Ntawm ntau daim duab qub qub ntawm cov teb chaws Europe sab hnub tuaj koj tuaj yeem pom cov cim txawv txawv: "River Ra". Leej twg ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm Russia ua lub npe no qhia? Qhov no hydronym tuaj qhov twg? Thiab puas muaj kev sib txuas ntawm tus dej Ra thiab lub hnub qub tim lyiv teb chaws?
Tsis paub ntawm daim duab qub qub
Cov neeg taug kev los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws thiab lub sijhawm tau muab tib yam khoom sib txawv npe, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi xav tsis thoob hauv qhov no. Daim ntawv qhia qub tshaj plaws uas tus dej hydronym Ra tuaj yeem pom hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua AD. Lawv tau kos los ntawm Greek philosopher Ptolemy thiab tau ciaj sia, hmoov tsis, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv luam ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm geographic discoveries (1500s). Nyob rau hauv daim duab qhia chaw ntawm Eastern Europe, ib tug loj cov hlab ntsha yog pom meej meej, kos npe nrog lub cim "Rha fl." (Rha flumine).
Ib lub npe thiab ob tus dej ntws: cov lus zais ntawm Cis-Urals
Hnub no tsis muaj kev ntseeg tias Volga hu ua tus dej Ra. Tsuas yog saib ntawm daim ntawv qhia, xav tias rov qab mus rau 1540, qhov twg cov ntawv sau tau pom meej: "Wolga ot Rha fl.". Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj kom paub txog qhov khoov ntawm "niam ntawm cov dej ntws hauv Lavxias". Thiab thawj lo lus nyob rau hauv lub npe yog transcribedmeej kiag li. Yog li Volga yog tus dej Ra? Tsis yog txhua yam yooj yim heev…
Ntawm daim duab qhia chaw sib txawv centuries cim "Rha fl." Ob lub cev dej sib txawv tau raug xaiv:
- Nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, lub Kama, sab hnub poob ntawm Volga, yog lub npe hu ua tus dej Ra.
- Ntawm daim ntawv qhia TABVLA EVROPAE VIII, Volga tau cim tias yog "Western Current of Ra". Los ntawm qhov peb tuaj yeem xaus: qhov hydronym sib npaug siv rau ob txoj kev, tsuas yog thaj chaw thaj chaw ntawm txhua tus tau teev tseg.
- Ntawm daim duab qhia chaw ntawm "Asian Scythia" (uas yog, Trans-Urals), Volga tsis raug cim rau txhua qhov laj thawj yooj yim: nws tig tawm mus rau sab nraud ntawm thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw pom. "Ra" rov hu ua Kama.
- Lwm tus sau, tsis xav ob zaug, cim "Rha fl." ob txoj hauv ib zaug - ob qho tib si Volga thiab nws lub ntsiab tributary.
Raws li qhov no, peb tuaj yeem kos cov lus xaus. Tej zaum qhov kev sib txawv ntawm cov npe no yog vim qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm tus dej Ra hu tsis tau tsuas yog lub ntsiab channel ntawm lub Volga, tab sis kuj tag nrho nws tributaries.
Nws tseem ceeb heev uas lub hauv paus paub, lub ntsiab lus ntws, txav, kuj yog nyob rau hauv lub npe niaj hnub ntawm Riphean Roob - lub Urals. Ib txhia linguists txhais raws nraim li "ze dej Ra".
Lwm lub npe ntawm Volga
Thiab lub sijhawm sib txawv, "niam ntawm Lavxias tus dej ntws" hu ua txawv. Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias nws shores twb inhabited los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau haiv neeg. Thiab txhua yam lus muaj nws tus kheej lub npe rau tus dej, uas ua hauj lwm rau tib neeg raws li qhov chaw ntawm cov zaub mov, thiab lub ntsiab dej, thiab ib yam khoom ntawm kev pe hawm. Ntxiv rau lub npe "Ra", keeb kwm tau khaws cia cov lus hauv qab no:
- Lavxias teb sab "Volga", muab los ntawm Qub Slavic lo lus "vlga", txhais tau tias "dej", "dampness", "dej".
- Erzya “Rav”, also translation as “river”, “kwj”.
- Khazar "Idel" (lossis Itil) - "tus dej loj". Ntawm daim ntawv qhia Arabic, lub npe no tau hloov mus ua "Atel".
