Watt yog lub cev muaj nuj nqis uas txhua tus yuav tsum tau ua txhua hnub yam tsis paub txog. Qhov ntsuas los ntawm nws, thaum twg nws tshwm sim, thiab los ntawm cov qauv twg nws tuaj yeem pom? Cia peb nrhiav cov lus teb rau tag nrho cov lus nug no.
Dab tsi yog watt
Ua ntej tshaj, nws tsim nyog paub lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus no. Yog li, watt yog ib chav tsev ntawm lub zog siv nyob rau hauv International System ntawm SI.
Nws tuaj yeem yog peb hom:
- Mechanical.
- hluav taws xob.
- Hlub.
Nws feem ntau lees txais tias 1 watt yog lub zog uas ua haujlwm (A) ntawm 1 joule ua tiav hauv 1 thib ob (t).
History of Appearance
Watts tau siv thawj zaug los ntsuas lub zog hauv UK xyoo 1882. Ua ntej ntawd, horsepower tau siv, thiab hauv qee lub tebchaws lawv txoj kev nkag siab txawv.
Tus neeg tsim khoom ntawm chav ntsuas ntsuas (watt) yog "leej txiv" ntawm kev lag luam kiv puag ncig - James Watt (muaj kev sau ntawv ntawm Watt). Nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm nws, los ntawm txoj kev, nws tau lub npe. Vim li no, ob qho tib si joule (lub npe tom qab tus kws tshawb fawb Askiv James Prescott Joule) thiab watt ib txwm muaj peev txheej thaum sau luv.– W (ua lus Askiv W).
Txij li xyoo 1960, lub watt tau ua lub zog siv thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog thaum ntawd nws tau lees paub los ntawm SI system.
Power Formula
Tom tau hais txog lub ntsiab lus thiab keeb kwm ntawm qhov pom ntawm watt, nws tsim nyog paub nws cov qauv. Nws zoo li no: N=A / t. Thiab nws sawv cev rau kev ua haujlwm faib raws sijhawm.
qee zaum, txhawm rau nrhiav kom paub txog cov dej, ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm lub zog muaj zog yog siv: N=F X V., tus nqi xav tau suav tsis siv ua haujlwm thiab sijhawm, tab sis siv dag zog thiab ceev data.
Qhov tseeb, tus qauv thib ob yog ib hom kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov qub. Nws tsuas yog coj mus rau hauv tus account tias kev ua haujlwm sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog los ntawm qhov kev ncua deb (A \u003d F x S), thiab qhov ceev yog qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov kev ncua deb muab faib los ntawm lub sijhawm (V \u003d S / t). Yog tias koj muab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no: koj tau txais cov piv txwv hauv qab no: N=F x S / t=F x V.
Watts, volts thiab amps
Ntxiv rau cov qauv uas tau txiav txim siab hauv kab lus dhau los txhawm rau nrhiav qhov kev kawm lub cev, muaj lwm qhov. Nws qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub zog (watts), voltage (volts) thiab tam sim no (amps).
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog kawm me ntsis txog cov chav no ua ntej tau paub lawv.
Volt (V, hauv lus Askiv V) yog ib chav ntawm hluav taws xob voltage. Hauv cov qauv, nws tau hais los ntawm tsab ntawv Latin U.
Ampere (A, hauv lus Askiv kuj A) - tus nqicharacterizing lub zog ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no, denoted los ntawm tsab ntawv I.
Tus qauv rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub zog, qhov hluav taws xob thiab tam sim no
Luv luv txiav txim siab txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm tag nrho cov khoom no, peb tau txais cov qauv no.
Zoo li no: P=U x I. Hauv nws, P yog lub zog (watts), U yog voltage (volts), Kuv yog tam sim no (amperes).
Yog tias tsim nyog, cov qauv no tuaj yeem sim sim yog tias lub zog twb paub lawm, tab sis koj yuav tsum nrhiav qhov tam sim no (I=P / U) lossis voltage (U=P / I).
Nrog rau kev txhim kho niaj hnub ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis, txhawm rau txhawm rau paub tias muaj pes tsawg watts muaj nyob rau hauv qee tus naj npawb ntawm amperes, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau tshwj xeeb hauv kev suav fais fab hauv Is Taws Nem thiab nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv nws. Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau ua qhov no, nyob rau hauv kab ntawm ib qho kev tshawb fawb cav koj yuav tsum nrhiav cov kab lus "watt rau amp conversion tshuab xam zauv", thiab lub kaw lus yuav muab rau koj qhov chaw nyob ntawm qhov chaw koj xav tau.
Multiple Tues
Dhau li ntawm cov kev siv tswv yim, cov chav nyob hauv nqe lus nug feem ntau yog siv los ua ntau qhov theoretical xam. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias lub zog me me, sau watts siv cov lej nrog ntau xoom yog qhov ua tsis tau zoo. Txhawm rau pab txhawb txoj haujlwm no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau qhia ntau qhov chaw ntawm W. Lawv feem ntau yog sau ua powers nrog tus rho tawm.
Hnub no muaj ntau ntau, tab sis kev xyaum ua ntau yam tsis siv.
