Bengali, tseem hu ua Bengali, Bangla, Bangla-bhasa, belongs rau pawg sab hnub tuaj ntawm Indo-Aryan ceg ntawm tsev neeg Indo-European lus. Zoo li Assamese, nws yog sab hnub tuaj tshaj ntawm txhua hom lus Indo-European. Cov Bengalis lawv tus kheej hu nws "Bangla", uas txhais tau tias "qis".
Cov yawg koob ncaj ntawm cov lus Bengali yog Prakrit thiab Sanskrit. Tag nrho cov neeg hais lus Bengali thoob ntiaj teb yog 189 lab, ua rau nws yog xya tus neeg hais lus tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb tom qab Suav, Mev, Askiv, Hindi, Arabic thiab Portuguese.
Bengali hais nyob qhov twg?
- Bangladesh. Bengali yog lub teb chaws hom lus ntawm Bangladesh. Ntawm no, Bengali yog hom lus ntawm 106 lab tus tib neeg, thiab lwm 20 lab tus tib neeg hauv lub tebchaws no kuj hais tau.
- India. Bengali yog ib qho ntawm 23 hom lus ntawm Is Nrias teb. Ntawm no nws yog hom lus thib ob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tom qab Hindi, nws tau hais los ntawm 82.5 lab tus neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws. Nws yog official nyob rau hauv peb lub xeev ntawm Is Nrias teb: West Bengal, Tripur thiab Assam. Ntxiv rau cov xeev no, Bengali tau hais hauv Jharkhand, Janbad, Manbhum, Singbhum, Santal Pargana, Orissa,Bihar thiab Goalpare.
Dhau li ntawm cov tebchaws saum toj no, Bengali tau hais hauv Nepal thiab Pakistan. Cov neeg hais lus Bengali kuj pom muaj nyob hauv Middle East, Europe, USA thiab Canada.
Zaj lus
Colloquial Bengali tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li kev sau ntawm cov lus sib txawv, qee qhov txawv ntawm ib leeg. Tus qauv qauv ntawm Bengali hais lus nyob rau hauv Bangladesh thiab West Bengal yog raws li West Central cov lus hais los ntawm cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm Calcutta thaum ntxov li 19th caug xyoo. Feem ntau cov neeg uas hais lus Bengali paub thiab siv ob hom lus sib tham thiab cov lus ntawm lawv cheeb tsam.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ob hom kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ib sab hauv Bengali: kev saib xyuas, kev sau ntawv zoo heev tau txais los ntawm Sanskrit, nrog rau cov lus tsis raug cai niaj hnub.
qauv sau ntawv
Ib kab lus yooj yim hauv Bengali feem ntau muaj cov qauv hauv qab no: subject-object-verb. Hauv lub sijhawm tam sim no, qhov tsis zoo yog muab tso rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kab lus. Lub copula lossis verb txuas cov ntsiab lus thiab cov lus qhia feem ntau raug tshem tawm. Muaj 10 qhov lus qhia tenses (feem ntau, muaj 3 ntawm lawv, tab sis lawv muab faib ua cov ntawv sib cais), 6 rooj plaub, 2 lub siab xav (qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhia), muaj lub ntsej muag (tus neeg thib 1, thib 2 thiab thib 3 tau hais los ntawm rau daim ntawv., vim tias muaj hom chaw nyob thiab tsis raug cai), tsis muaj grammatical poj niam txiv neej. Adjectives feem ntau tsis hloov raws li tus lej lossis rooj plaub.
Kev sau ntawv
BengaliKev sau ntawv keeb kwm nyob rau hauv Brahmi, ib qho ntawm ob hom kev sau ntawv Indian thaum ub, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm nws ntau yam sab hnub tuaj. Cov ntawv Bengali ua raws li txoj kab sib txawv ntawm kev txhim kho dua li cov ntawv Devanagari thiab Oriya, txawm li cas los xij, qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov ntawv Bengali thiab Assamese yog qhov zoo ib yam. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th AD, cov tsiaj ntawv Bengali tau tsim muaj, txawm hais tias qee qhov kev hloov pauv tau txuas ntxiv mus txog rau xyoo pua 16th, thiab nyob rau xyoo pua 19th, ntau qhov kev hloov kho tau ua rau lub hom phiaj.
Bengali yog sau los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis. Tsis muaj cov tsiaj ntawv loj. Tsab ntawv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm ntau qhov kev sib txuas, ntau yam txav mus los ntawm kab rov tav. Tag nrho tab sis ib qho ntawm cov cim cim yog los ntawm Askiv xyoo pua 19th.
Bengali kev sau ntawv tau ntau dua lossis tsawg dua tus qauv los ntawm kev hloov kho pib los ntawm University of Calcutta hauv xyoo 1936. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txheej txheem txheej txheem txuas ntxiv mus ntev, mus txog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st. Piv txwv li, Bangla Academy hauv Dhaka yog coj los ntawm 1936 kev hloov pauv hauv kev sau ntawv, thaum lub tsev kawm ntawv Bangla hauv West Bengal tau npaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm nws tus kheej. Vishwa Bharati University, tsim los ntawm Bengali kws sau paj lug thiab Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, kuj siv ntau yam ntawm nws tus kheej sau ntawv. Thaum kawg, qee cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm kuj siv lawv tus kheej lub koom haum. Tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, qhov kev ua no los ntawm ntau lub koom haum tau tsim qee qhov tsis meej pem.
Glossary
lusBengaliyog ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm cov lus haiv neeg Bengali thiab qiv los ntawm Sanskrit thiab lwm yam lus nyob sib ze xws li Hindi, Assamese, Suav, Burmese thiab qee cov lus hauv paus txawm Austroasiatic ntawm Bangladesh. Keeb kwm ntawm kev cuam tshuam los ntawm Persia thiab Middle East tau coj mus rau ntau qhov qiv nyiaj los ntawm Turkish, Arabic thiab Persian. Thiab European colonization coj qiv los ntawm Askiv, Portuguese, Fabkis thiab Dutch rau hauv hom lus.
| ei je, nomosker, assalumu alyikum | |
| uas | |
| ua tsaug | dho nyobad |
| māf korben | |
| Yes | ha |
| No | na |
| txiv neej | |
| Poj niam | nari, mohila |
Cov lus saum toj no yog ob peb lo lus los pab koj tham yooj yim hauv Bengali.
