Thaum sib txuas lus, peb siv cov lus sib txawv, tsim ntau cov kab lus thiab kab lus. Thiab tsis tshua muaj leej twg xav txog qhov tseeb ntawm cov lus nws siv hauv nws qhov kev sib tham. Thaum hais lo lus no lossis lo lus ntawd, tsis yog txhua tus yuav xav txheeb xyuas seb nws yog dab tsi: lub npe, tus cwj pwm, lus qhia, lossis qee yam ntawm nws.
Nws txawv thaum koj yuav tsum txheeb ib kab lus hauv kev sau ntawv hauv tsev kawm. Ntawm no cov lus tau muab faib ua ntau pawg.
Ib feem ntawm kev hais lus yog dab tsi?
Txhua yam hauv ntiaj teb no muab faib ua ntau pawg. Yog li peb, tib neeg, tau siv los tso txhua yam "ntawm lub rhawv" kom tsis muaj ib qho kev xav ntawm kev kub ntxhov. Peb tau ua ib yam nrog kev tshawb fawb. Peb faib ntau yam khoom thiab tshwm sim rau hauv hom, hom, subtypes, thiab lwm yam. Tau kawg, qhov no yooj yim heev thaum txhua yam yog systematized.
Txoj hauv kev no tseem siv tau rau qee qhov ntawm kev hais lus. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv yog dab tsi? Cov no yog cov lus uas tau muab faib ua ntau pawg raws li cov yam ntxwv sib xws, morphological thiab syntactic. Yog li lawv yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus.(piv txwv li, lub npe, adjective, verb, thiab lwm yam). Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus yam ntxwv thiab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv cov kab lus.
Ib feem ntawm kev hais lus hauv Lavxias
Muaj kaum feem ntawm cov lus hais hauv tag nrho. Lawv tuaj yeem raug categorized. Qhov thib ib muaj xws li: lub npe (niam, khoom plig, hnub), ib lub npe (niam lub txiaj ntsim, hnub ci), tus lej (ib, thib ob, peb) thiab lub npe (nws, kuv, peb, peb tus kheej). Lawv xaiv ib yam khoom thiab nws cov paib.
Cov qeb tom ntej suav nrog cov lus qhia thiab cov lus qhia. Nws txhais cov kev nqis tes ua, cov khoom, lub cim ntawm kev ua.
Muaj qee qhov ntawm cov lus uas hu ua auxiliary (particle, preposition, union). Lawv txuas cov lus thiab ib feem ntawm kab lus. Lub particle muab ib tug semantic thiab lub siab xav load.
Raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, ntu ntawm kev hais lus (noun, adjective, verb, thiab lwm yam) muaj lawv tus yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kab lus.
Noun
nqe lus no yog dab tsi? Nws txhais tau hais tias xa mus rau ib qho khoom. Teb cov lus nug "leej twg" lossis "dab tsi". Piv txwv li: txiv, miv, TV, paj. Nws kuj teb lwm cov lus nug, nyob ntawm seb qhov declension rau rooj plaub thiab tus lej. Piv txwv li, "leej twg", "dab tsi" - ib tug neeg, ib tsob ntoo.
Nouns come in different genders (feminine: strength, will; masculine: ram, forest; nruab nrab: phuam, qhov rais; common: crybaby, kws kho mob).
Sib txawv ntawm cov lej (muaj cov lus thiab ntau ntau: phau ntawv -phau ntawv, huab - huab, tshis - tshis, rooj zaum - rooj zaum, ntoo - ntoo).
Muab faib ua animate (squirrel) and inanimate (stone). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem nyuaj heev los txiav txim siab seb hom npe twg yog lub npe. Cov lus qhia, adjective thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus tsis muab faib ua hom. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob ua yuam kev txawm hais tias ib qho khoom yog animate lossis tsis, koj yuav tsum kawm qee cov cai.
Yuav ua li cas yog adjective?
Zoo, zoo, zoo, meej - tag nrho cov no yog cov cim ntawm ib qho khoom. Cov lus no yog adjectives. Lawv teb lo lus nug "dab tsi".
Zoo li nouns, adjectives hloov los ntawm poj niam txiv neej: lub teeb, lub teeb, lub teeb (muaj peb hom: txiv neej - phem, poj niam - zoo, thiab nruab nrab - ntse); los ntawm tus lej: hom - hom; case: zoo, zoo, zoo., qhov rai) thiab muaj (qhia kev koom tes: cov viv ncaus, txiv, pog).
Peb kawm paub tias lub npe, lub npe yog dab tsi. Cov lus qhia yog ntu tom ntej ntawm kev hais lus yuav tsum tau hais hauv kab lus no.
kev qhia yog dab tsi?
