Txhua tus paub cov khoom xws li graphite thiab pob zeb diamond. Graphite muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw. Piv txwv li, rods rau cov xaum yooj yim yog tsim los ntawm nws. Graphite yog ib yam khoom uas pheej yig thiab pheej yig. Tab sis cov khoom zoo li pob zeb diamond txawv heev ntawm graphite. Pob zeb diamond yog lub pob zeb kim tshaj plaws, tsis tshua muaj thiab pob tshab, tsis zoo li graphite. Nws nyuaj rau ntseeg, tab sis cov tshuaj formula ntawm graphite yog tib yam li cov pob zeb diamond. Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav txheeb xyuas qhov no ua tau li cas.
Graphite: keeb kwm thiab cov khoom ntawm cov ntxhia
keeb kwm ntawm graphite rov qab mus ntau txhiab xyoo, yog li nws nyuaj heev los tsim lub xyoo ntawm nws siv. Graphite yog nto moo rau ua ib tug zoo conductor ntawm hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntxhia no yog qhov tsis yooj yim heev. Yog vim li cas lawv thiaj ua xaum tawm ntawm nws.
Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov ntxhia muaj xws li tsim cov khoom sib xyaw nrog ntau yam tshuaj, xws li ntsev thiab alkali hlau. Cov ntxhia tsis yaj hauv cov kua qaub.
Cov mis ntawm graphite yog C, uas yog, nws yog ib qho ntawm kev hloov kho allotropic ntawm lub npe thib rau ntawm lub caij nyoog - carbon.
Pob zeb diamond: keeb kwm thiab cov khoom ntawm pob zeb
keeb kwm ntawm pob zeb diamond yog qhov txawv heev. Nws ntseeg tau tias thawj pob zeb diamond tau pom hauv Is Nrias teb. Lub sijhawm ntawd, noob neej tsis tuaj yeem nkag siab lub zog ntawm lub pob zeb no. Geologists tsuas paub tias lub pob zeb no yog ib qho nyuaj heev thiab ruaj khov. Txog rau thaum xyoo pua 15th, pob zeb diamond muaj nqis tsawg dua emeralds thiab rubies. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd ib tug tsis paub jeweler, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nrog ib lub pob zeb, muab nws ib tug zoo nkauj txiav, uas tom qab ntawd los ua lub npe hu ua pob zeb diamond txiav. Yog li ntawd, lub pob zeb pom nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws lub yeeb koob.
Pob zeb diamond yog siv hauv kev lag luam. Cov pob zeb no yog qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, uas yog vim li cas nws yog siv rau abrasives, cutters rau ua cov hlau ruaj khov thiab ntau ntxiv.
Raws li peb twb paub lawm, cov qauv ntawm graphite hauv chemistry yog C, thiab pob zeb diamond muaj tib lub mis.
Qhov txawv ntawm pob zeb diamond thiab graphite
Txawm hais tias cov zaub mov muaj cov qauv tshuaj zoo sib xws, lawv sib txawv ntawm ib leeg ob qho tib si hauv qhov tsos thiab los ntawm kev pom tshuaj lom neeg.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, pob zeb diamond thiab graphite muaj cov qauv sib txawv ntawm ib leeg. Tom qab tag nrho, graphite muaj ib daim phiaj ntawm hexagons, thaum lub pob zeb diamond muaj lub cubic siv lead ua qauv. Lub fragility ntawm graphite yog vim lub fact tias cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm nws cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yog heev yooj yim mus ua txhaum, nws atoms nyob ntsiag to sib cais los ntawm ib leeg. Vim li no, graphite absorbs lub teeb yooj yim thiab tsaus heev, tsis zoo li pob zeb diamond.
Cov qauv ntawm pob zeb diamond txawv nyob rau hauv uas ib qho carbon atom nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm plaub ntxiv atoms hauvDaim duab peb sab tetrahedral lossis pyramid. Txhua lub atom nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm ib leeg. Cov ntawv cog lus ntawm atoms muaj zog heev, uas yog vim li cas pob zeb diamond thiaj li nyuaj thiab muaj zog. Lwm cov cuab yeej ntawm pob zeb diamond yog tias nws tuaj yeem ua lub teeb, tsis zoo li graphite.
Puas yog nws txawv ntawm cov mis ntawm graphite tib yam li cov mis ntawm pob zeb diamond, tab sis cov zaub mov txawv kiag li? Tsis yog! Tom qab tag nrho, pob zeb diamond yog tsim los ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm lub siab loj, thiab tom qab ntawd txias ceev heev, thaum graphite tsim los ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab, tab sis kub heev.
Dab tsi yog cov tshuaj allotropic?
Allotropic tshuaj yog lub tswv yim tseem ceeb hauv chemistry. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub hauv paus, uas tso cai rau koj kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ib leeg.
Nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv, cov tshuaj allotropic tau kawm siv cov piv txwv ntawm graphite thiab pob zeb diamond, nrog rau lawv qhov sib txawv. Yog li, tau kawm txog qhov sib txawv ntawm pob zeb diamond thiab graphite, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias allotropy yog qhov muaj nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm ob lossis ntau yam khoom sib txawv hauv lawv cov qauv thiab cov khoom, tab sis muaj cov qauv tshuaj zoo sib xws lossis koom nrog tib lub ntsiab lus.
Tau txais pob zeb diamond los ntawm graphite
Cov mis ntawm graphite - C - tso cai rau cov kws tshawb fawb los ua ntau qhov kev sim, vim tias cov tshuaj allotropic ntawm graphite tau pom.
Xibhwb qhia rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov menyuam kawm ntawv txog yuav ua li cas cov kws tshawb fawb sim tsim cov pob zeb diamond los ntawm graphite. Zaj dab neeg no yog qhov nthuav thiab ntxim nyiam heev, thiab nws kuj tso cai rau koj kom nco qab lub hav zoov ntawm cov khoom siv xws li graphite thiab pob zeb diamond, thiab hais txog lawv.sib txawv.
Qee lub sij hawm dhau los, cov kws tshawb fawb sim tsim cov pob zeb diamond los ntawm graphite. Lawv ntseeg hais tias yog cov mis ntawm pob zeb diamond thiab graphite zoo ib yam, ces lawv yuav tsim tau ib lub pob zeb diamond, vim hais tias lub pob zeb yog kim heev thiab tsawg. Tam sim no peb paub tias pob zeb diamond ntxhia tshwm nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev kub siab thiab txias tam sim ntawd. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tau txiav txim siab los tshuab graphite, yog li tsim cov xwm txheej tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov pob zeb diamond. Thiab qhov tseeb, ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim, tom qab qhov tawg, cov pob zeb diamond me me tau tsim rau ntawm graphite.
Daim ntawv thov ntawm graphite thiab pob zeb diamond
Hnub no, ob qho tib si graphite thiab pob zeb diamond yog siv hauv kev lag luam. Tab sis li ntawm 10% ntawm tag nrho cov pob zeb diamond ntau lawm mus rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Feem ntau, cov xaum yog tsim los ntawm graphite, vim nws yooj yim heev thiab nkig, thaum tawm cov cim.