City on the Ra River
Volga-Volga, nyob zoo niam… leej twg tsis paub zaj nkauj no? Lub Volga yog hu ua "niam ntawm Lavxias teb sab dej" rau ib tug yog vim li cas. Txij li thaum immemorial, nws tau ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv lub neej ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nws. Ib lub nroog nto moo tshaj plaws uas tswj kev taug kev raws Volga yog lub peev ntawm Khazar Khanate - Itil. Kazan tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb, rau ob peb centuries nws levied tribute los ntawm cov tub lag luam mus rau Persia. Tam sim no muaj ntau tshaj li tsib caug lub nroog raws tus ntug dej ntawm tus dej loj, ntau qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev lag luam thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm tag nrho cheeb tsam. Ntawm lawv:
- Kazan;
- Samara;
- Astrakhan;
- Kostroma;
- Tver;
- Volgograd;
- Saratov;
- Tolyatti;
- Cheboksary;
- Dubna;
- YYaroslavl.
Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod
Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain yog dav dav hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Dmitry Kvashnin, ib tus neeg nyob hauv ib lub nroog loj tshaj plaws hauv thaj av Volga, los ntawm Nizhny Novgorod. Hauv nws phau ntawv "Lub Nroog ntawm tus Dej Ra", tus kws sau keeb kwm hauv zos qhia txog keeb kwm tshwj xeeb thiab geology ntawm Lavxias teb sab Plain.
Thiab nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov nroog ntawm Samara, Saratov thiab Astrakhan, cov neeg xav paub lus tuaj yeem hnov tib lub hauv paus "ra". Qhov tseeb,qhov kev xav no tseem tsis tau muaj pov thawj thiab yog qhov xav tau ntau dua. Piv txwv li, muaj ntau yam kev xav txog lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub npe "Astrakhan", xws li los ntawm lub npe ntawm lub Tatar lub zos Ashtarkhan, uas ib zaug sawv yuav luag nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no lub nroog, thiab xaus nrog rau cov neeg Astarkhan, tus tub. ntawm ib tug ntawm cov Bulgar rulers, uas ib zaug ua ib tug fortified kev sib hais haum nyob rau hauv lub qis nce mus txog ntawm lub Volga.
Tsis paub lus qub
Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tab tom sib cav txog keeb kwm ntawm lub npe qub ntawm Volga - Ra. Muaj ntau ntau versions:
- Lo lus muaj cov hauv paus hauv Latin thiab txhais tias "siab dav".
- Lo lus los ntawm cov lus Erzya, yog ib pawg neeg ntawm Mordovians. Lawv lo lus "rav" txhais tias yog dej ntws.
- Lub hydronym muaj cov hauv paus ntsiab lus nrog cov lus Lavxias xws li "zaj nag", "kev xyiv fab", "dew" thiab … "Rus". Qhov tseeb yog tias lub hauv paus ntawm Slavic thaum ub "ra" ("ro", "ru", nyob ntawm lub suab), txhais tau tias "lub teeb", "ci", " tshav ntuj". Lub Volga, qhov tseeb, yeej ib txwm muaj qhov xav tsis thoob pob tshab. Txawm li cas los xij, lub hauv paus "ra" tuaj yeem txhais tau ntau txoj hauv kev: los ntawm kev qhia txog kev huv huv ntawm tus dej mus rau ib qho lus qhia tias lub channel loj txuas nrog tag nrho lub ntiaj teb paub rau cov neeg nyob hauv zos nrog nws txhais tes. "Sunflower" dej, hais lus. Ib txhia amateur etymologists, los ntawm txoj kev, pom qhov zoo sib xws ntawm lub ancient lub npe ntawm lub Volga nrog lub npe ntawm Egyptian hnub vajtswv. Seb qhov no yog li cas tseem tsis tau paub meej.
- Thiab ib qho ntxiv Latin, lossis theej, Proto-Indo-European, kev xav. Lub hauv paus "rha" lossis "rhe" tuaj yeem pom hauv cov lus xws li "hemorrhage" (los ntshav), "rhea" (lub npe ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes).qhov chaw ntawm rigging ntawm sailing ships), "ceev" (ib feem ntawm tus dej nrog tus ceev tshaj plaws tam sim no), "ya" (txav, ntws, txaws, nrog rau hauv cov cua). Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, lub suab sib xyaw no txhais tau tias txav mus los, ntws. Thiab ntawm no nws yog lub sijhawm kom rov nco txog lwm qhov hydronym, txawm hais tias nyob hauv Western Europe: Rhine.
Cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv tseem tsis tuaj yeem pom zoo rau lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub npe qub ntawm Volga - Ra. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov ua tau tias tag nrho cov kev xav no raug rau qee qhov. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj nco qab tias, raws li ntau tus kws qhia lus, txhua yam lus ntawm pawg Indo-European yog los ntawm Sanskrit thiab muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ib leeg.
