Danish ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog kev kov yeej zoo ntawm Vikings. Cov cuab yeej cuab tam zoo ntawm lub teb chaws - uas yog lub npe tsis hais nws dais. Ntau hom lus, nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ncauj thiab kev hais lus, ntawm ib sab, ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev kawm, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, nyiam ntau thiab ntau tus neeg uas xav kawm Danish. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nws qee zaum suab monotonous thiab qeeb, Danes txaus siab rau nws thiab xav tias nws yog mos thiab sensual.
keeb kwm
Cov lus ntawm Denmark tau muab cais ua hom lus German thiab yog hom lus hauv tebchaws. Nws pib tsim nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, nws tau ua ke ntau yam lus Scandinavian, thiab tseem poob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Low German dialects. Pib txij thaum xyoo pua 17th, nws pib nqus cov lus los ntawm Fab Kis, thiab tom qab me ntsis los ntawm lus Askiv. Danish muaj yav dhau los nplua nuj. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias lub hauv paus chiv keeb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub III xyoo txhiab BC, qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm cov ancient runes pom tom qab nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws. Danish belongs rau cov lus qub Norse. Nyob rau lub sijhawm thaum Viking tsiv teb tsaws pib, nws tau muab faib ua ob ntu: East Scandinavian thiab West Scandinavian. Los ntawm thawj pab pawgTom qab ntawd Danish thiab Swedish tau tsim, thiab los ntawm qhov thib ob - Icelandic thiab Norwegian.
Kev sau Danish yog ua raws li Latin, los ntawm cov lus tau suav nrog qee cov ntawv. Ua ntej nws, runes tau siv, uas tau los ua thawj zaug sau ntawv ntawm lub teb chaws no. Lo lus "rune" los ntawm Old Norse txhais tau tias "kev paub zais cia". Nws zoo li Danes tias kev xa xov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov cim yog nyob rau hauv qee txoj kev zoo ib yam li kev ua yeeb yam. Cov pov thawj yog yuav luag magicians, txij li thaum lawv tsuas paub siv lawv li cas. Lawv siv runes hauv kev kwv yees txoj hmoo thiab ua rituals. Qhov no ua tau vim tias txhua tus rune muaj nws lub npe, thiab lub ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb tau muab rau nws. Txawm hais tias linguists muaj kev xav txawv. Lawv xav tias cov ntaub ntawv no tau qiv los ntawm Sanskrit.
thaj chaw faib khoom
Qhov chaw faib khoom tseem ceeb ntawm Danish yog Canada, Denmark, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Sweden, Faroe Islands thiab Greenland. Cov lus yog ib txwm nyob rau ntau dua 5 lab tus tib neeg thiab yog qhov thib ob feem ntau hauv pawg Scandinavian cov lus. Txog thaum nruab nrab-40s, nws tau ua haujlwm hauv Norway thiab Iceland. Nws yog tam sim no kawm los ntawm Icelandic cov menyuam kawm ntawv raws li qhov yuav tsum tau thib ob. Leej twg paub ib hom lus nyob sab Europe yuav pom nws yooj yim dua los kawm Danish vim muaj kev cuam tshuam loj ntawm cov lus German rau nws.
Tam sim no, Danish raug kev hem thawj. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov lus Scandinavian yog nrov heev thiab xws li ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg hais lawv,Kev hais lus Askiv ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv loj hauv lawv cov qauv. Raws li rau Denmark, qhov tseeb yog tias ntau phau ntawv tau luam tawm ntawm no ua lus Askiv. Cov khoom lag luam kuj tau tshaj tawm hauv hom lus no. Cov lus qhia hauv tsev kawm ntawv nyiam qhia rau nws, thiab lawv kuj sau cov lus qhia txog kev tshawb fawb. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Denmark muaj Danish Language Council, uas nws cov tswv cuab tau suab lub tswb. Yog tias tsis muaj kev nqis tes ua, Danish tsuas yog ploj mus hauv ob peb lub xyoo lawm.
yam ntxwv ntawm hom lus
Pab pawg Scandinavian cov lus suav nrog Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish thiab Danish. Cov tom kawg yog yooj yim hloov dua li lwm tus. Nws yog vim qhov tshwm sim no uas Danish nyuaj rau kev nkag siab thiab kawm. Nws yog qhov yooj yim heev rau Norwegians, Swedes thiab Danes kom nkag siab ib leeg vim yog niam txiv hom lus. Ntau lo lus hauv kev hais lus ntawm cov neeg no zoo ib yam, thiab ntau zaus rov hais dua yam tsis hloov lawv lub ntsiab lus. Los ntawm kev ua kom yooj yim lub morphology ntawm Danish, nws cov qauv ua zoo ib yam li cov lus Askiv.
Zaj lus
Raws li xyoo 1000, hom lus no muaj qee qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv uas tau txais thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, thiab nws tau muab faib ua peb ceg: Skoyan, Zeelandic thiab Jutlandic. Cov lus Danish yog ntau hom lus. Danish ua ke ntau ntawm insular (Zelandic, Fynian), Jutlandic (sab qaum teb, sab hnub poob) lus. Txawm tias muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj, cov lus sau tau tsim los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Nws yog raws li lus Zeelandic. Dialects yog hais los ntawm cov neeg uas feem ntau nyob hauv cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog.thaj av. Tag nrho cov adverbs txawv ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv cov lus siv thiab grammatically. Muaj ntau lo lus uas hais nyob rau hauv lub dialects tsis paub rau cov neeg uas tau ntev lawm accustomed mus rau lub niaj zaus literary norm.
