Propylene oxide yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov organic synthesis. Qhov ntim ntawm kev noj ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw no tau loj hlob tas li, vim nws yog cov khoom siv raw kom tau txais cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Muaj ob peb technologies rau kev lag luam synthesis ntawm cov khoom no.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Propylene oxide, los yog propylene oxide, nyob rau hauv ib txwm mob yog ib tug ntshiab kua nrog ib tug yam ntxwv ethereal tsw. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib txuas ntxiv, uas yog txuam nrog qhov yooj yim ntawm kev qhib lub nplhaib peb-tus tswv cuab epoxy hauv nws cov qauv. Vim yog cov cuab yeej no, qhov sib xyaw no ua rau muaj ntau yam tshuaj thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, uas yog tom qab siv kom tau txais ntau yam khoom siv.
Cov mis mos empirical rau propylene oxide yog C3H6O. Synonyms rau lub npe ntawm no compound yog methyloxirane; 1, 2 - propylene oxide; 1, 2 - epoxypropane.
Lub cev muaj zog
Lub cev yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom no yog:
- ntom (raws li ib txwm muaj) - 859kg/m3;
- boiling point - 34.5 °С;
- tshav kub muaj peev xwm - 1.97 J / (kg∙K);
- refractive index – 1, 366;
- dynamic viscosity (ntawm 25 ° C) - 0.28;
- qis dua qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsawg - 2-21% (los ntawm ntim).
Txoj kev phem
Cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv chav kawm phom sij thib ob, MPC hauv dej yog 0.01 mg / l. Kev sib cuag nrog propylene oxide tuaj yeem ua rau cov teeb meem hauv qab no:
- khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab mucous daim nyias nyias;
- kev sib koom tes ntawm kev txav;
- CNS kev nyuaj siab;
- pob kws hlawv;
- xwb;
- coma.
Cov tshuaj no kuj yog carcinogenic, mutagenic thiab cytotoxic.
tshuaj muaj zog
Cov khoom siv tshuaj ntawm propylene oxide suav nrog:
- solubility - zoo nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov organic solvents thiab hauv dej;
- reacting nrog dej tsim propylene glycol;
- hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog cawv thiab phenols, glycol ethers tau txais;
- tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog cov kua qaub uas muaj carboxyl pawg muab esters (nyob rau hauv muaj cov hlau alkali);
- polymerization nrog kev koom tes ntawm catalysts (alkalis, cawv, phenols thiab lwm yam) ua rau tsim cov polypropylene oxide nrog lub siab molecular hnyav.
Nyob hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, copolymer nrog ethylene oxide thiab propylene glycol yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. propylene tau txais los ntawm kev tso dej ntawm propylene oxide thaum rhuab mus rau 200 ° C, ntau dhau.siab ntawm 16 atmospheres thiab nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm alkali. Cov khoom kawg kuj muaj txog 20% polypropylene glycol.
Daim ntawv thov
Propylene oxide yog siv rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
- synthesis ntawm cov khoom rau polyester resins, roj hmab zoo li polymers thiab polyurethane, uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, automotive qhov chaw, rooj tog, cov khoom ua si, coatings, rwb thaiv tsev, khau kev lag luam;
- tsim khoom ntawm propylene glycol ether cov kuab tshuaj, cov roj nplua nyeem thiab cov dej nres, tshuaj tua kab;
- ua kom tsis muaj khoom siv kho mob, ntim khoom noj;
- tsim cov tshuaj detergents, emulsifiers thiab demulsifiers rau kev xav tau.
Production
Ntawm qhov ntsuas kev lag luam, tau txais propylene oxide yog ua los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev:
- Hypochlorination hauv cov tshuaj hypochlorous acid, ua raws li saponification ntawm propylene chlorohydrin thiab kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom kawg (dehydrochlorination). Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no yog cov khoom siv kim heev (chlorine thiab slaked txiv qaub), nrog rau kev tsim cov ntim loj ntawm calcium chloride hauv daim ntawv yaj.
- Epoxidation ntawm propylene nrog cumene hydroperoxide. Cov thev naus laus zis no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qib siab ntawm cov khoom lag luam tawm los (txog 99%).
- Simultaneous synthesis ntawm styrene thiab propylene oxide. Cov txheej txheem no tau mastered nyob rau hauv lub tuam txhab petrochemical Nizhnekamskneftekhim. Cov khoom siv raw yog ethylbenzene. Nws yog oxidized nrog oxygenkub ntawm 130 ° C, tom qab uas hydroperoxide tau txais, uas reacts nrog propylene. Tom qab ntawd lub cev qhuav dej ntawm methylphenylcarbinol yog ua nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm titanium dioxide.
- Peroxide txoj kev. Propylene yog oxidized nrog cov organic hydroperoxides (methylpropane thiab ethylbenzene los yog tert-butyl peroxide). Cov txheej txheem yuav siv qhov chaw ntawm qhov kub ntawm 100 ° C thiab lub siab ntawm 20-30 atmospheres, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug catalyst - molybdenum oxide.
NRPO process
Txij li xyoo 2000s, lub tshuab tshiab raws li hydrogen peroxide (HPPO txheej txheem) kuj tau siv los tsim cov propylene oxide. Nws yog raws li oxidation ncaj qha ntawm propylene nrog H2O2. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau sim ua kom tau txais cov khoom no los ntawm txoj kev no kom yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem, txo cov nqi tsim khoom thiab txo cov khoom los ntawm cov khoom, tab sis cov txheej txheem tau thov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tsis zoo.
Propylene epoxidation yog ua nyob rau hauv lub reactor uas methanol peroxide nrog methyl cawv yog siv los ua hnyav. Polymeric lossis tshuaj qib ntawm propylene yog siv los ua cov khoom pib. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ruaj khov catalyst ntawm nruab nrab kub thiab siab siab.
Qhov zoo ntawm HPPO txheej txheem yog raws li hauv qab no:
- ntau yam khoom lag luam;
- tsis muaj chlorine, uas yog qhov txaus ntshai thiab muaj tshuaj lom reagent;
- ntev catalyst life;
- qib siab ntawm kev hloov pauv (hloov ntawm peroxide rau cov khoom tiav) thiab kev xaiv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj;
- pub cov kuab tshuaj purified rau cov khoom siv dua.
Russian manufacturers
Hauv tebchaws Russia, propylene oxide tsuas yog tsim los ntawm ob lub lag luam:
- JSC Nizhnekamskneftekhim (nyob hauv Tatarstan). 2 technologies tau mastered ntawm no - kev sib koom ua ke ntawm С8Н8 thiab C3H6 O, nrog rau txoj kev chlorohydrin (sib xyaw propylene nrog cov tshuaj chlorine, tau txais cov propylene chlorohydrin nruab nrab thiab kho nws nrog mis nyuj ntawm txiv qaub).
- Khimprom (lub nroog Kemerovo).
Raws li cov khoom ntim, 99% ntawm cov khoom tau txais ntawm thawj lub lag luam.
