Antonyms yog cov lus sib txawv ntawm lub suab thiab muaj lub ntsiab lus sib txawv: dag - qhov tseeb, phem - zoo, ntsiag to - hais. Piv txwv ntawm antonyms qhia tias lawv hais txog tib yam ntawm kev hais lus.
Antonymy hauv Lavxias yog qhov nqaim dua li cov lus sib dhos. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb hais tias tsuas yog cov lus uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo (zoo - phem, haiv neeg - neeg txawv teb chaws, ntse - ruam, ntom - tsawg, siab - qis), lub cev (hnub - hmo ntuj, ntxov - lig), quantitative (ib leeg - ntau, ntau - ob peb), spatial (dav - cramped, loj - me, dav - nqaim, siab - qis) nta.
Muaj antonymic khub denoting lub npe ntawm lub xeev, ua. Piv txwv ntawm cov lus hais ntawm no: zoo siab - tu siab, quaj - luag.
Hom thiab piv txwv ntawm antonyms hauv Lavxias
Antonyms raug faib raws li lawv cov qauv rau hauv heterogeneous (tag kis - yav tsaus ntuj) thiab tib lub hauv paus (nkag - tawm). Qhov opposite yib lub hauv paus antonyms yog tshwm sim los ntawm prefixes. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev ntxiv cov lus ua ntej yam tsis muaj -, tsis yog - rau adverbs thiab zoo adjectives feem ntau muab lawv lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib tug tsis muaj zog opposite (siab - qis), yog li qhov sib piv ntawm lawv lub ntsiab lus yog "muted" (tsawg - qhov no. tsis txhais hais tias "qis"). Raws li qhov no, tsis yog tag nrho cov ntawv sau ua ntej tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov lus tsis sib xws, tab sis tsuas yog cov uas yog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm lexical paradigm: muaj zog - tsis muaj zog, tsis zoo - tsis muaj mob, ua tiav - tsis tiav.
Antonyms, as Well as synonyms, are closely related to polysemy: khoob - loj (sib tham); khoob - tag nrho (khob); khoob - nthuav qhia (saib); npliag - meaningful (zaj dab neeg). Piv txwv ntawm antonyms qhia tau hais tias txawv lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "nplua" muaj nyob rau hauv sib txawv antonymic khub. Cov lus muaj txiaj ntsig ib leeg, nrog rau cov lus uas muaj lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb (iambic, cwj mem, lub rooj, phau ntawv sau, thiab lwm yam) tsis tuaj yeem muaj cov lus sib txawv.
Muaj nyob ntawm cov lus qhia thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm enantiosemy yog kev txhim kho ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, rov qab lub ntsiab lus ntawm qee lo lus polysemantic: nqa (mus rau hauv chav tsev, nqa) - nqa (tawm ntawm chav tsev, tshem tawm); abandoned (ib kab lus nyuam qhuav hais) - tso tseg (tso tseg, tsis nco qab). Lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv xws li mob yog teev nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus teb. Enantiosemy feem ntau yog qhov ua rau tsis meej pem hauv qee qhov kev qhia. Piv txwv ntawm antonyms ntawm hom no: nws mloog cov lus ceeb toom; tus thawj coj tau tshuaj xyuas cov kab no.
Cov ntsiab lus antonyms: piv txwv thiab txhais
Cov ntsiab lus antonyms yog cov lus uas tawm tsam hauv ib lub ntsiab lus: lub hli - hnub ci; tsis yog niam, tab sis ib tug ntxhais; ib hnub - tag nrho lub neej; hma yog yaj. Qhov polarity ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus no tsis raug kho, thiab lawv qhov kev tawm tsam yog kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus neeg sau. Tus kws sau ntawv hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no nthuav tawm qhov zoo sib xws ntawm ntau lub tswv yim thiab sib txawv hauv kev hais lus. Txawm li cas los xij, ob lo lus no tsis yog antonyms.
