Ib theem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua tub rog ua haujlwm hauv Belarus xyoo 1944 yog kev ywj pheej ntawm Minsk los ntawm Nazi invaders. Nws lub hom phiaj tsis yog tsuas yog ib puag ncig xwb, tab sis kuj yog kev puas tsuaj tag nrho ntawm pawg Wehrmacht loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam. Tsis tas li ntawd, Tub Rog Liab tau ntsib nrog txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tshem tawm lub peev ntawm Belarus los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab kom sai li sai tau. Qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb no tau tshwm sim rau Lub Xya Hli 3, 1944. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Belarus, qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog hnub ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm Minsk, lub peev ntawm lub xeev, tab sis kuj yog lub teb chaws hnub so - Independence Day.
Qhov xwm txheej ua ntej pib ua haujlwm
Hauv xyoo 1944, peb txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb ua tub rog tau ua tiav - Mogilev, Vitebsk-Orsha thiab Bobruisk, vim tias qhov chaw ntawm 4 thiab 9th pab tub rog, uas yog ib feem ntawm German pab pawg "Center", yog Yuav luag ib puag ncig los ntawm Soviet formations. Cov Nazi hais kom xa cov tub rog tshiab los pab lawv cov tub rog, suav nrog 4th, 5th thiab 12th tank faib.
Maj mam, lub nplhaib nyob ib puag ncig cov neeg German tau poob qis, thiab txoj kev ywj pheej tos ntev ntawm Minsk tsis muaj lawmroob. Thaum kawg ntawm lub Rau Hli 28, I. D. Chernyakhovsky, tus thawj coj ntawm 3rd Belorussian Front, mus rau Berezina River, yog li npog cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm sab qaum teb. Nyob rau hauv lem, I. Kh. Bagramyan tau tawm tsam nrog cov tub rog ntawm lub 1 B altic nyob rau hauv lub Polotsk cheeb tsam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, G. F. Zakharov nrog cov tub rog ntawm 2nd Belorussian pem hauv ntej hla tus yeeb ncuab los ntawm sab hnub tuaj, thiab KK Rokossovsky nrog nws cov tub rog - los ntawm sab qab teb, tau tswj kom ncav cuag Osipovichi - Svisloch - Kopatkevichi kab thiab siab dua nyob rau hauv Pripyat. Dej. Cov kev sib cais siab dhau los twb tau ib puas mais ntawm lub tebchaws Republican.
Bet Plans
Cov lus txib Soviet nkag siab tias nws yuav siv zog ntau los ua kom txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm Minsk xyoo 1944 muaj tseeb. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau lub Rau Hli 28, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb tau teem lub hom phiaj rau Cov Tub Rog Liab - kom nyob ib puag ncig thiab tshem tawm ib pab pawg fascist loj. Ua li no, nws tau npaj los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 1st thiab 3rd Belorussian Fronts kom ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm cov tub rog German nyob ze lub nroog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tawm tsam ntxiv rau sab hnub poob ntawm kev tsim ntawm 2nd Belorussian kuj tau pom. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov tub rog ntawm txhua qhov kev koom tes hauv kev ua haujlwm no yuav tsum tau puag ncig thiab tom qab ntawd rhuav tshem tag nrho Minsk pawg ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.
Tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog Liab yuav tsum txav mus rau sab hnub poob tsis tu ncua, yog li rub cov tub rog yeeb ncuab thiab tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev koom nrog pawg Minsk. Xws li kev ua ntawm sab Soviet tsim cov xwm txheej zoo rau kev tawm tsam tom ntej ntawm Kaunas, Warsaw thiabSiauliai directions.
Kev ua ntawm 3rd Belarusian
Lub Rau Hli 28, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Siab Tshaj Plaws tau tshaj tawm tsab ntawv hais txog lub hauv ntej no, uas yuav tsum tau hla tus dej Berezina tam sim ntawd, thiab tom qab ntawd ua kom muaj kev tawm tsam sai hauv ob qho kev qhia - ntawm Belarusian peev thiab Molodechno. Lub tshuab tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm tsam Minsk los ntawm Nazi invaders yog yuav tsum tau xa los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 31st, 5th thiab 11th pab tub rog, nrog rau 2nd tank corps.
