Proton accelerator: keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, theem ntawm kev txhim kho, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, tso tawm ntawm kev sib tsoo, kev tshawb pom thiab kev kwv yees rau yav tom nt

Cov txheej txheem:

Proton accelerator: keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, theem ntawm kev txhim kho, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, tso tawm ntawm kev sib tsoo, kev tshawb pom thiab kev kwv yees rau yav tom nt
Proton accelerator: keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim, theem ntawm kev txhim kho, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, tso tawm ntawm kev sib tsoo, kev tshawb pom thiab kev kwv yees rau yav tom nt
Anonim

Ntau xyoo dhau los nws tau kwv yees tias sai li sai tau Hadron Collider tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua haujlwm, qhov kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb yuav los. Qhov no loj loj proton thiab ion accelerator, ua nyob rau hauv Swiss CERN, tau raug lees paub tias yog qhov chaw sim loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws tau tsim los ntawm kaum tawm txhiab tus kws tshawb fawb los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws tuaj yeem raug hu ua lub koom haum thoob ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua yam pib ntawm qhov sib txawv kiag li, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov ceev ntawm proton hauv lub accelerator. Nws yog hais txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim thiab theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov accelerators uas yuav tau tham hauv qab no.

pib keeb kwm

Particle accelerator qhov ntev
Particle accelerator qhov ntev

Tom qab pom muaj cov alpha particles thiab atomic nuclei pib kawm ncaj qha, tib neeg pib sim sim lawv. Thaum xub thawj, tsis muaj kev hais lus ntawm ib qho proton accelerators ntawm no, vim tias qib ntawm cov thev naus laus zis kuj tsawg. Qhov tseeb era ntawm creation ntawm accelerator technology pib xwb nyob rau hauv30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, thaum cov kws tshawb fawb pib lub hom phiaj tsim cov txheej txheem acceleration particle. Ob tus kws tshawb fawb los ntawm UK yog thawj tus tsim lub tshuab hluav taws xob DC tshwj xeeb hauv xyoo 1932, uas tau tso cai rau lwm tus los pib lub sijhawm ntawm nuclear physics, uas tau ua tiav hauv kev xyaum.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cyclotron

Lub cyclotron, uas yog lub npe ntawm thawj tus proton accelerator, tau tshwm sim raws li lub tswv yim rau tus kws tshawb fawb Ernest Lawrence rov qab rau xyoo 1929, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau nws tsuas yog xyoo 1931. Kuj ceeb tias, thawj tus qauv yog me me, tsuas yog hais txog kaum centimeters nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla, thiab yog li ntawd tsuas yog me ntsis ceev protons. Tag nrho lub tswv yim ntawm nws lub accelerator yog siv tsis yog hluav taws xob, tab sis ib qho chaw sib nqus. Lub proton accelerator nyob rau hauv xws li ib lub xeev yog tsom tsis ncaj qha accelerating zoo nqi hais, tab sis ntawm curving lawv trajectory mus rau lub xeev uas lawv ya nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog nyob rau hauv ib tug kaw lub xeev.

Qhov no yog qhov ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau lub cyclotron, muaj ob lub hollow ib nrab disks, hauv cov protons tig. Tag nrho lwm cov cyclotrons tau ua raws li qhov kev xav no, tab sis txhawm rau kom tau txais lub zog ntau dua, lawv tau ua ntau dua thiab tsis muaj zog. Los ntawm lub 40s, tus qauv loj ntawm xws li ib tug proton accelerator pib sib npaug tsev.

Nws yog rau kev tsim ntawm cyclotron uas Lawrence tau txais txiaj ntsig Nobel nqi zog hauv Physics hauv xyoo 1939.

YSynchrophasotrons

Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb tau sim ua kom cov proton accelerator muaj zog dua,Teeb meem. Feem ntau lawv yog cov kws tshaj lij, txij li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau qhov tshwm sim nruab nrab yog qhov siab kawg, tab sis ib nrab lawv nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias cov khoom tsuas tsis nrawm raws li qhov xav tau los ntawm lawv. Ib qho kev hloov tshiab hauv xyoo 1944 tau ua los ntawm Vladimir Veksler, uas tau los nrog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm autophasing. Kuj ceeb tias, tus kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas Edwin Macmillan tau ua tib yam li ib xyoos tom qab. Lawv tau thov kom kho cov hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob kom nws cuam tshuam rau cov khoom ntawm lawv tus kheej, yog tias tsim nyog, kho lawv lossis, hloov pauv, ua rau lawv qeeb. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom lub zog ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib pawg, thiab tsis yog qhov muag plooj. Xws li accelerators hu ua synchrophasotron.

