Moscow Kremlin yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev tsis yog hauv Russia nkaus xwb, tab sis thoob plaws Europe. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Moskva River, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub capital ntawm Russia. Lub ntsiab cathedral ntawm Moscow Kremlin yog hu ua Assumption Cathedral. Nws yog hais txog nws uas yuav tau tham hauv peb tsab xov xwm.
Assumption Cathedral - lub ntsiab cathedral ntawm Kremlin
Nyob hauv ib lub tebchaws, lawv sim ua tib zoo tiv thaiv cov monuments uas muaj keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai tseem ceeb. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv tseem ua haujlwm niaj hnub no. Lub tsev teev ntuj Assumption, lub ntsiab cathedral ntawm Moscow Kremlin, tsis muaj kev zam.
Raws li rov qab mus txog 1326, thawj lub tsev pob zeb ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj majestic tau tsim tsa ntawm Moscow Square. Kev tsim kho tau ua raws li kev saib xyuas ntawm Metropolitan St. Peter raws li kev txiav txim ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv John Kalita. Muaj ib qho version uas ib lub tsev teev ntuj ntoo yav tas los nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus.
Lub tsev teev ntuj tseem ceeb ntawm Moscow Kremlin - nws yog dab tsi, thiab hnub no zoo li cas? Xav paub ntau ntxiv tom qab.
Txhob thiab tsim lub thaj neeb
Lub Cathedral tseem ceeb ntawm Moscow Kremlinhu ua Uspensky. Kev tsim kho ntawm lub tuam tsev no yog ib qho kev tshwm sim tseem ceeb, vim hais tias Moscow tau tshaj tawm lub nroog lub nroog. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm thiab keeb kwm ntawm cov txiv plig, nws tau paub tias Assumption Cathedral yog thawj lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Moscow, uas tau los ua lub tuam tsev tseem ceeb ntawm Russia, yog li ua ib kauj ruam siab dua lub Koom Txoos Vladimir.
Nyob rau xyoo 1327, thaum kev tsim kho tiav thiab kev pabcuam los saum ntuj los pib muaj nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, Lub Nroog Petus tau ncaim lub ntiaj teb kev txhaum no mus so hauv lub tuam tsev nyob rau sab qaum teb. Qhov chaw faus neeg nyob ze ntawm lub thaj.
Church rebuilding
Yog li, lub Koom Txoos Assumption tau dhau los ua lub tsev teev ntuj tseem ceeb ntawm Moscow Kremlin. Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, Ivan Vasilyevich, Lavxias teb sab tub huabtais, uas tswj tag nrho cov thawj tswj hwm, pib lub restructuring ntawm lub Assumption Cathedral, yog li tsim ib tug tshiab chaw nyob.
Los ntawm 1472, kev sib cais ntawm lub tuam tsev tiav lawm. Rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev tshiab, zoo nkauj dua ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, cov kws kos duab paub zoo Myshkin thiab Krivtsov raug caw. Tab sis lub tuam tsev tsis yog lub hom phiaj kom sawv ntsug ntev, thiab nws tau tawg. Kev tsim kho tsis tau xaus rau ntawd, txawm hais tias qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws tuaj yeem ua rau qee qhov kev xav. Tus tub huabtais ntiav tus kws tshaj lij Italian zoo tshaj plaws, Aristotle Fiorovanti.
Kev tsim kho lub tsev tshiab tau siv sijhawm plaub xyoos, siv cov duab kos ntawm Vladimir Cathedral. Thiab txij li xyoo 1479, ib qho ntawm cov monuments loj tshaj plaws tau tsim tsa ntawm Moscow SquareCov ntseeg Vajtswv, uas tau los ua qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm Kremlin. Kev fij ntawm lub tuam tsev, thiab cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog tsim nyog rau cov tuam tsev, tau ua haujlwm los ntawm lub nroog tshiab - Gerontius ntawm Moscow, tom qab ntawd, hauv kev nco txog thawj tus neeg dawb huv, relics ntawm Peter raug xa rov qab mus rau thaj chaw ntawm lub tuam tsev.
Tab sis tom qab ntawd, lub tuam tsev tsis nyob ib leeg, thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau haunted los ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Nyob rau hauv 1812, thaum lub Patriotic ua tsov ua rog nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias, lub tsev teev ntuj tau plundered los ntawm Napoleon cov tub rog. Ib nrab tswj kom rov qab tau cov tub sab nyiag rov qab, thiab cov chandelier yog ua los ntawm cov nyiaj, uas adorned lub nruab nrab ntawm lub tuam tsev.
Txoj hmoo ntawm lub thaj neeb nyob rau XIX-XX centuries
Lub tsev teev ntuj tseem ceeb ntawm Moscow Kremlin yog qhov loj tshaj plaws architectural monument ntawm European nplai. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm tsis tseg lub tsev no, dhau sijhawm nws pib maj mam tawg.
