Cov lus yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus. Koj nug tsis tau nws ib lo lus nug. Raws li txoj cai, nws tsis ua lub luag haujlwm ywj pheej syntactic hauv kab lus. Cov lus hauv Lavxias yog tsim los muab ntau yam ntxoov ntxoo ntxiv rau cov lus lossis tag nrho cov kab lus. Lub luag haujlwm thib ob ntawm cov khoom yog kev tsim cov lus, nrog rau lawv cov ntawv pab ntawm cov lus raug tsim.
Piv txwv:
1. Tsuas nws xav tau koj.
Cov lus tsuas txhawb lub ntsiab lus ntawm koj hauv kab lus.
2. Cia ua li koj xav.
Siv ib qho los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev qhia: let.
Txawm hais tias cov lus hauv Lavxias tsis yog cov tswvcuab ntawm kab lus, lawv yog inextricably suav nrog hauv nws cov ntsiab lus. Piv txwv li:
1. Tsis cua suab nrov sab nraum qhov rais thiab tsis los nag.
Particle xav tau:
1) thaum tsim cov qauv kev xav ntawm cov lus qhia:
- imperative (yog, cia, cia, tuaj): let sim;
- conditional (yuav, b):zaum would, hais would;
2) thaum tsim cov lus qhia thiab cov lus qhia, lawv qib kev sib piv - tsawg, ntau, feem ntau. Piv txwv li: more tseem ceeb, less nthuav, most bold, more haib, less kaj;
3) thaum tsim cov lus tsis kawg: -qee yam, ib yam dab tsi, -los yog. Piv txwv li: qee yam, ib tus neeg, qee tus, leej twg - rau lwm yam.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov khoom no yog ze rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm morphemes.
Particle values
Particles hauv Lavxias muab ib kab lus tag nrho lossis ib lo lus sib txawv.
Particles tiag tiag, tej zaum, seb (l) - nug. Feem ntau lawv siv rau hauv cov lus nug. Piv txwv li: Reallyforgave? Puas muaj dab tsi ntxiv?
Qhia hais dab tsi rau, yuav ua li cas lawv qhia kev npau taws, xav tsis thoob, zoo siab. Piv txwv li: Like lub ntiaj teb dav! Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg !
Intensifying particles (tom qab tag nrho, -qee yam, txawm, tom qab tag nrho) yog siv yog tias koj xav tau ntxiv dag zog rau ib lo lus. Piv txwv li: Tsis txhob xav ! Tseem zoo heev! Nws same nws tus kheej rau txim!
Cov lus tsis zoo hauv Lavxias tsis yog thiab tsis yog. Lawv mus txog qhov tsis lees paub ntau txoj hauv kev. Lub particle tsis ua rau lo lus lossis tag nrho kab lus tsis zoo:
1. Tsis txhob ua qhov no! Negative tag nrho kab lus.
2. Tsis cua tawg ceg. Negative xwb lo lus cua.
Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm ob qhov tsis nyob hauvtsis yog cov kab lus tsis zoo, lawv tsim lub ntsiab lus zoo: Kuv tsis tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tsis pom zoo nrog koj!
Ni - ib qho khoom tsim los txhawb lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsis pom zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias kab lus twb muaj ib qho kev tsis txaus siab lossis cov khoom tsis yog. Piv txwv li: no dopsdej poob saum ntuj. Tsis muaj neither nceb hauv hav zoov, nor berries.
Modal hais lus hauv Lavxias yog cov uas cuam tshuam nrog kev qhia ntawm cov ntsiab lus, tus cwj pwm lossis kev xav. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog cov pawg saum toj no thiab qee qhov lwm tus. Tsis yog-modal hais, tsis hais txog qhov kev xav, raug cais los ntawm Vinogradov li semantic.
qeb ntawm cov khoom no suav nrog:
- ib pawg ntawm cov ntsiab lus, xws li raws nraim, raws nraim, yooj yim, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li: exactly no, exactly tib yam.
- Ib pawg ntawm excretory-restrictive particles - nkaus xwb, nkaus xwb, tshwj xeeb, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li: only this, exclusively dawb.
- Taw qhia cov khoom ntawm no, tawm, uas zoo li taw tes rau ib qho khoom tsim nyog mloog. Piv txwv li: Here txoj kev!
Tag nrho cov lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ua grammatical, lexical thiab derivational muaj nuj nqi. Nrog kev txawj siv, lawv tuaj yeem txhawb peb cov lus, ua kom muaj xim zoo nkauj thiab sib txawv.
