Science 2024, Kaum ib hlis

Kev ua pab pawg thiab kev sib koom ua ke hauv kev txheeb cais yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kawm txog qee qhov tshwm sim uas tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Kev sib koom ua ke pab txheeb xyuas cov ntsuas uas muaj rau txhua lub ntsiab lus, nrog rau kev txiav txim siab cov qauv ntawm cov pejxeem, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov kev sib raug zoo uas muaj nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm pawg

Ntau yam tsis siv neeg cov cuab yeej siv nyob hauv qhov chaw muaj zog hauv tib neeg lub neej uas yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem xav txog kev vam meej niaj hnub tsis muaj lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg hlau yog ntev heev, tib neeg tau kawm yuav ua li cas los tsim ntau lub tshuab rau yuav luag tag nrho lawv cov keeb kwm

Propylene oxide: cov ntaub ntawv dav dav, cov qauv qhia pom, cov khoom siv tshuaj thiab lub cev, cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob nyob. Txoj kev tau txais thiab lawv cov lus piav qhia luv luv. Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv ntau yam lag luam. Lavxias teb sab producers ntawm propylene oxide

Optics yog ib qho ntawm cov ceg qub tshaj plaws ntawm physics. Txij li thaum ancient tim Nkij teb chaws, ntau philosophers tau xav nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm kev txav thiab propagation ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv ntau yam pob tshab ntaub ntawv xws li dej, iav, pob zeb diamond thiab huab cua. Kab lus no tham txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub teeb refraction, tsom mus rau lub refractive index ntawm huab cua

Cov txheej txheem ntawm mitosis yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev faib cov cell eukaryotic, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov theem tsim nyog. Kab lus no piav qhia txog theem ntawm mitosis, thiab tseem qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob mitotic cell division

Natural complexes yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog ib lub tswv yim ntawm thaj chaw uas qhia txog ntau qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Lawv tuaj yeem npog ob thaj chaw loj thiab thaj chaw me me hauv ntiaj teb. Dab tsi yog ntuj complexes muaj? Qhov txawv yog dab tsi? Lawv yog dab tsi? Cia peb nrhiav tau

Raws li koj paub, chemistry kawm txog cov qauv thiab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, nrog rau lawv cov kev sib hloov pauv. Ib qho chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke yog nyob ntawm cov lus nug ntawm seb lawv muaj pes tsawg. Nws tuaj yeem yog atom, ions lossis molecules. Nyob rau hauv cov khib nyiab, lawv nkag mus rau hauv cov pob txha ntawm crystal lattices. Cov qauv molecular muaj ib tug me me ntawm cov tebchaw uas nyob rau hauv cov khoom, kua thiab gaseous lub xeev

Lead ci: piav qhia ntawm cov ntxhia, tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev. Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov ntxhia thiab nws cov deposits loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia thiab nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim khoom tsim khoom. Kev siv lead ua gloss

Azimuthal qhov projection yog ib qho ntawm cov phiaj xwm tseem ceeb siv hauv daim duab kos duab. Nws yog siv ob qho tib si rau kev tsim daim duab qhia chaw ntawm ib tus neeg lub teb chaws thiab cov teb chaws, thiab rau daim ntawv qhia tag nrho hemispheres

Kev sib koom ua ke - ib txheej ntawm cov lej lossis cov tsiaj ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig uas tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv geodesy, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm kev tswj systems yog siv, ib co ntawm uas yog yooj yim

Theodolite yog cov cuab yeej geodetic rau ntsuas cov kab rov tav thiab ntsug. Muaj ntau lub theodolite nrog ntau hom khoom siv

Dab tsi yog pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Dab tsi yog biochemistry ntawm cov txheej txheem, muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm enzymes thiab coenzymes, lub luag haujlwm thiab qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov xwm txheej thiab tib neeg lub neej, cov qauv thiab muaj nyob hauv cov noob, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub complex thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm biochemistry yog dab tsi. lawv manifestation? Tag nrho cov no yuav hais nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no

