Bulgarian lus - qhov no yog lub npe yooj yim rau tag nrho pab pawg neeg tuag, tam sim no tsis muaj nyob (tsis muaj nyob hauv kev hais lus nyob) cov lus siv los ntawm Bulgars. Cov Bulgars raws li ib haiv neeg nyob rau hauv lub Balkans, ib feem ntawm lub Volga cheeb tsam thiab kuj nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm lub Caucasus. Nrog rau cov lus Chuvash niaj hnub no, thiab, piv txwv li, nrog Khazar (tseem tuag), cov lus no yog ib feem ntawm cov lus hu ua Bulgar pawg lus, koom ua ke raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab caj ces zoo sib xws (cov qauv sau ntawv, xov tooj, thiab lwm yam..)
Cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim. Classification
Qhov tseeb nthuav los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov lus: Bulgarian tsab ntawv tau hloov ntau zaus. Yog li, thawj zaug nws yog raws li Bulgar runic tsab ntawv, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub 6th-9th centuries AD nws muab txoj kev rau cov tsiaj ntawv Greek. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Arabic tshaj li lwm tus. Qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob yog tias peb xav txog kev faib tawm ntawm cov lus Bulgar kom nthuav dav ntxiv.
Hauv kev xav thoob ntiaj teb, Bulgarian belongs rau cov lus ntawm Eurasia. Seb puas yuav xav txog nws koom nrog cov lus Altai - cov kws tshawb fawb tseem tsis tau pom zoo rau qhov no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws paub tseeb tias pawg Bulgar belongs rauCov lus Turkic - yog li kev sib txuas nrog Arab kab lis kev cai.
Thaj chaw thiab keeb kwm ntau yam
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau theem ntawm "lub neej" ntawm cov lus Bulgar tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv. Yog li, lub sijhawm ntawm Early Bulgar language tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv. tsim lub hauv paus ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Great Bulgaria.
Cov lus Danubian-Bulgarian tau nthuav tawm hauv Balkans txij xyoo pua 7 txog rau xyoo pua 10. Nws yog ib hom kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg hu ua Bulgar aristocracy. ploj lawm, raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, vim Slavic cawv (kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev hloov pauv tom ntej). Muaj ib lub tswv yim hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv no ntau yam ntawm Bulgar lus uas muaj ntau yam tseem undeciphered runic lus yog sau.
Nruab Nrab Bulgarian (ib lo lus tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv hauv kev hais lus) kuj hu ua Volga-Bulgarian thiab muaj keeb kwm kev faib tawm, raws li koj xav, hauv thaj av Volga - qhov twg hnub no Chuvash koom pheej, koom pheej ntawm Tatarstan, Ulyanovsk cheeb tsam nyob.
Runic sau
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, hauv qee thaj chaw hauv qee lub sijhawm ntawm kev txhim kho keeb kwm, cov ntawv tshwj xeeb runic tau siv ua lus Bulgar. Interestingly, rau qee lub sijhawm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Balkan Peninsula, nws kuj tau siv nrogtau txais ntau thiab ntau qhov chaw (thiab tom qab ntawd los ua lub hauv paus ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Lavxias, Ukrainian thiab Belarusian) Cyrillic.
Cov keeb kwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Bulgar (lossis Bulgarian) sau ntawv tau pom nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Romania, Bulgaria (hauv thaj av Shumen, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, hauv Pliska, thawj lub nroog ntawm Bulgar xeev).
Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj ntau cov lus nug txog yuav ua li cas sau ntawv yuav tsum hu thiab seb nws yuav tsum raug ntaus nqi li cas hu ua "runic" ib qho. Raws li qee cov kws tshawb fawb (xws li cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Bulgaria nws tus kheej), cov runes ntawm Bulgars thaum ub, zoo li cov neeg German, muaj lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb. Lwm tus sib cav tias tsab ntawv no muaj ob lub ntsiab lus Greek thiab Cyrillic, feem ntau tsis muaj kev sib txuas, thiab nws tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog runes.
Khoom, monuments, ntawv nyeem
Sad raws li nws yuav zoo li, qhov tseeb, niaj hnub no tsis muaj qhov kawg ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev sau ntawv Bulgarian thaum ub. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tiv thaiv qhov no yog qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom zoo uas pom.
Yog li, feem ntau, cov lus Bulgar tau kawm niaj hnub no ua tsaug rau lexical thiab lwm yam qiv nyiaj uas tau khaws cia hauv kev ua neej nyob niaj hnub no, hais txog thiab cov lus nyob sib ze. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv kawm suav nrog Preslav inscription, lub npe ntawm Bulgarian khas, lub runes los ntawm Murfatlar (ib lub nroog hauv Romania), "Sau ntawm Turkic. Cov lus hais "los ntawm Mahmud Kashgari, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov lus Chuvash thiab Tatar niaj hnub no (piv txwv li, lo lus "lub ntiaj teb tom ntej" hauv cov lus Chuvash zoo li "ahrat", hauv Tatar - zoo li " akhirat", nyob rau hauv lub unfamiliar Volga-Bulgarian nws zoo li txoj kev - "akhirat").
