Peb feem ntau siv cov lus hauv peb cov lus hais txog txhua hnub thiab cov ncauj lus hauv tsev. Kab lus no yuav xav txog lub ntsiab lus lexical nplooj siab rau cov nroj tsuag noj tau. Zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua lus Askiv nrog kev txhais lus thiab hais lus hauv Lavxias kuj tseem yuav nthuav tawm hauv kab lus no.
Keeb kwm ntawm lo lus zaub
Zaub yog lub ntsiab lus txhais ua noj ua haus (xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis tubers) ntawm ntau hom nroj tsuag, nrog rau txhua yam khoom noj ntawm tsob ntoo keeb kwm, tsis suav cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cereals, nceb thiab txiv ntoo.
In English, lo lus zaub yog txhais ua zaub. Nws yog thawj zaug sau ua lus Askiv nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 15th caug xyoo. Nws tuaj rau hauv cov lus los ntawm Old French thiab yog thawj zaug siv rau tag nrho cov nroj tsuag; lo lus tseem siv tau rau qhov kev nkag siab no hauv cov ntsiab lus lom neeg.
Nws los ntawm medieval Latin vegetabilis thiab txhais tias "loj hlob, vam meej". Semantic transformation los ntawm Late Latin txhais tau tias "kev txhawb siab, kev nrawm".
Lub ntsiab lus ntawm zaub raws li ib tsob nroj cog rau noj tsis paub txog thaum xyoo pua 18th. ATXyoo 1767, lo lus tau siv tshwj xeeb los hais txog txhua yam nroj tsuag uas tau noj tau, tshuaj ntsuab, lossis zaub hauv paus. Xyoo 1955, cov lus luv luv rau zaub yog thawj zaug siv cov lus: veggie - "vegetarian".
Raws li cov lus qhia, lo lus zaub hauv lus Askiv yog siv los ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus dav dav, uas yog "txog rau cov nroj tsuag" feem ntau (yeem lossis tsis tau), uas yog, yam khoom ntawm tsob ntoo keeb kwm., zaub kingdom.
zaub in English with translation
Cia peb xav txog cov npe ntawm cov zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv lus Askiv. Cov npe yuav suav nrog cov khoom uas peb siv txhua hnub. Zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua lus Askiv nrog kev txhais lus thiab kev sau ntawv yog nthuav tawm hauv qab no:
1. Dawb cabbage - cabbage - [ˈkæbədʒ] los yog zaub qhwv dawb.
Thiab kev txhais lus ntawm nws ntau yam thiab kev ua noj:
- wild - qus cabbage;
- zaub qhwv;
- dried - dehydrated cabbage;
- sauerkraut - kev ywj pheej cabbage;
- YSuav - celery cabbage;
- shredded - shredded cabbage;
- decorative - ornamental zaub qhwv.
2. Qej - qej [ˈɡɑːrlɪk]; Ntsuag qej - Ntsuag qej.
3. Turnip - turnip [ˈtɝːnəp].
3. Dos - dos [ˈʌnjən].
4. Leek - leek [ˈliːk|].
5. Qos yaj ywm - qos yaj ywm [pəˈteɪtoʊz].
Cov kab lus ruaj khov nrog lo lusqos yaj ywm yuav muab txhais raws li nram no:
- boil qos yaj ywm- boil qos yaj ywm;
- khawb qos - nqa qos yaj ywm;
- qos yaj ywm tshiab - qos yaj ywm tshiab.
6. Common carrot - zaub ntug hauv paus [ˈkærət].
7. Txiv lws suav - lws suav [təˈmeɪˌtoʊ].
txiv lws suav hu ua txiv apple. Qhov no yog vim lub literal translation los ntawm Italian. Zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv lus Askiv feem ntau qiv.
Kev txhais cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tseem ceeb hauv lus Askiv
Cia peb mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Hauv lus Askiv, lo lus "fruit" yog txhais ua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ['fruːt]. Ntawm nws lub hauv paus, qhov no tsis yog lo lus botanical, tab sis yog ib lo lus thiab lus hauv tsev rau lub npe ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj.
Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv teev cov feem ntau:
- apricot ['eɪprɪkɒt] - apricot;
- banana [bə'nɑːnə] - banana;
- grape [greip] - grapes;
- grapefruit ['greɪpˌfruːt] - txiv kab ntxwv;
- pear [peə] - pear;
- melon ['mɛlən] - melon;
- lemon ['lɛmən] - txiv qaub;
- mandarine ['mænəˈriːn] - mandarin (ib lo lus ntawm Suav keeb kwm);
- plum ['pləm] - plum;
- apple ['æpl] - apple;
- citrus ['sitrəs] - citrus;
- kiwi [ˈkiːwiː] - kiwi;
- fig [ˈfɪɡ] - figs;
- date [date] - date (lo lus no kuj txhais tau tias yog hnub tim);
- mango [ˈmæŋɡoʊ] - txiv nkhaus taw;
- persimmon [pəˈsɪmən] - persimmon;
- pomegranate [ˈpɒmˌgrænɪt] - pomegranate;
- pineapple ['paɪnˌæpl] - pineapple.
Keeb kwm ntawm cov lus cog
Feem ntau cov ntsiab lus rau zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv lus Askiv yog qiv los ntawm lwm hom lus. Piv txwv li, lo lus "txiv lws suav" los ntawm European ntiaj teb los ntawm Aztec faj tim teb chaws. Lub npe ntawm cov nroj tsuag tomal los ntawm Fabkis lus tomate tau nkag mus rau hauv lus Askiv thiab Lavxias. Hauv Lavxias niaj hnub no, ob lub npe sib npaug.
Lo lus qos yaj ywm (qos yaj ywm) los ntawm lus Mev, tab sis nws tuaj rau lus Mev los ntawm Quechua Indian lus thaum lub sij hawm conquistador conquest ntawm South America. Yog li ob lo lus no rau hmo ntuj los ntawm cov lus Indian ntawm Latin America.