Kev kho dua tshiab tau pib nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th - thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cov kws tshaj lij tau pib kho thaj tsam thaj tsam, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov frescoes yos rov qab mus rau 15th-16th centuries tau pom. Kev kho dua tshiab ntawm lub tsev tau ua tiav ntau xyoo thiab ua tiav xyoo 1906.
Nyob rau xyoo 1917, tom qab cov xwm txheej tu siab ntawm Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, lub tsev teev ntuj tau hloov mus ua ib lub tsev khaws puav pheej, uas tau txais cov tsos ntawm ib pawg, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev khaws cia tag nrho ntawm sab hauv. Thaum ntawd, tag nrho cov paintings thiab icons tau qhib rau pej xeem. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, lub restoration hauj lwm tsis tau ua nyob rau hauv lub Assumption Cathedral. Thiab txij li xyoo 1990, cov suab nkauj tau nrov nyob hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tuam tsev, thiabcov kev pabcuam rov pib dua.
Lub Cathedral ntawm Moscow Kremlin: nta ntawm architecture
Tus kws kos duab nyiam Italian tau ua tiav cov duab ntawm Vladimir Assumption Cathedral. Ntawd yog, lub tsev yog lub tsev teev ntuj ntoo khaub lig, tab sis, ntawm qhov tod tes, tus kws kes duab vajtse tau ua qee qhov kev hloov kho uas tau tshem tawm ntawm tus qauv. Lub tsev teev ntuj tau ua los ntawm pob zeb dawb thiab yog ib qho qauv monolithic. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau piav txog lub tuam tsev li "ib pob zeb" uas lub tsev teev ntuj majestic loomed.
Lub tuam tsev yog pompous, solemn thiab dav, nws lub vault tau txhawb nqa los ntawm cov ncej puag ncig. Lub tsev tau tsim dav heev uas nws zoo nkaus li zoo li lub palace. Txawm hais tias niaj hnub no cov qauv, Assumption Cathedral ntawm Kremlin Square yog suav tias yog lub tsev muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws, thiab kev ua tiav yog qhov mob siab thiab nyuaj. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias yuav luag tag nrho cov tsev teev ntuj ntawm Russia tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov duab ntawm lub cathedral nyob rau hauv Moscow mus txog rau thaum lub xyoo pua 17th.
Kev piav qhia ntawm lub tuam tsev
Raws li tau hais los saum no, lub tsev teev ntuj tseem ceeb ntawm Moscow Kremlin yog cov qauv monolithic, uas tau muab faib ua 12 squares ntawm tib qhov loj los ntawm cov ncej-kem.
Nyob ntawm cov phab ntsa du ntawm lub tuam tsev, tsuas yog ib txoj siv-arcature sawv, nrog rau cov qhov rais nqaim elongated. Lub ntsiab cathedral ntawm Moscow Kremlin yog tsib-domed. Los ntawm sab qab teb thiab sab qaum teb, lub apses ntawm lub tsev yog npog nrog pylons.
Sab hauv ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj: paintings thiab frescoes
Kev tsim sab hauv kuj tau ua los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Txoj hauj lwm tsuas yog zoo kawg nkaus thiab ua tsis taus pa, thiab txawm tias niaj hnub no muaj qee qhov tawg nyob rau ntawm lub thaj thaiv. Cov feem ntau ancient frescoes hnub tim 1481 qhia txog cov hauj sam ascetic. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub fresco "Forty Martyrs of Sebaste", lub npe nrov "Adoration of the Magi" thiab lwm yam kev kos duab zoo nkauj yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm.
Cov duab tom ntej pom hnub rov qab mus rau 1513-1515. Yog tias koj saib ntawm lub vault ntawm lub tuam tsev, koj tuaj yeem pom cov duab saum ntuj, txhawb nqa los ntawm cov ncej nrog cov martyrs pleev xim rau lawv. Qhov kev sib koom ua ke no muaj cov cim cim, vim hais tias raws li cov ncej tuav lub vault, yog li ntawd cov martyrs txhawb kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv Tswv Yexus.
Txoj kev teeb tsa tag nrho ntawm cov duab kos ntawm Assumption Cathedral tau ua tib zoo xav thiab tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov duab nyob rau sab qis ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm xya lub tuam tsev Ecumenical yog qhov amazing tshaj plaws. Thiab, raws li kev lig kev cai, phab ntsa sab hnub poob yog dai kom zoo nkauj nrog Lub Xeem Txiav Txim Siab.
In xaus…
Lub tsev teev ntuj tseem ceeb ntawm Moscow Kremlin yog qhov kev xav - ib qho chaw zoo nkauj architectural ntawm XIV-XV centuries. Lub tuam tsev impresses coob tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi thiab cov neeg taug kev tsis tsuas yog nrog nws cov architecture, tab sis kuj nrog nws cov khoom zoo nkauj, tshwj xeeb sab hauv kho kom zoo nkauj.
