawv luv tau ntxiv nrog tsab ntawv "b" lossis "m" hauv kab lus.. Cov neeg uas tau pov npav rau proletarian hegemony ntawm Lub Rooj Sib Tham Thib Ob tau los ua Bolsheviks, thaum Plekhanov cov neeg txhawb nqa, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tau los ua Mensheviks.
Txoj haujlwm yam tsawg kawg nkaus thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws yog ob feem ntawm Lavxias Marxism
Cov teeb meem hauv lub koom haum no tsis tiv thaiv kev txais yuav ib qho kev pab cuam uas muaj ob feem (yam tsawg kawg thiab siab kawg). Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws uas Lavxias teb sab kev ywj pheej pom zoo yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm monarchist-tus tswv av txoj kev ntawm lub neej, lub bourgeois kiv puag ncig, faib av rau cov neeg ua liaj ua teb (dawb) thiab muab ib tug yim-teev hnub ua hauj lwm rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm.. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, ntau yam kev hloov loj loomed, thaum lub sij hawm lub proletarian yuav tsum tau los ua ib tug dictator. Qhov no yog qhov siab tshaj plaws uas Bolsheviks suav rau. Kev vam meej ntxiv hauv kev xav tsis yog ib feem ntawm lawv cov phiaj xwm.
Seventh Congress - Rubicon
Lub rooj sib tham thib peb, plaub thiab thib tsib ntawm RSDLP tau ua tiav qhov kev sib cais ntawm Bolsheviks thiab Mensheviks. Cov Bolsheviks tau tshem tawm Mensheviks los ntawm pawg thawj coj los ntawm 1907. Lub sijhawm no, lawv tau tsim kev qhuab ntuas, sib koom ua ke thiab muaj zog heev,muaj, ntawm lwm yam, ib tug tub rog tis, muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm hauv av thiab muaj cov cuab yeej tshaj tawm. Cov Mensheviks tsis tuaj yeem khav ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis, uas tom qab ntawd lawv them tus nqi.
Kev ywj pheej thiab kev tsov rog
RSDLP tog tau ntsib lwm qhov teeb meem sab hauv thaum pib Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb. Lub sijhawm no, cov xwm txheej "pem hauv ntej" yog qhov nyuaj dua, nws tau faib cov Bolsheviks ua peb pawg tseem ceeb: cov neeg thoob ntiaj teb, pacifists thiab patriots. Txhawm rau tawm tsam kev swb ntawm koj lub tebchaws, thiab qhov tseeb, los ua nws tus neeg ntxeev siab, koj yuav tsum muaj tus kheej tshwj xeeb, tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem ua tau. Ntawm no Plekhanov ua tsis tau tejyam hla txoj kab. Lenin ua nws.
Lub Social Democratic Labor Party thaum lub sijhawm ntawd tuaj yeem hu ua Lavxias tsuas yog nyob rau thaj chaw. Cov Bolshevik agitators tau siv zog los txhawb cov tub rog tias lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob sib ntaus sib tua rau lawv lub tebchaws, tab sis yuav tsum sib koom nrog cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm kev tua lawv cov thawj coj. Tsuas yog lub siab mos siab muag pom los ntawm "ntshav tsarist tsoom fwv" nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov neeg raug ntes yog xav tsis thoob. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, Lenin thiab nws cov neeg koom tes tsis txaus siab rau txoj hmoo ntawm lub teb chaws, lawv raved txog lub ntiaj teb no kiv puag ncig, uas zoo nkaus li nyob ze, tab sis qhov tseeb nws yeej tsis tuaj.
Vim li cas RCP(B) dhau los ua CPSU(b)
Tom qab tuav lub hwj chim hauv xyoo 1917, Bolsheviks tau muaj kev tsis pom zoo nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev ywj pheej, uas nws cov neeg sawv cev hauv ntau lub teb chaws tau ua raws li cov kev xav tsis tshua muaj zog, qhia tias "kev tshee hnyo". Cov hauj lwm ntawm German, Fabkis thiabLwm cov European Social Democrats tau qhia lawv lub siab xav siv cov txheej txheem kev cai lij choj, nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, ua ke nrog kev ua haujlwm hauv av, thiab ua tiav kev yeej los ntawm kev txhawb nqa lawv cov neeg sawv cev rau tsoomfwv los ntawm kev xaiv tsa. Txoj kev no tsis haum rau cov Leninists, lawv nkag siab tias yog cov neeg tau txais lub sijhawm los qhia lawv lub siab nyiam, lawv yuav tsis tuaj yeem muaj hwj chim, vim li ntawd lawv tau ua kev tawm tsam, rhuav tshem tsoomfwv ib ntus (qhov tseeb ntawm nws txoj kev tawg yog absurd, vim nws tau tsim ib ntus ua ntej kev xaiv tsa)
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm RSDLP tau tso tseg tsis qhia lub ntsiab lus ntawm tog, thiab txhawm rau kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov koom haum pej xeem, xyoo 1918 nws tau hloov npe rau hauv VKP (All-Union Communist Party) nrog tsab ntawv tseem ceeb. (b) Thaum kawg, kom kev xyiv fab yuav tsis tsim txom leej twg. Thawj tsab ntawv ntawm cov ntawv luv mus txog rau xyoo 1925 txhais tau tias "tag nrho-Lavxias teb sab", thiab tom qab tsim lub USSR, tog tau los ua tag nrho-Union. Nws tseem nyob li ntawd kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1952, uas tau qhia txog qhov pib ntawm kev paub txog Stalinist socialism. Xyoo no, lwm lub rooj sib tham 19 tau tuav, uas CPSU (b) tau hloov npe rau CPSU, twb tsis muaj cov ntawv me me hauv cov kab ke. Nws yog lub xeem lub npe ntawm Lenin tog.
