Tsev neeg lus Uralic yog tsev neeg hom lus txawv. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg hais lus nyob hauv pawg no yog kwv yees li nees nkaum tsib lab tus tib neeg, feem ntau nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm North-Western Europe.
xwm txheej ntawm cov lus Uralic
Cov lus Uralic tshaj plaws yog Hungarian, Finnish, Estonian, uas yog cov lus tseem ceeb hauv Hungary, Finland thiab Estonia, raws li, thiab hauv European Union. Lwm yam lus Uralic nrog cov neeg hais lus tseem ceeb yog Erzya, Moksha, Mari, Udmurt thiab Komi, uas tau lees paub hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm Russia.
Lub npe "Ural lus tsev neeg" los ntawm qhov tseeb tias thaj chaw uas cov lus no tau hais nyob rau ob sab ntawm lub roob Ural. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaj chaw nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Urals yog ib txwm suav tias yog nws lub tebchaws qub (lossis tsev neeg yawg koob).
Lo lus "Finno-Ugric lus" yog qee zaum siv los ua cov lus hais rau Uralic, txawm hais tias lawv tsuas yog ib feem ntawm tsev neeg hom lus no thiab tsis suav nrog cov lus Samoyedic. Cov kws tshawb fawb uas tsis lees txais cov kev xav ib txwm muaj uas yog cov lus SamoyedicCov txheej txheem ntawm Ural, qhia kom cais lawv los ntawm tsev neeg no. Piv txwv li, tus kws tshawb fawb Finnish Tapani Salminen txiav txim siab ob lo lus no yog cov lus sib piv.
Txiv ntawm tsev neeg cov lus Uralic
Uralic lus yog ib hom lus uas suav nrog ob ceg:
- Finno-Ugric;
- Samoyed.
Qhov ze ntawm Finno-Ugric thiab Samoyedic lus tau tsim los ntawm E. Setiala. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau los xaus txog qhov muaj nyob rau yav dhau los nyob deb ntawm Uralic lub hauv paus lus thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm Finno-Ugric thiab Samoyedic lus los ntawm nws. Txawm hais tias lo lus "Uralic languages" tau muaj nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb tau ntev, txoj kev kawm ntawm Finno-Ugric thiab Samoyed cov lus feem ntau ua tiav nyias, nrog rau ntau lub tswv yim ntawm "Uralistics", tseem muaj ib ceg. ntawm linguistics li "Finno-Ugric kev tshawb fawb", uas tshawb txog cov lus Finno-Ugric.
Kev faib cov lus Uralic
Txoj kev faib tawm ntawm cov lus Uralic tau muaj txij li thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo. Nws tau qhia los ntawm Richard Donner. Doner tus qauv kev faib tawm nyiam cov ntawv sau tsis tu ncua, tag nrho lossis ib feem, hauv encyclopedias, cov phau ntawv siv, thiab tshuaj xyuas ntawm tsev neeg Uralic. Tus qauv Donner zoo li no:
Finno-Ugric pab pawg:
1. Cov lus Ugric, ntawm lawv:
- Hungarian;
- Ob-Ugric (Ob Ugric);
- Khanty-Mansi lus.
2. Finno-Permian (Permo-Finnish) hom lus:
- Permian (Udmurt lus);
- Finno-Volga (Finno-Mari);
- Volga-Finnish;
- Mari;
- Mordovian.
3. Finno-Sami;
- Finnish;
- Sami.
Lub sijhawm Donner lub sijhawm, cov lus Samoyedic tseem paub tsis zoo, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem daws cov teebmeem no hauv kev tshawb fawb. Txij li thaum lawv tuaj muaj koob meej nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 20th caug xyoo, lawv tau raug tshuaj xyuas. Nyob rau hauv lub terminology saws rau cov Uralic lus raws li tag nrho tsev neeg, lub npe "Finno-Ugric pab pawg neeg" yog tseem siv rau niaj hnub no kuj yog ib tug synonym rau tag nrho tsev neeg. Finno-Ugric thiab Samoyedic cov lus los ua cov ceg tseem ceeb ntawm tsev neeg Uralic.
Cov neeg twg yog tsev neeg lus Uralic?
Cov neeg coob coob uas hais lus ntawm tsev neeg Ural yog cov neeg Hungarians. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg hais lus hauv Hungarian yog kwv yees li kaum tsib lab. Cov Finns kuj yog cov neeg Ural, cov pej xeem ntawm Finland yog txog rau lab tus tib neeg. Estonians nyob rau sab hnub poob teb chaws Europe kuj hais lus Finno-Ugric (lub B altic ceg) thiab belongs rau Uralic haiv neeg. Tag nrho cov lus no muaj kev sib raug zoo lexical sib raug zoo, uas ua rau cov lus no hu ua Uralic tsev neeg. Cov neeg uas koom nrog pawg lus no tsawg tsawg.
Piv txwv li, cov no yog cov neeg Mari, cov neeg Erzya thiab Komi, Udmurts. Cov lus Ugric uas tseem tshuav yog nyob rau lub verge ntawm kev ploj tuag. Tshwj xeeb loj sib txawv ntawm cov lus Uralic hauvsyntax kev taw qhia. Tsev neeg lus Uralic yog ib hom lus sib txawv thiab thaj chaw dav dav ntawm cov teb chaws Europe. Cov syntax thiab cov qauv sau ntawv ntawm cov lus Uralic suav hais tias nyuaj heev rau kev kawm vim lawv txawv ntawm cov lus European heev.