Hnub tom ntej, cov tub rog liab tom ntej tuaj yeem ntes tau ob peb lub taub hau ntawm Berezina River thiab, tau tsoo cov yeeb ncuab thaiv, txav mus rau hauv av kom deb li deb ntawm 5, thiab hauv qee thaj chaw txawm tias 10 km. Txawm li cas los xij, ntsib nrog kev tawm tsam German tawv ncauj, cov tub rog Soviet tau rub mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav. Yog vim li no, thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Rau Hli 29, Tub Rog Liab tsuas yog tswj hwm tus dej.
Tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog ntawm 5 Cov Tub Rog nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Krylov hla Berezina yam tsis tau nres thiab tiv thaiv ntawm ntug dej, tuav ob peb lub taub hau. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias kev nce qib ntawm Red Army units, uas nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog kev ywj pheej ntawm Minsk, tau txhawb nqa zoo heev los ntawm ntau pawg neeg tawm tsam. Lawv tsis tsuas yog qhia txog txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws thiab luv tshaj plaws los ntawm hav zoov thiab thaj av swampy, tab sis kuj tau pab npog cov kab ntawm cov tub rog thiab tiv thaiv kev hla.
Tuagkev sib ntsib
Kev ywj pheej ntawm Minsk (1944) tau nrog los ntawm kev tawm tsam hnyav heev los ntawm German sab. Nws tiv thaiv kev ua ntej ntawm 11th Army raws li kev txib ntawm Galitsky. Yog li ntawd, cov tub rog Soviet nyob rau thaj tsam Krupka-Kholopenichi raug yuam kom koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua rau ib hnub. Ntawm no, Tub Rog Liab tau tuav rov qab los ntawm 5th Panzer, nrog rau cov seem ntawm 95th thiab 14th faib. Lub hom phiaj ntawm fascist cov lus txib yog los tiv thaiv cov tub rog Soviet los ntawm kev tawg mus rau Borisov, uas yog German chaw ruaj khov ntawm tus dej Berezina thiab npog txoj kev mus rau Belarusian peev.
Thiab, 5th Soviet tank tub rog tau nce mus raws txoj kev loj mus rau Minsk. Tom qab ntawd, nws mus rau Berezina los ntawm sab qaum teb sab ntawm Borisov. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov tankers raws li cov lus txib ntawm Rotmistrov, nrog rau kev tawm tsam ntawm 2nd Tatsinsky Corps, tau tso cai rau cov tub rog ntawm 31st Army nce mus txog 40 km hauv ib hnub thiab mus txog Beaver River. sab qab teb ntawm lub zos Krupki.
Forcing tus dej Berezina
Muab qhov kev ntseeg siab ua ntej ntawm cov tub rog Soviet mus rau Belarusian peev, nws tuaj yeem xav tias muaj kev ntseeg siab tias kev ywj pheej ntawm Minsk hauv xyoo 1944 yog qhov ua tau ua ntej. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 30, cov tub rog tseem ceeb ntawm Tub Rog Liab tau mus txog Berezina thiab hla nws. Cov tub rog thib 5 tau nthuav dav nws lub taub hau thiab nkag mus tob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv German ntawm qhov deb txog li 15 km, thiab 3rd Mechanized Corps, tau xyaum ua kom cov yeeb ncuab rov qab thiab nyob hauv Pleschenitsy, yog li thaiv txoj kev Borisov -Vileyka. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov yeeb yam no, cov tub rog Soviet tsim kev hem thawj rau ib qho ntawm cov flanks thiab rear ntawm cov yeeb ncuab pawg Borisov.
Nrog txhua qhov kev siv zog, 11 Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog txawm li cas los xij nrawm nrawm rau cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam, mus rau Berezina thiab, thaum kawg, muaj peev xwm yuam tus dej no. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub Soviet faib hla lub Germans los ntawm sab laug flank thiab tsiv mus rau Borisov. Yog li ntawd, muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub nroog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Rotmistrov lub tankers tau tawm tsam sab hnub tuaj ntawm Borisov.
Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Soviet tankers
Kev ua haujlwm, lub hom phiaj kawg uas yog kev ywj pheej ntawm Minsk los ntawm Nazis, yuav luag txhua qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov tub rog Soviet. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau lub rau hli ntuj 30, ib tug tank platoon ntawm Pavel Rak, muaj xws li plaub lub tsheb, tau txais ib tug txiav txim kom tawg mus rau hauv Borisov thiab tuav tawm ntawm tag nrho cov nqi mus txog rau thaum lub ntsiab rog ntawm lub thib 3 mechanized corps nkag mus rau hauv lub nroog. Ntawm tag nrho cov neeg ua haujlwm, tsuas yog tus thawj coj T-34 ua tiav txoj haujlwm. Lub tso tsheb hlau luam thib ob thiab thib peb ntawm Yunaev thiab Kuznetsov tau tawg ua ntej, lwm lub tsheb tau ntes hluav taws ntawm tus choj hla Berezina River, tom qab ntawd cov neeg German tau tawg qhov kev hla no. Tag nrho cov tub rog Red Army tuag.
Rau ntau tshaj 12 teev cov neeg coob ntawm P. Rak, uas suav nrog tus neeg tua phom-xov tooj cua A. Danilov thiab tus tsav tsheb A. Petryaev, tuav tag nrho lawv lub zog. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias lub breakthrough ntawm lub Soviet armored tsheb ua rau ib tug tiag tiag kev ntshai nyob rau hauv cov yeeb ncuab garrison, thiab nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev pab rau lub ceev liberation ntawm lub nroog ntawm Borisov. Cov phab ej tau sawv mus rau qhov kawg, thaum cov Germans xa ob peb rab phom tua kom tshem tawm lawv thiablub tank. Cov neeg coob ntawm P. Cancer tuag ib tug heroic tuag. Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau muab tsub lub siab tshaj plaws tub rog title ntawm Heroes ntawm lub Soviet Union. Muaj ntau tus neeg siab tawv zoo li no nyob rau lub sijhawm zoo ntawd. Cov tub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Fatherland tau muab lawv lub neej rau kev ywj pheej ntawm Minsk thiab lwm lub nroog. Nws yog kev ua phem tiag tiag.
Nyob rau hauv
Cov lus txib German tau tswj hwm los txhim kho ntau qhov kev tawm tsam muaj zog nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm Borisov, tab sis lawv tau xyaum tsis muaj txiaj ntsig txawm tias muaj kev qhia txog German Air Force rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau, ya hauv pab pawg ntawm 18, sim tiv thaiv cov tub rog Soviet hla Berezina. Tab sis Soviet tawm tsam aircraft thiab bombers repelled haib yeeb ncuab tawm tsam thiab lawv tus kheej tawm tsam ib pawg ntawm fascist khoom nyob ze Borisov.
Raws li kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum Lub Xya Hli 1, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau hla Berezina thiab txeeb lub nroog. Cov pab pawg Borisov ntawm Wehrmacht tau swb lawm. Qhov tseeb no coj lub liberation ntawm Minsk los ntawm fascist invaders ib kauj ruam ze dua. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog Soviet yuav xav tau ob hnub ntxiv kom ua tiav txoj haujlwm no.
Rov qab los ntawm Belarusian peev
Hnub hmo ntawm Lub Xya Hli 3, Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm hauv ntej Chernyakhovsky tau qhia kev ywj pheej ntawm Minsk mus rau 31st Army, 2nd Mechanized Corps thiab ib feem ntawm cov tub rog tank raws li kev hais kom ua ntawm Rotmistrov. Thaum sawv ntxov ntxov, kev sib ntaus sib tua pib nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb ntawm lub nroog, thiab thaum 7.30 sawv ntxov, cov tub rog Soviet tau ua tiav nws qhov chaw. Ob teev tom qab lub peevBelarus raug tshem tawm ntawm Nazi mercenaries.
1944 - xyoo ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm Minsk - yeej yeej rau Red Army. Rau peb xyoos tsis muaj qhov kawg, cov neeg nyob hauv lub nroog uas ploj mus thiab raug tsim txom tau tos txog hnub uas cov tub rog Soviet thaum kawg yuav nkag mus thiab cawm lawv los ntawm fascist quab yuam. Thiab lawv tseem tos thiab sawv nrog kev hwm hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua no!
