Lub suab ua lus Askiv (ua lus Lavxias - tiag) yog ib qho ntawm ob pawg grammatical uas yog siv yog tias qhov kev kawm yog tus ua yeeb yam ntawm qhov kev txiav txim siab. Lub tswv yim no ncaj qha cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim ntawm tenses nrog kev pab los ntawm cov ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus qhia. Raws li rau lub suab passive, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no qhov kev txiav txim yog ua los ntawm lub predicate tshaj qhov kev kawm.
Lub sijhawm tsis kawg
Lub Sijhawm Yooj Yim suav nrog:
• Present Simple (hais txog tus txheej txheem uas tshwm sim tam sim no thiab tsis khi rau lub sijhawm hais lus). Txhawm rau ua cov kab lus lees paub, koj yuav tsum siv qhov kev tsim kho: pronoun lossis noun + verb (rau nws, nws, nws, -s|-es ntxiv) + lwm lo lus.
Kuv paub tias koj nyiam ua dab tsi. - Kuv paub tias koj nyiam ua dab tsi.
Nws tsw zoo li pizza. - tsw zoo li pizza.
Lawv xav tau peb kev pab! - Lawv xav tau peb kev pab!
• Siv Lub Sij Hawm Yav Dhau Los, peb nthuav qhia qhov kev nqis tes ua uas tau tshwm sim ntawm lub sijhawm dhau los, thiab lub sijhawm no twb tau xaus lawm. Kev tsim kab luszoo ib yam li tam sim no, tsuas yog peb ntxiv qhov xaus -ed rau cov lus qhia lossis siv nws qhov tsis raug (thib ob) daim ntawv.
Kuv nyiam lub tswv yim ntawd. – Kuv nyiam lub tswv yim ntawd.
Daim ntawv tshaj tawm yog qhov phem tshaj. – Daim ntawv tshaj tawm yog qhov phem tshaj.
Nws sim kawm lus Askiv. - Nws sim kawm lus Askiv.
• Yav Tom Ntej Yooj Yim yog siv los qhia qhov tseeb, kev xav, lossis kev txiav txim siab txog yav tom ntej. Cov kab lus raug tsim los ntawm kev siv cov lus hauv qab no: noun lossis pronoun + will + verb + other words.
Nws yuav nrog peb tom qab. – Nws yuav koom nrog peb tom qab.
Koj yuav pom kuv nyob ntawd. – Koj yuav pom kuv nyob ntawd.
Koj tus nus thiab nws tus poj niam yuav muag lub tsev zoo nkauj thiab xis nyob. - Koj tus nus thiab nws tus poj niam yuav muag lub tsev zoo nkauj no thiab xis nyob.
Nyob ntev
Nruam Tense yog siv tam sim no los tham txog qhov ua thaum lub sijhawm hais lus. Lub sijhawm tas mus li yav dhau los yog siv thaum nws tsim nyog los qhia txog cov txheej txheem uas tau tshwm sim ntawm qee lub sijhawm yav dhau los. Nrog kev pab los ntawm Yav Tom Ntej Txuas Ntxiv, peb tuaj yeem tham txog ib qho xwm txheej uas yuav nyob rau lub sijhawm yav tom ntej.
Nws tus khub tos kuv tam sim no. – Nws tus phooj ywg tseem tos kuv tam sim no.
Kuv tab tom ntsib. – Kuv muaj kev sib ntsib.
Peb nyob ntawm lub tsev so. - Peb nyob ntawm lub tsev so.
Nws cov menyuam tham txog cov khoom ua si tshiab. – Nws cov me nyuam tab tom tham txog cov khoom ua si tshiab.
Kuv tau noj lub ncuav qab zib kawg. - Kuv noj lub ncuav qab kawg.
Lawvcov xeeb ntxwv tau ua si hauv vaj. - Lawv cov xeeb ntxwv tau ua si hauv vaj.
Koj yuav tau noj mov ntawm terrace. – Koj yuav tau noj mov ntawm lub terrace.
Nws yuav tos ntsoov kuv. – Nws yeej yuav tos kuv.
Lub suab lus Askiv ntawm Kev Nruam Nruam yog tsim raws li lub tswv yim: noun lossis pronoun + kom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv xav tau (rau yav tom ntej tense - yuav yog) + verb with –ing + other words.
Perfect tense
Present Perfect yog siv los tham txog qhov kev txiav txim uas twb tau ua tiav lawm, tab sis nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb tam sim no. Lub Past Perfect txhais tau hais tias yav dhau los ua los ntawm ib tug neeg ntawm ib qho chaw yav dhau los.
Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm pawg Perfect yog tsim los ntawm kev tsim kho: kev kawm (yuav - rau yav tom ntej) + muaj / muaj (rau yav dhau los - muaj) + lus qhia hauv daim ntawv thib peb lossis nrog qhov kawg -ed + lwm lo lus.
Peb tau daws cov teeb meem ntawd. - Peb daws cov teeb meem ntawd.
Nws tau xa kuv lub hnab nqa rov qab. – Nws muab kuv lub hnab nyiaj rov qab rau kuv.
Kuv pom lawv! – Kuv pom lawv!
Nws txhawj txog nws. “Nws txhawj xeeb rau nws.
Ib tus neeg xa khoom tau xa cov khoom tseem ceeb. – Tus xa xov xa ib pob tseem ceeb.
Kuv nqa nws ib tsab ntawv kuv tau sau. – Kuv nqa nws tsab ntawv kuv sau.
Nyob ntev heev
Present Perfect Continuous yog siv thaum cov txheej txheem pib yav dhau los thiab tseem mus ntxiv. Active Voice in Past EnglishPerfect Long qhia txog qhov xwm txheej uas tau pib, txuas ntxiv, thiab xaus rau ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb yav dhau los.
Txhawm rau tsim ib qho kev tawm dag zog nrog Present Perfect Continuous, siv cov tswv yim hauv qab no: noun lossis pronoun + have/has + been + verb ending –ing + other words.
Kuv tau nkaum. - Kuv nkaum.
Lawv luag. – Lawv luag.
Nws tau nyeem. – Nws nyeem ntawv.
Kuv cov phooj ywg tau tos peb tus kws qhia ntawv. – Kuv cov phooj ywg tab tom tos peb tus kws qhia.
Tus txiv neej tau qw rau ib tug neeg. - Tus txiv neej tab tom qw rau ib tug.
Lawv tau tos ib pliag. - Lawv tos ib pliag.
Lub suab ua lus Askiv ntawm yav dhau los zoo meej nruam nruam yog tsim raws li kev tsim kho hauv qab no: subject + had + been + verb ending –ing + other words.
Nws tau hais ib zaj dab neeg. – Nws tab tom qhia ib zaj dab neeg.
Peb tab tom npaj cov lus no txhua hnub. - Peb tau npaj cov lus no txhua hnub.
Kuv tus miv tau taug kev qee lub sijhawm. – Kuv tus miv tau taug kev ib pliag.
Koj cov neeg nyob ze tau zaum ntawm lub rooj zaum tag tag kis. – Koj cov neeg zej zog tau zaum ntawm lub rooj zaum tag tag kis.
Kuv tus txiv tau sim tiv thaiv kuv. – Kuv tus txiv sim tiv thaiv kuv.
Peb tau mus ncig teb chaws Europe ob lub hlis dhau los. - Peb tau mus ncig teb chaws Europe ob lub hlis dhau los.
