Lub sijhawm xyoo pua 19th, ntau qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Russia. Lub sijhawm no puas xyoo, ntau tus huab tais tau hloov pauv hauv lub xeev. Yog hais tias thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th Paul kuv txiav txim, ces thaum kawg nws twb yog Nicholas II. Lub sijhawm no, kev ua qhev tau raug tshem tawm, thiab huab tais huab tais tsis muaj zog heev uas cov tswv yim hauv tebchaws tau pib muaj koob meej ntau dua, uas tau tso cai rau Bolsheviks los ua hwj chim thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo tom ntej. Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, kev tsov kev rog ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th nyob rau hauv Russia kuj tau ua rau poob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm lub dynasty kav. Nyob rau hauv ib co ntawm lawv, lub xeev tswj kom yeej, nyob rau hauv lwm tus neeg nws yuav tsum raug kev txom nyem swb. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm lawv, nws raug kev puas tsuaj loj rau tib neeg thiab khoom siv.
Tsov rog ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th hauv Russia: prehistory
Lub xyoo pua hauv nqe lus nug tau tshwm sim los ntawm ntau qhov kev xav thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb theem. Qhov nruj tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm no yog kev sib raug zoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nrogQaib ntxhw. Txhua lub xeev tau nrhiav kev nthuav dav nws thaj av thiab hiav txwv ciam teb. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua no, Russia tau tswj los ua ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb arena. Cov xeev nyob sab Europe tau pib saib nws nce ntxiv thiab ze dua.
Yog vim li cas rau kev tawm tsam
Kev xav txog kev tsov kev rog ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th hauv Russia tso cai rau koj nkag siab txog txoj cai txawv tebchaws ntawm lub tebchaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Lub sijhawm no, lub tebchaws tau tswj hwm los koom nrog ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb thoob ntiaj teb. Muaj 15 tsov rog ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th nyob rau hauv Russia. Ntawm cov no, nws tau swb nyob rau hauv peb. Cov no yog tsov rog ntawm Peb thiab Plaub Coalitions. Thawj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1805, qhov thib ob - nyob rau hauv 1806-1807. Qhov thib peb swb yog Crimean War. Nws kav los ntawm 1853 txog 1856. Muaj kev kos hauv Anglo-Russian tsov rog. Yog li, xyoo pua 19th tau ua tiav zoo rau Russia.
Kev ua tiav hauv luv
Lub sijhawm no, peb lub tebchaws yeej 11 tsov rog. Ntawm lawv:
- Russian-Persian tsov rog. Nws kav los ntawm 1804 txog 1813. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los txhawb txoj haujlwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws hauv Transcaucasus. Thaum tsov rog, muaj kev sib cav sib ceg ntev ntawm ob sab hauv Northern Azerbaijan. Nws xaus nrog kev kos npe ntawm Gulistan Peace Treaty.
- Russian-Turkish tsov rog ntawm 1806-1812 Ib ntu uas tsim nyog yuav muab rau nws.
- Russian-Swedish tsov rog. Nws kav ob xyoos - los ntawm 1808 txog 1809. Nws tseem muaj nyob rau hauv ib nqe lus hauv qab no ntawm kab lus no.
- Tsov Rog Zaum Thib Tsib. Nws tshwm sim hauv 1809.
- Kev tsov kev rog1812. Yog li ntawd, Napoleon cov tub rog tau xyaum ua kom puas tsuaj. Nws yog lub sijhawm nws qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua nto moo ntawm Borodino tshwm sim.
- Tsov Rog Zaum XNUMX. Nws tshwm sim xyoo 1813-1814.
- Russian-Persian tsov rog. Nws tau txuas nrog qhov xav tau los tawm tsam qhov kev ua phem uas tshwm sim los ntawm Askiv. Xaus nrog kev kos npe ntawm Turkmenchay kev sib haum xeeb treaty.
- Russian-Turkish tsov rog. Nws kav los ntawm 1828 txog 1829. Russia nrhiav kev ntxiv dag zog rau nws txoj haujlwm hauv thaj av Balkan thiab tsim kev tswj hwm ntawm Bosphorus thiab Dardanelles.
- Polish Uprising ntawm 1830. Nws yog qee zaum hu ua Lavxias Civil War ntawm xyoo pua 19th. Yog li ntawd, lub tebchaws Polish tau tshaj tawm tias yog ib feem ntawm Russia. Lub teb chaws liberation zog nyob rau hauv Right-Bank Ukraine raug txwv.
- Polish Uprising ntawm 1863. Lub gentry tsis zoo siab rau qhov kev txiav txim tsim los ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub qub teb chaws ntawm lub Commonwe alth. Kev tawm tsam kuj raug muab tso tseg. Txoj cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tau dhau los ua ntau tshaj tawm tsam Polish. Kev tua thiab kev tawm tsam raug siv tawm tsam cov neeg ntxeev siab.
- Russian-Turkish tsov rog. Nws kav los ntawm 1877 txog 1878. Russia tau nrhiav kom rov qab nws lub hwj chim rau Turkey. Nws xaus nrog kev kos npe ntawm Kev Thaj Yeeb ntawm Saint Stephen. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau hloov kho los ntawm Berlin Congress tsis pom zoo rau Russia, txawm hais tias tom kawg yeej ua tsov rog.
1806-1812
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm thawj kev ua tsov rog Lavxias-Turkish yog los txhawb txoj haujlwm hauv Transcaucasus thiab thaj av Balkan. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov ua txhaum caiOttoman Empire npaj rau kev txav mus los hauv tub ceev xwm hauv Wallachia thiab Moldavia. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev hem thawj ntawm kev cuam tshuam los ntawm Napoleonic tub rog. Tag nrho cov no ua rau lub fact tias Russia yuav tsum tau sai sai daws qhov teeb meem nrog rau yav qab teb av. Nyob rau hauv 1806, Russia nyob ob peb lub fortresses Turkish tsis muaj kev sib ntaus thiab yeej lub nkoj. Xyoo 1809, thawj zaug sim ua kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov xwm txheej tsis txaus siab rau Alexander I. Yog li ntawd, kev tsov rog txuas ntxiv mus. Kutuzov tswj kom yeej nws. Lavxias teb sab-Turkish tsov rog ntawm 1806-1812 xaus nrog kev kos npe ntawm Bucharest kev thaj yeeb treaty nrog lub teb chaws Ottoman. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau luv luv.
Tam sim no xyoo 1828, Sublime Porte tshaj tawm tias nws tsis nyob ntawm Russia lawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau hais tias nws txwv tsis pub tom kawg nkag mus rau Bosphorus. Txij li thaum cov tub rog Lavxias nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd nyob hauv Bessarabia, thawj qhov kev tawm tsam tau pib muaj. Thiab dua cov Russians yeej. Tab sis qhov no tsis tau txwv lub teb chaws Ottoman los ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshiab nrog lawv.
Russian-Swedish tsov rog ntawm 1808-1809
Txhua tog tau nrhiav kev tswj hwm lub Gulf of Finland thiab Gulf of Bothnia. Qhov no yog qhov kawg ntawm Russo-Swedish tsov rog. Hauv nws, Russia tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov xeev xws li Fabkis thiab Denmark. Nws kav rau lub hlis thiab peb lub lis piam. Lub Friedrichsham Peace Treaty tau ruaj ntseg thaj chaw tshiab rau Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Nws suav nrog Grand Duchy ntawm Finland.