Ntawv
Cov tsiaj ntawv Danish muaj 29 tsab ntawv, ntau ntawm lawv tsis pom hauv Lavxias, yog li lawv cov lus yuav tsum tau npaj qee yam.
| Capital | Small | Kev txhais lus | Yuav nyeem li cas |
| A | a | a | hey |
| B | b | be | bi |
| C | c | se | si |
| D | d | de | di |
| E | e | e | thiab |
| F | f | æf | eff |
| G | g | ge | ge |
| H | h | hå | xy |
| I | i | i | thiab |
| J | j | jåd | yol |
| K | k | kå | ku (aspirated) |
| L | l | æl | |
| M | m | awm | um |
| N | æn | en | |
| O | o | o | o |
| P | p | pe | pi |
| Q | q | ku | ku |
| R | r | ær | er (p is NW nyuam qhuav hais) |
| S | s | æs | es |
| T | t | te | tee |
| U | u | u | y |
| V | v | ve | vi |
| W | w | dobbelt-ve | ob V |
| X | x | æks | ex |
| Y | y | y | yu (ib yam ntawm koj thiab koj) |
| Z | z | sæt | set |
| Æ | æ | æ | e |
| Ø | ø | ø | yo (ib yam ntawm o thiab yo) |
| Å | å | å | o (qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm o thiab y) |
hais lus
Cov Danes hu nws "cov lus zoo tshaj plaws". Danish yog qhov tsis zoo rau nws lub suab nyuaj vim muaj ntau cov lus mos mos uas qee zaum hais lus nyuaj dhau. Yog li ntawd, cov lus suab txawv kiag li uas lawv tau sau. Tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem hnov qhov sib txawv ntawm cov lus. Lawv tuaj yeem ntev, luv, qhib lossis kaw. "Push" yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas qhia cov lus no. Danish tej zaum yuav tsis zoo li qhov tseeb vim qhov tshwm sim no. Qhov tseeb yog tias lub laub ploj lawm hauv ntau hom lus. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev cuam tshuam luv luv ntawm huab cua kwj thaum lub suab ntawm ib lo lus. Nws tsis yog cim rau ntawm tsab ntawv. Hauv Lavxias, qhov tshwm sim no tuaj yeem pom thaum hais lo lus "tsis yog". Cov Danes lawv tus kheej tsis tas yuav siv nws kom raug, thiab qhov no ua rau cov lus Danish txawm tsis meej pem.
qauv sau ntawv
Tsis yog txhua haiv neeg tuaj yeem khav tau tias nws muaj keeb kwm nplua nuj. Cov qauv ntawm qee yam lus niaj hnub no tau sau los ntawm cov lus zoo Scandinavian. Cov lus Danish muaj cov kab lus hauv cov qauv ntawm nws cov kab lus. Ntau lub npe tuaj yeem yog ob tug poj niam txiv neej ib zaug, thiab lawv cov qauv tsis hloov pauv kiag li. Adjectives pom zoo nrog cov npe hauv tus lej thiab poj niam txiv neej. Kev muab yog feem ntau yog ob feem. Lo lus txiav txim hauv kab lus tuaj yeem yog ncaj qha lossis thim rov qab. Direct lo lus txiav txim yog siv nyob rau hauv declarative kab lus, interrogative, qhov twg cov interrogative lo lus ua es tsis txhob ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Cov lus thim rov qab tuaj yeem siv tau ob qho tib si hauv kab lus tshaj tawm, thiab hauv cov lus nug thiab lus txhawb siab.
Morphology
Nouns hauv Danish muaj poj niam txiv neej, naj npawb thiab rooj plaub, thiab ib tsab xov xwm. Lub tom kawg qhia tus naj npawb thiab poj niam txiv neej ntawm lub npe. Nws muaj ntau tus lej thiab tus lej, thiab poj niam txiv neej tuaj yeem ua tau zoo thiab tsis sib xws. Ib qho adjective tuaj yeem yog qhov tseeb lossis tsis paub meej. Yog hais tias lub adjective yog indefinite, nws pom zoo nrog lub npe nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb thiab poj niam txiv neej. Cov lus qhia muaj nruj, lub suab thiab lub siab xav. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 8 tense pawg nyob rau hauv Danish, 2 ntawm uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub neej yav tom ntej tense, 2 - rau yav tom ntej nyob rau hauv yav tas los, tam sim no, tam sim no tiav, yav dhau los thiab ntev dhau los.
Qhov xaus thiab hloov cov hauv paus vowels koom nrog cov lus tsim cov npe. Kev sib xyaw yog txoj hauv kev tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim cov lus. Tseem ua tautshwm sim los ntawm kev ntxiv suffixes rau hauv paus, tshem tawm suffixes los yog converting. Nws yooj yim los tsim cov tswv yim tshiab hauv Danish.