Collider

Ib feem ntawm lub accelerator
Ib feem ntawm lub accelerator

Yuav kom lub accelerator kom ceev protons rau kinetic zog, txawm ntau haib zog yuav tsum tau pib. Qhov no yog li cas colliders tau yug los, uas ua haujlwm los ntawm kev siv ob kab ntawm cov khoom uas yuav tig mus rau qhov sib txawv. Thiab txij li thaum lawv tau muab tso rau ib leeg, cov khoom yuav sib tsoo. Lub tswv yim tau yug los thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1943 los ntawm tus kws kho mob Rolf Wideröe, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho nws kom txog thaum 60s, thaum cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tshwm sim uas tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txheej txheem no. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nce tus lej ntawm cov khoom tshiab uas yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tsoo.

Txhua qhov kev txhim kho nyob rau xyoo tom ntej no ncaj qha coj mus rau kev tsim kho qhov chaw loj - Loj Hadron Collider hauv 2008, uas nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv yog lub nplhaib 27 kilometers ntev. Nws ntseeg tiasnws yog qhov kev sim ua nyob rau hauv nws uas yuav pab kom nkag siab tias peb lub ntiaj teb raug tsim, thiab nws cov qauv sib sib zog nqus.

Launch ntawm Loj Hadron Collider

Saib saum toj no
Saib saum toj no

Thawj qhov kev sim ua kom lub tsheb sib tsoo no tau ua thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2008. Lub Cuaj Hli 10 yog suav tias yog hnub ntawm nws qhov kev tshaj tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kev sim ua tiav, qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim - tom qab 9 hnub nws ua tsis tiav, thiab yog li nws raug yuam kom kaw rau kev kho.

Kev sim tshiab tsuas yog pib xyoo 2009, tab sis txog xyoo 2014, lub chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog qis heev los tiv thaiv kev tawg ntxiv. Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas Higgs boson tau tshawb pom, uas ua rau muaj kev loj hlob hauv zej zog kev tshawb fawb.

Tam sim no, yuav luag txhua qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov ions hnyav thiab lub teeb nuclei, tom qab ntawd LHC yuav raug kaw dua rau kev hloov kho tshiab kom txog thaum 2021. Nws ntseeg tias nws yuav tuaj yeem ua haujlwm txog li ntawm 2034, tom qab ntawd kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yuav xav tau kev tsim cov accelerators tshiab.

hnub no daim duab

Hadron Collider
Hadron Collider

Tam sim no, tus qauv tsim txwv ntawm accelerators tau mus txog qhov kawg, yog li qhov kev xaiv tsuas yog los tsim cov kab hluav taws xob proton accelerator zoo ib yam li cov tam sim no siv hauv cov tshuaj, tab sis muaj zog ntau dua. CERN tau sim rov tsim dua ib qho me me ntawm lub cuab yeej, tab sis tsis muaj qhov pom tau zoo hauv cheeb tsam no. Cov qauv ntawm cov kab sib tsoo no yog npaj los txuas ncaj qha rau LHC txhawm rau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuamqhov ceev thiab siv ntawm protons, uas yuav ces ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub collider nws tus kheej.

Zoo kawg

Particle txav
Particle txav

Nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm nuclear physics, lub sijhawm ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm particle accelerators pib. Lawv tau dhau los ntawm ntau theem, txhua qhov tau coj ntau qhov kev tshawb pom. Tam sim no nws tsis yooj yim sua kom nrhiav tau ib tus neeg uas tsis tau hnov dua txog Loj Hadron Collider hauv nws lub neej. Nws tau hais nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, zaj duab xis - kwv yees hais tias nws yuav pab qhia tag nrho cov secrets ntawm lub ntiaj teb no los yog tsuas yog xaus rau nws. Nws tsis paub meej tias txhua qhov kev sim CERN yuav ua li cas, tab sis nrog kev siv cov accelerators, cov kws tshawb fawb muaj peev xwm teb tau ntau cov lus nug.

Pom zoo: