Thaum nug txog qhov twg Ore Toj siab nyob, muaj ntau cov lus teb. Lub roob nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm tib lub npe ntawm ciam teb ntawm Bohemia (Czech koom pheej) thiab Saxony (Lub Tebchaws Yelemees). Cov cheeb tsam no tau paub txij thaum ub los ua qhov chaw rau kev rho tawm ntawm tooj liab, nyiaj, tin, thiab hlau. Nws yog ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm metallurgy hauv Tebchaws Europe. Slovakia muaj nws lub roob Ore, sawv cev ib feem ntawm Western Carpathians. Lub npe no kuj muaj nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm lwm lub teb chaws.
geology
Rudnye Roob yog nyob rau ntawm Hercynian folding thiab sawv cev rau "fgment" ntawm supercontinent Rodinia, uas tawg 750 lab xyoo dhau los. Lawv cheeb tsam yog 18,000 km2. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau lub sij hawm Tertiary, thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm lub Alps, ib qho txhaum tshwm sim, thiab sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm cov roob nce siab saum toj roob hauv pes.
Nyob hauv nws keeb kwm, thaj chaw tau raug muaj zogKev cuam tshuam tectonic, uas yog reflected nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm pob zeb: granites, gneisses, sandstone, hlau, tooj liab-tin ores thiab lwm yam. Los ntawm ntau pua lab xyoo ntawm kev yaig, lub ncov ib zaug taw tes tau tig mus rau hauv toj siab.
Lub thaiv sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj, tig mus rau Czech koom pheej, nce siab saum toj ntawm Bohemian phiab nrog qhov siab hloov mus txog 700 m. Sab qaum teb sab hnub poob, tig mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, nqis qis, tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas dej ntau.
roob Ore nyob qhov twg
Qhov kev loj no nyob rau hauv Central Europe, ua ib tug ciam teb ntawm Czech koom pheej thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nws yog ib tug nruam nruam nrog ib tug ntev ntawm ntau tshaj 150 kilometers, taw qhia raws lub qaum teb-sab hnub poob kab. Peaks siab tshaj:
- Klinovets (1244 m).
- Fichtelberg (1214 m).
- Svalbard (1120 m).
- Auersberg (1022 m).
thaj chaw zoo nkauj yog qhov nrov heev ntawm cov neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, muaj ntau ntau lub balneological loj, caij ski, kev nyab xeeb chaw so. Nws yooj yim nkag tau los ntawm Dresden, Prague, Karlovy Vary.
Ore Toj siab, Czech koom pheej
Lub xeev ciam teb faib cov array ua ob qhov tsis sib xws. Czech ib feem yog hu ua Krushne Gori thiab yog bounded los ntawm tus dej Ohře. Nws yog me dua tus German ib (kwv yees li 6000 km2), tab sis ntau steeper.
Lub zog txhawb nqa tau ua rau muaj ntau qhov sib sib zog nqus kwj deg nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj. ATNyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, muaj ob peb lub pas dej loj, uas tom qab qhuav qhuav. Cov dej ntws luv luv, ceev ceev, qee qhov muaj dams. Krushne Gori muaj npe nrov rau nws qhov chaw kho mob: Teplice, Karlovy Vary, Bilina, Jachymov thiab lwm tus.
Kev nyab xeeb hauv cheeb tsam tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees nrog huab cua hloov pauv sai. Nws yog qhov txawv ntawm cov cua daj cua dub ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub poob, cua daj cua dub tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Cov av noo siab (1000-1200 hli los nag) ua rau muaj huab cua (90-125 hnub hauv ib xyoos).
Lub caij ntuj no txias thiab daus. Frost yog ua tau txawm nyob rau lub Rau Hli, thiab pib txij lub Cuaj Hli. Lub caij ntuj sov yog txias thiab los nag, cua sov tiag tiag nyob ze rau lub Yim Hli thiab kav 2-3 lub lis piam. Qhov nruab nrab kub ntawm qhov siab ntawm 900-1200 m yog 4-2.5 ° C. Ua tsaug rau cov daus hauv lub caij ntuj no, cov chaw caij ski ua haujlwm ntawm no.
Lub roob Ore nyob rau hauv Czech koom pheej yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv minerals thiab organic fossils. Paub cov deposits ntawm tungsten, hlau, cob alt, npib tsib xee, tin, tooj liab, lead, nyiaj, thee. Uranium deposits tau pom nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th.
Coal mining
Lub North Bohemian xim av thee phiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub roob Ore. Nws tau tsim nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hav rift uas muaj nyob hauv Miocene. Raws li geologists, ntau tshaj 20 lab xyoo, mus txog ib nrab ib kilometer ntawm sedimentary txheej tau sau ntawm no, nrog rau cov organic teeb meem, xuab zeb, thiab av nplaum.
Lub sijhawm dhau mus, Rudnye roob "compressed" lub rift kwj, tsim cov thee seam 25-45 meters tuab. Intensive thee mining pib nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19. Kev tswj tsis tau nyiaj txiag ua haujlwm tau ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv toj roob hauv pesthiab ecological puas tsuaj. Cov hav zoov loj heev raug txiav, cov tshuaj lom tau nkag mus rau hauv av. Reclamation tej yaam num ntawm kaum xyoo tsis ntev los no tau ib feem ntawm cov ecosystem, thiab cov pas dej tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub site ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm quarries, attracting tourists. Tam sim no, muaj ob peb lub mines, tab sis lawv cov khoom raug txwv.