Txog keeb kwm, tib neeg tau sim qhib qhov zais cia ntawm xwm. Thiab, qhov tseeb, hauv ntau thaj chaw, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua tiav qhov kev vam meej. Cov tshuaj tau tsim, cov xwm txheej ntuj tau piav qhia txog kev tshawb fawb, thiab qhov nthuav dav tshaj plaws tau tsim, ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj stimulating - pheromones. Cia peb tham ntxiv txog qhov kev ua tiav kev tshawb fawb no

Lub ntsiab lus tsis meej yog ib lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv quantum mechanics. Nws essence thiab prehistory ntawm lub discovery yog lub ntsiab ntawm cov khoom

Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky, uas nws cov kev tshawb pom tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb, thiab nws biography yog txaus siab tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws ua tau zoo, yog ib tug zoo kws tshawb fawb, lub ntiaj teb no-nrov Soviet tshawb fawb, tus tsim.

Alfred Bernhard Nobel yog Swedish chemist, engineer thiab industrialist uas tau tsim dynamite thiab muaj zog tawg ntau dua thiab nrhiav tau Nobel nqi zog

Kev nqus thiab rov ua dua tshiab ntawm lub teeb los ntawm inorganic thiab organic media yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm phosphorescence lossis fluorescence. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tshwm sim yog qhov ntev ntawm lub caij nyoog ntawm lub teeb nqus thiab emission ntawm cov kwj deg. Thaum lub sij hawm fluorescence, cov txheej txheem no tshwm sim yuav luag ib txhij

Txog xyoo 19th, lub tswv yim ntawm "biology" tsis muaj nyob, thiab cov uas kawm xwm raug hu ua natural scientists, naturalists. Tam sim no cov kws tshawb fawb tau hu ua tus tsim ntawm biological sciences

Cov mis ntawm graphite, deb ntawm qhov uas kim tshaj plaws ntxhia, yog tib yam li cov mis ntawm cov ntxhia uas kim tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham txog yuav ua li cas qhov no tuaj yeem ua tau, hais txog txhua qhov sib txawv ntawm pob zeb diamond thiab graphite

Amoeba yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj unicellular uas tuaj yeem txav mus los nrog kev pab los ntawm cov kab mob tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb. Cov yam ntxwv thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob no nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej yuav raug nthuav tawm hauv peb tsab xov xwm

Neptune yog lub ntiaj teb thib yim los ntawm Lub Hnub. Hauv qee qhov chaw, nws lub orbit cuam tshuam nrog lub orbit ntawm Pluto. Lub ntiaj teb twg yog Neptune? Nws belongs rau qeb ntawm giants. Astrological kos npe rau - J

Tus txiv neej paub ntau dua 300 txhiab hom nroj tsuag. Ib txhia ntawm lawv loj hlob nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob tsis haum. Ib qho ntawm cov nroj tsuag no yog ephemeroids. Txhawm rau kom muaj sia nyob hauv ib puag ncig nyuaj, lawv yuav tsum tau mus rau "kev ua yuam kev" thiab tsim kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb. Dab tsi yog ephemeroids? Koj yuav pom cov ntsiab lus thiab cov piv txwv hauv peb tsab xov xwm

Volt-ampere yam ntxwv, nws yog dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws thiaj li xav tau. Nplooj ntawv muab cov kev mus ncig luv luv rau hauv hluav taws xob thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog tsawg kawg nkaus rau kev paub txog lub tswv yim hauv nqe lus nug

Lawv ib txwm tshwm sim ntawm tus kheej, tsis ruaj khov, tsis pom kev thiab muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus npauj npaim, tab sis cov no tsuas yog cov pab pawg quasi - ib ntus kev hloov pauv los ntawm cov zej zog sib raug zoo mus rau ib pawg neeg sib raug zoo. Thiab tam sim no cia peb xav txog hauv kev nthuav dav dab tsi ib pawg quasi-paub yog nyob rau hauv sociology