Piv txwv li, thawj ob submultiples ntawm ib watt yog: dW (deciwatt, sib npaug 10-1 W) thiab cW (centiwatt, sib npaug 10- 2W) tsispom zoo siv. Tab sis milliwatt (mW, sib npaug 10-3), microwatt (µW sib npaug 10-6) thiab nanowatt (nW sib npaug 10 -9W) yog ib qho ntawm feem siv. Thiab tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev suav, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm ntau yam kev ntsuas.
Piv txwv li, cov khoom siv kho mob xws li electrocardiographs thiab electroencephalographs siv microwatts (µW).
Ntxiv rau cov teev saum toj no, muaj tsib qhov ntau ntxiv: picowatt (10-12), femtowatt (10-15), attowatt (10-18), zeptowatt (10-21) thiab ioktowatt (10-24). Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau siv tsawg zaus, thiab tom qab ntawd tsuas yog hauv kev xam cov theoretical xwb.
Kev faib tawm ntawm Tue
Chav nyob hauv nqe lus nug nws tus kheej kuj me me. Piv txwv li, txhawm rau ntxuav ib kilogram ntawm khaub ncaws hauv ib teev hauv lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws tsis siv neeg ntawm chav kawm A ++, koj xav tau 150 watts ntawm hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias peb xav tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm 3.5 kilograms ntawm cov khoom raug ntxuav tib lub sijhawm, ces 525 watts tau noj. Thiab qhov no tsuas yog ib qho kev ntxuav xwb, tab sis pes tsawg ntawm lawv tshwm sim hauv ib hlis lossis ib xyoos? Ntau, nrog rau cov naj npawb ntawm watts siv. Txhawm rau kom lawv sau tau yooj yim dua, kaum ntau chav nyob tau faib raws W, sau ua qib.
Raws li submultiples, thawj ob (decawatt - 10 1 thiab hectowatt - 10 2) tsis raug siv, yog li lawv tsuas muaj "de jure".
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias thaum sau cov ntawv luv ntawm ntau chav nyob, feem ntau cov ntawv thawj yogcov tsiaj ntawv loj. Qhov no yog ua kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam megawatts (MW - 10 6) nrog microwatts (mW) thiab lwm yam nqi zoo sib xws.
Feem ntau siv yog lub npe nrov kilowatt (kW). Nws yog sib npaug rau ib txhiab watts (10 3). Qhov thib ob nrov tshaj plaws yog cov saum toj no megawatt. Chav tsev no feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Tsawg dua, nws siv ntau npaum li gigawatts (GW - 10 9) thiab terawatts (TW - 10 12). Piv txwv li, hauv ib xyoos, qhov nruab nrab, tib neeg siv li 1.9 TW hluav taws xob.
4 qhov seem yog petawatts (PW - 10 15), exawatts (EW - 1018), zettawatts (ZW - 10. Piv txwv li, raws li ib tug ntawm lawv, nws yog assumed tias tag nrho cov hwj chim ntawm lub zog emissions los ntawm lub hnub yog 382.8 IW.
Txawm hais tias muaj ntau qhov ntau thiab submultiples ntawm watt, nws tsis yooj yim rau kev ua lej nrog lawv. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog hloov txhua yam rau watts thiab tom qab ntawd ua haujlwm nrog qib.
Lwm txoj hauv kev yooj yim kom paub watts (tus nqi thaum siv loj lossis me me cuam tshuam nrog lawv) yog nrhiav lub tshuab xam zauv online hauv Is Taws Nem. Los ntawm txoj kev, nrog nws kev pab koj tuaj yeem hloov watts rau hauv horsepower.
Watts thiab watt-teev
Tau paub tias chav tsev watt yog dab tsi (nrog rau kev paub nws qhov ntau thiab submultiples thiab nrhiav cov qauv), nws tsim nyog siv sijhawm.kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub tswvyim zoo li watt-teev (Wh). Txawm hais tias lub npe Tue thiab Wh zoo sib xws, lawv txhais tau tias txawv me ntsis.
Chav tsev thib ob yog siv los ntsuas lub zog tsim tawm hauv lub sijhawm qee lub sijhawm (ib teev).
Ua kom qhov sib txawv kom meej, nws tsim nyog xav txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob zoo tib yam nrog lub zog ntawm 2200 watts. Txhawm rau npaj compotes rau lub caij ntuj no, lub hostess yuav luag tsis tu ncua rhuab dej nrog nws rau ib teev. Lub sijhawm no, cov cuab yeej siv 2200 Wh. Yog hais tias ib tug poj niam coj lub hwj chim 1100 W tsis muaj zog, nws yuav boil tib cov kua hauv ob teev thiab tseem siv tib yam 2200 Wh.
Txhua qhov hluav taws xob muab rau cov neeg siv khoom ntsuas tsis yog hauv watts, tab sis hauv watt-teev (feem ntau hauv kilowatt-teev, kuj yog qhov piv ntawm ib mus rau ib txhiab). Txhawm rau kom paub meej qhov no, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim mus rau txhua lub tsev ntsuas. Tsis hais lub teb chaws thiab cov chaw tsim khoom, nyob ib sab ntawm cov lej (qhia txog qhov siv hluav taws xob siv) yuav muaj ib daim ntawv "kilowatt-teev" (kWh). Nws tseem tuaj yeem ua lus Askiv: kilowatt-teev (kW⋅h).
Tib lub sijhawm, lub zog ntawm txhua lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib txuas nws yog ntsuas hauv cov watts zoo tib yam (kilowatts thiab megawatts).