Erzgebirge
Lub roob German Ore (tseem hu ua Erzgebirge) yog qhov zoo nkauj, txawm tias tseem muaj qhov siab tshaj 1000 meters. Lawv yog cov picturesque heev, overgrown nrog hav zoov. Hauv thaj av Pirna (ze Dresden), vim huab cua ntawm cov pob zeb mos, cov duab zoo nkauj tau tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov phab ntsa granite. Thaj chaw no hu ua "Saxon Switzerland". Ib phab ntsa ntawm cov ncej bas alt nce ze ntawm Scheibenberg.
Qhov kev nyab xeeb hauv cheeb tsam no yog temperate. Feem ntau cov cua sab hnub poob coj cov huab cua noo los ntawm Atlantic, sov los ntawm Gulf Stream thaum lub caij ntuj no. Ntawm qhov siab tshaj 900 m, qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kub yog 3-5 ° C. Cov nag lossis daus yog li 1100 hli. Lub ridges ntawm Ore Toj siab yog cov snowiest nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, lub caij ntuj no hnyav heev uas txawm tias cov nyuj khov kom tuag hauv cov tsev txhab nyiaj, thiab thaum lub Plaub Hlis muaj cov daus daus uas ua rau lub tsev tag nrho. Tam sim no lub caij ntuj no yog me me, nrog thaws ntau zaus.
Lub roob Ore hauv Saxony tseem muaj cov peev txheej ntuj, tab sis lawv cov peev txheej lag luam yuav luag tag. Raws li excavations, tooj liab tau mined ntawm no thaum kaj ntug ntawm lub hnub nyoog Bronze. Tam sim no lub cim keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai toj roob hauv pes yog kev tiv thaiv raws li ib feem ntawmUNESCO ntiaj teb cuab yeej cuab tam Site.
Erzgebirge muaj neeg coob coob. Cov chaw loj hauv kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm nyob rau ntawm nws thaj tsam: Dresden, Chemnitz, Plauen, Zwickau, Auz, Gera. Kev lag luam ntawm cheeb tsam yog ib qho ntawm cov tsim tshaj plaws hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Ntau tshaj 60% ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm hauv metallurgical, hluav taws xob thiab engineering industries.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tshwm sim anthropogenic yog qhov zoo heev. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm mining xav tau ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntoo. Hauv qee thaj chaw, hav zoov raug txiav tag nrho. Cov ecosystems raug rov qab los. Muaj ob peb lub tiaj ua si hauv tebchaws Ore Toj siab, tab sis txawm nyob sab nraum cov chaw tiv thaiv, ib cheeb tsam loj tau mob siab rau thaj chaw ntsuab.
Rudogorye
Slovak ore roob yog cov roob siab nruab nrab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub tebchaws. Lawv yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau ntawm Western Carpathians. Lawv ncav cuag txoj kab "sab hnub poob - sab hnub tuaj" rau 140 (raws li lwm qhov chaw - 160) mais, qhov nruab nrab dav yog 40 km, thaj tsam ntawm array yog li 4000 km 2.
Ciam teb ntawm sab qaum teb Rudogorye khiav raws tus dej Gron, sab qab teb - raws tus dej Ipel. Cov toj roob hauv pes yog reminiscent ntawm Czech-German Ore Toj siab. Lub ncov yog feem ntau maj mam, qee zaum nrog taw qhia cov seem, cov slopes smoothly tig mus rau hauv hav. Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog Mount Stolitsa (1476 m) thiab Mount Polyana (1468 m).
Nature
Cov roob yog tsim los ntawm ob qho tib si muaj zog crystalline thiab limestone pob zeb raug tsim karst. Nyob rau hauv lub XIV-XIX centuries, lub cheeb tsam yog ib tug loj metallurgical chaw. Ntawm nomined antimony, tooj liab, hlau, kub. Txog niaj hnub no, feem ntau ntawm cov hlau ore deposits tau depleted, tab sis cov extraction ntawm non-metallic minerals tseem: magnesites, talc thiab lwm yam.
Xwm yog ib yam ntawm cov roob roob hauv Central Europe. Nyob rau sab qaum teb, qhov chaw txias dua, cov hav zoov coniferous loj tuaj. Deciduous hom predominate nyob rau yav qab teb sawv daws yuav: beech, tshauv, hornbeam, Oak thiab lwm yam. Muaj peb Lub Chaw Ua Si Hauv Tebchaws ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Slovak Ore Toj siab:
- "Slovak Paradise".
- "Slovak Karst".
- "Murano Plateau".
Caucasus
Lub roob Caucasus kuj qee zaum hu ua ore roob. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseem ceeb mineral reserves. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm thaj av yog qhov sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov ntxhia hauv cov chaw uas cov pob zeb tsis muaj zog.
Lub roob Caucasus yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv ore minerals, vim hais tias muaj zog tectonic txheej txheem tau tshwm sim (thiab tam sim no tshwm sim) txij li thaum lub Paleozoic. Manganese yog mined hauv Georgia (chiatura deposit). Loj deposits ntawm hlau tau pom nyob rau hauv Kabardino-Balkaria (Malkinskoye deposit), Azerbaijan (Dashkesanskoye), Armenia (Abovyanskoye, Razdanskoye). tungsten, tooj liab, mercury, zinc, cob alt, molybdenum, txhuas thiab lwm yam hlau kuj tseem mined.
