Peb txhua tus tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv peb lub neej xav txog peb cov zaub mov. Piv txwv li, dab tsi yog qhov kev cai niaj hnub ntawm ntau yam khoom tsim nyog rau lub cev uas tuaj rau peb nrog zaub mov? Dab tsi amino acids peb xav tau thiab vim li cas? Niaj hnub no, ntawm chav kawm, peb yuav tsis tham txog kev noj zaub mov kom zoo, txij li ib los yog ib lub kaum ob kab lus tsis txaus rau qhov no. Cia peb tham txog tib yam khoom, uas yog undoubtedly tseem ceeb heev rau lub cev. Nws yog cov amino acid histidine. Nws lub npe tshuaj suab nyuaj - L-2-amino-3- (1H-imidazol-4-yl) propanoic acid. Tab sis ua ntej ua ntej.
Amino acid yog dab tsi?
Ua ntej tham txog cov khoom ntawm histidine thiab nws lub luag haujlwm hauv lub cev, cia peb tham txog lub tswvyim ntawm "amino acid". Cov neeg uas nyiam ua kis las tau hnov txog cov tshuaj no. Ib qho amino acid yog cov organic compound uas muaj ob pawg ua haujlwm tseem ceeb uas ua rau nws tshwj xeeb: pawg amino -NH2 thiab hu ua carboxyl pawg -COOH.
Thawj yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov chav kawm txawv txawv ntawm cov tebchaw. Ua tsaug rau nitrogen thiab nws khub ntawm electrons, ib qho amino acid tuaj yeem tsim cov ions zoo. Hauv qhov no, pawg amino hloov mus rau hauv cov ion no: -NH3+.
Second functionalcov pab pawg neeg yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov acidic zog. Nws muaj peev xwm pub tau ib tug proton, tig mus rau hauv anion -COO-. Qhov tshwm sim no ua rau nws tuaj yeem tsim cov ntsev ntawm sab ntawm pawg carboxyl.
Yog li, ib qho amino acid muaj ob ntu, txhua tus muaj peev xwm tsim cov ntsev. Ib tug ntawm lawv muab cov tebchaw nrog cov khoom ntawm acids, thiab lwm yam - ntawm cov hauv paus. Feem ntau, cov amino acid tuaj yeem sawv cev raws li hauv qab no: NH2-CH(R)-COOH. Tsab ntawv R ntawm no yuav tsum to taub tias yog "radical", uas yog, cov khoom siv organic uas muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm thiab cov pob txha carbon thiab muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib daim ntawv cog lus (lossis daim ntawv cog lus) nrog lub nraub qaum ntawm cov amino acid molecule.
Raws li txoj cai, txawm tias cov neeg uas tsis paub txog tshuaj thiab tsis nyiam kev ua kis las tau hnov txog ib zaug, yam tsawg kawg ntawm kev tshaj tawm, uas peb xav tau cov amino acids thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Cia peb saib seb lawv ua haujlwm li cas hauv lub cev thiab vim li cas koj thiaj li yuav tsum tau txais lawv raws li qhov xav tau los ntawm cov zaub mov.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov amino acids hauv lub cev
Raws li koj paub, peb txhua tus tsim los ntawm cov protein, rog thiab carbohydrates. Thiab peb noj lawv ua zaub mov kom tswj tau peb txoj kev vam meej. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm no, peb tsuas yog txaus siab rau cov proteins. Cov no yog cov molecules loj heev uas ua tau txawv kiag li thiab tseem ceeb heev functions nyob rau hauv peb lub cev: thauj khoom, tsim cov hlwb tshiab, ntxiv dag zog rau kev sib txuas ntawm hlwb neurons.
Peb pib tham txog cov proteins vim li cas. Qhov tseeb yog tias tag nrho cov khoom no muaj cov amino acids, uas suav nrog histidine. Txawm tias yooj yim tshaj plaws Protein Formulamuaj tsawg kawg yog kaum ob amino acids txuas nrog hauv cov saw hlau polypeptide. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej cov qauv thiab cov duab, uas tso cai rau nws los ua txoj haujlwm uas nws tau tsim los ntawm xwm.
Histidine
Cov mis ntawm cov amino acid suav nrog, raws li peb twb pom lawm, tsawg kawg yog ob pawg ua haujlwm thiab cov pob txha pob txha txuas rau lawv. Tias yog vim li cas qhov sib txawv ntawm tag nrho cov amino acids (ntawm txoj kev, ob peb lab twb tau pom) nyob rau hauv qhov ntev ntawm cov carbon choj ntawm ob pawg thiab nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm radical txuas rau nws.
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm peb tsab xov xwm yog ib qho ntawm cov amino acids - histidine. Cov mis rau cov kua qaub no tsis yooj yim. Hauv cov saw hlau tseem ceeb ntawm ob pawg ua haujlwm, peb pom tsuas yog ib qho carbon atom. Qhov tseeb, tag nrho cov proteinogenic tseem ceeb (muaj peev xwm ua tau cov proteins) cov amino acids kuj muaj ib qho carbon atom hauv cov saw hlau no. Tsis tas li ntawd, histidine muaj cov qauv radical complex uas suav nrog lub voj voog. Saum toj no koj tuaj yeem pom tias histidine yog dab tsi. Cov mis, uas nws tus yam ntxwv feature yog ib tug heterocycle (nrog rau lwm yam atoms tshaj carbon), yog nyob deb ntawm cov complex tshuaj.
Yog li tam sim no peb tau hais txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, cia peb mus rau qhov kev cuam tshuam uas tuaj yeem ua nrog histidine.
tshuaj muaj zog
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas cov amino acid nkag mus rau hauv muaj tsawg heev. Ntxiv nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv acids thiab cov hauv paus, nws nkag mus rau hauv biurettshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov khoom xim. Tsis tas li ntawd, histidine, uas nws cov mis muaj xws li imidazole residues, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog sulfanilic acid hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Pauli.
Zoo kawg
Kab tias peb tau npog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Peb vam tias tsab xov xwm no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau koj thiab muab kev paub tshiab rau koj.