Cov qauv saib yog dab tsi. Cia peb sim muab lub ntsiab txhais, nrhiav cov yam ntxwv ntawm biochemical, ethological, physiological criterion

Tsis yog ib qho txheej txheem hauv ntiaj teb no ua tau yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke, uas, cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg, tsim lub hauv paus rau cov xwm txheej zoo. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus thiab cov khoom hauv chemistry raug cais raws li cov qauv thiab cov haujlwm uas lawv ua. Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog acids thiab bases. Thaum lawv hnov mob ib leeg, soluble thiab insoluble ntsev yog tsim

Kab lus no yuav tham txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm proton accelerators, nrog rau yuav ua li cas raws nraim nws tsim rau niaj hnub Loj Hadron Collider. Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab cov kev taw qhia uas lawv txuas ntxiv txhim kho yuav raug piav qhia

Txiv neej qhia txog cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm kev qub txeeg qub teg ntawm qhov zoo. Mendel tau pab txhawb rau thaj chaw no

Xav txog yam tseem ceeb ntawm kev daws teeb meem. Cia peb tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev los nthuav qhia cov concentrations, piv txwv ntawm kev daws teeb meem rau kev suav cov feem ntau ntawm cov kuab tshuaj

Lej tsis yog kev tshawb fawb tho txawv, zoo li qee zaum. Nws muaj ntau qhov nthuav, txawm hais tias qee zaum tsis nkag siab rau cov neeg uas tsis xav nkag siab nws. Niaj hnub no peb yuav tham txog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov ntsiab lus thiab yooj yim hauv kev ua lej, los yog theej, thaj tsam ntawm u200bu200bit uas yog nyob rau ntawm verge ntawm algebra thiab geometry

Solubility yog ib qho tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg uas qhia txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kuab tshuaj hauv cov tshuaj. Cov khoom ntawm qhov ntau thiab nws daim ntawv thov yog tham hauv kab lus

Hydrides yog cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom nrog hydrogen. Formulas, zog, tau txais hydrides. Hydrogen hydride, dej

Carbide: formula, hom loj. Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev ntawm carbide, lawv cov khoom siv thiab kev siv

Zero point zog yog dag. Tshaj tawm tus charlatan John Searle. Refutation ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm perpetual motion tshuab

Dab tsi yog amino acid histidine? Formula, tshuaj muaj zog, tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev cuam tshuam nrog lwm yam tshuaj

Tej zaum txhua tus uas paub txog tsev kawm ntawv chemistry thiab txawm tias me ntsis txaus siab rau nws paub txog qhov muaj nyob ntawm cov tebchaw nyuaj. Cov no yog cov sib txuas nthuav dav heev nrog rau kev siv dav. Yog tias koj tsis tau hnov txog lub tswv yim zoo li no, hauv qab no peb yuav piav qhia txhua yam rau koj

Txoj kev ntawm sulfur extraction, zog, daim ntawv thov. Keeb kwm thiab kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev rho tawm. Sulfur melting point

Lub oscillatory circuit yog siv txhua qhov chaw hauv lub neej tiag tiag: hauv xov tooj, microwave ncu thiab lwm yam. Peb tsis tuaj yeem xav txog peb lub neej yam tsis muaj nws. Kab lus no yuav tham txog cov qauv ntawm contour thiab nws cov ntsiab lus, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm nws txoj haujlwm thiab kev siv hauv lub neej tiag tiag

Italian Alessandro Volta yog tus kws kho mob thiab kws tshuaj, tus thawj coj hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, tus nrhiav pom ntawm methane. Tus kws tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws no tau qhuas los ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm University of Pavia

Meteorologist yog ib txoj haujlwm txaus nyiam tshaj plaws. Dab tsi yog nws cov yam ntxwv, thiab qhov zoo li cas yuav tsum nws tus neeg sawv cev muaj - nyeem hauv kab lus