Cov lus qhia txog kev ua uas teb cov lus nug "yuav ua li cas" - verbs. Lawv muaj cov cim ntawm tus lej (dhau - dhau), tus neeg, sijhawm(tau - Kuv ua - Kuv yuav ua), cog lus, mus ob peb vas (subjunctive), poj niam txiv neej (pom - pom)
Ntau yam tsis raug qhia txog tus lej ntawm kev hais lus ntawm Lavxias, muab qee cov lus. Nouns, adjectives, verbs yog ntau hom. Thiab qee tus coj cov tsiaj no rau nyias qhov kev hais lus. Cov tom kawg - verbs - muaj cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv, uas yog feem ntau pom tau tias yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus. Tom ntej no, peb yuav ua tib zoo saib me ntsis rau lawv.
Verb forms
Kev sib tham, koom nrog, ntau qhov pom tias yog cais ntawm kev hais lus. Tab sis qhov tseeb, lawv tsuas yog cov qauv ntawm cov lus qhia. Qhov kev koom tes qhia txog qhov kev txiav txim (xeev) ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm ib qho khoom uas hloov lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li: nyeem yawg. Ib tug gerund yog ib qho kev ua raws li ib qho kev qhia ntawm lwm qhov kev ua. Piv txwv li: hais, saib tom qab; tau saib rov qab.
Nws txawv nrog qhov tsis muaj tseeb. Nws feem ntau yog coj los ua ib daim ntawv qhia. Thiab lawv ua qhov yog. Nws tsis muaj cov cim qhia ntawm tus neeg, nruj, tus lej, kev cog lus, nrog rau kev xav thiab poj niam txiv neej. Piv txwv li: xav, nyeem, sau, khiav, pib.
Kev Sib Koom Tes muaj cov cim no. Nws zoo ib yam li tus cwj pwm rau ib qho lus, ib qho lus qhia. Ib qho adjective, kab lus noun yog tsim nrog kev pab ntawm cov khoom thiab lawv cov cwj pwm. Cov koom tes qhia txog qhov kev ua (xeev) ua ib qho kev kos npe ntawm ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv raws sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv no, nws txawv ntawm lub npe ntawm adjective, uas nws kuj yog qee zaum tsis meej pem.
Kev sib tham tuaj yeem ua tau tiag (kev nqis tes uatau cog lus los ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom ntawm lub cim, piv txwv li, tus menyuam yaus ua si) thiab tsis muaj zog (ib qho cim uas tshwm sim vim qhov cuam tshuam rau nws cov cab kuj, piv txwv li, tsim txom cov neeg tawg rog).
Dab tsi yog adverb?
Ib feem tom ntej ntawm kev hais lus, qhia txog qhov cim ntawm qhov kev ua, ib yam khoom, yog qhov zoo - hloov tsis tau. Qhov no yog ib qho adverb. Feem ntau nws yog hais txog cov lus qhia, qhia txog kev ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li: hais maj mam, saib zoo siab heev. Tsis tas li ntawd feem ntau lub adverb denotes ib tug kos npe rau ntawm ib tug kos npe rau (piv txwv li: brightly pleev xim rau ob lub qhov muag, ib tug heev txawv txawv zajlus), tsis tshua muaj - cov cim ntawm ib yam khoom (piv txwv li: kauj ruam tom ntej, nyeem nrov nrov).
Ntau qhov kev hais lus tau muab faib ua ntau hom. Piv txwv li, noun, adjective, verb. Lub adverb muab faib ua pawg. Muaj rau tag nrho.
- Adverbs of yam. Lawv teb cov lus nug "yuav ua li cas", "yuav ua li cas". Piv txwv li: pw tsis zoo, ua noj sai, caij tsheb, nyob ua ke.
- Adverbs of time ("thaum"). Piv txwv li: kawm nag hmo, sawv ntxov hnub no, tawm mus thaum sawv ntxov, rov qab los yav tsaus ntuj, caij ntuj sov, caij ntuj no, tshwm sim hnub ua ntej, Kuv so tam sim no, thiab lwm yam.
- Adverbs ntawm qhov chaw teb cov lus nug: "qhov twg", "los ntawm qhov twg", "qhov twg". Piv txwv li: nyob ntawm no, mus qhov ntawd, tawm ntawm no.
- Adverb of degree and action ("ntau npaum li cas", "ntau npaum li cas"). Qhov no suav nrog cov lus xws li ntau, tsawg, ob zaug, heev, heev, thiab lwm yam.
- Adverbs ntawm laj thawj teb cov lus nug "vim li cas" thiab"vim" yog qeb tom ntej. Nws muaj xws li cov lus ruam, rashly.
- Cov lus qhia ntawm lub hom phiaj, teb cov lus nug "rau lub hom phiaj", "rau dab tsi". Piv txwv li: tshuaj lom ntawm lub hom phiaj, framed tawm ntawm site, sab laug ntawm lub hom phiaj.
Zoo kawg
Nyob rau hauv kab lus no peb tau txiav txim siab qee qhov ntawm kev hais lus: npe, adjective, verb thiab adverb. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus yam ntxwv thiab cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov kab lus, uas yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li tseem ceeb thiab tsim nyog. Lawv raug hu ua ib feem ntawm kev hais lus rau ib qho laj thawj. Cov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub tswv yim, yam tsis muaj qhov nws tsis muaj.
