Cell tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog ib qho kev ua neej nyob ultramicroscopic, muaj txiaj ntsig nrog txhua yam haujlwm hauv lub cev. Cellular cov ntsiab lus hu ua organelles ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua pa, kev tsim tawm, excretion, digestion. Lysosomes yog ib yam ntawm cov organelles. Lawv koom nrog ib leeg-membrane cov qauv thiab ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb cuam tshuam nrog kev zom cov tshuaj thiab tag nrho cov cellular ntsiab nyob rau hauv cytoplasm. Hauv txoj haujlwm no, peb yuav kawm txog cov qauv ntawm lysosomes thiab nrhiav lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txhawb nqa lub neej ntawm tes.
Yuav ua li cas organelles tsim
Sawv cev ib leeg-membrane vacuoles uas muaj cov plab zom mov, lysosomes yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub cisterns ntawm Golgi complex thiab hu ua thawj. Los ntawm cov channel ntawm cov cuab yeej, lawv nkag mus rau cytoplasm ntawm lub cell. Thaum lysosomes pib nqus cov cytostructures puas lawm los yog rhuav tshem cov organic tshuaj, lawv hu ua theem nrab.
Cov kab mob no tau sau nrog cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov enzymes uas muaj peev xwm ua kom tawg molecules ntawm carbohydrates, glycolipids thiab cov proteins. Nws yog nyob rau hauv theem nrab lysosomes uas muaj cov khoom siv lom neeg xws li proteases, sulfurylase thiab lipases. Cov ntsiab lus sab hauv ntawm organoid muaj pH tsawg dua 7, txij li cov enzymes saum toj no tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig acidic. Organelles muaj peev xwm ntawm endocytosis lossis pinocytosis. Kev tsim ntawm lysosomes nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov protein tshwj xeeb hauv lub cell, tsim los ntawm cov kab ntawm granular endoplasmic reticulum.
Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm matrix thiab cov qauv ntawm lysosome
Txuas ntxiv mus kawm txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lysosomes, cia peb xav txog yam khoom dab tsi tsim lawv qhov chaw sab hauv. Lub complex ntawm enzymes muaj qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv: phosphorylase (tawg cov amino acids), glucosidase (ua rau cov piam thaj, cellulose, starch) thiab lipase (ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov roj molecules, steroids).
Lub organelle tus kheej daim nyias nyias yog resistant rau cov enzymes saum toj no. Qee qhov xwm txheej, nws dhau los ua qhov tsis zoo rau lawv qhov kev ua, uas ua rau autolysis - nws tus kheej tawg ntawm daim nyias nyias, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj phem ntawm cov matrix yog nchuav rau hauv cytoplasm ntawm tes. Qhov no ua rau nws digest nws tus kheej.
Organoid muaj nuj nqi
Nws paub zoo tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb npaum li cas hauv cov txheej txheem metabolic uas txhawb nqa kev siv cov khoom pov tseg lossis qhov chaw ntawm cov qauv ntawm tes, xws li qub mitochondria, ribosomes. Kev ua haujlwm siab enzymatic ntawm organelles tshwm sim hauv cov hlwb uas hu ua phagocytic. Qhov no yogUa ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov qauv ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob: basophils, macrophages, neutrophils, B-lymphocytes. Thawj lysosomes hauv cov hlwb no loj heev (txog 0.5 microns). Lawv muaj cov enzymes xws li ribonuclease, protease, deoxyribonuclease. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg no tau piav qhia raws li hauv qab no: cov hlwb muaj peev xwm ntawm phagocytosis feem ntau zom cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob uas muaj cov proteins thiab ribonucleic acids.
Ib qho kev nthuav dav uas muab cov haujlwm proteolytic ntawm lub cev. Txawv teb chaws hais los yog molecules yog thawj ntes los ntawm vacuole. Lub lysosome thawj koom ua ke nrog nws, uas secretes hydrolytic enzymes. Tam sim no xws li ib tug organelle, hu ua ib tug thib ob lysosome, pib nquag zom cov tshuaj uas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub matrix. Cov khoom cleavage txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv hyaloplasm ntawm lub cell, thiab undigested residues khaws cia rau hauv lub organelle, uas tam sim no hu ua lub residual lub cev. Cov qauv saum toj no ntawm lysosomes ntawm ntau hom piav qhia lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv ntawm tes.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm organelles hauv cov tshuaj metabolic ntawm tib neeg lub cev
Yog tias tsis muaj cov enzymes tsim tawm hauv lysosomes, lawv qhov tsis txaus tshwm sim, ua rau muaj kab mob loj heev, xws li metachromatic leukodystrophy. Cov qauv ntawm lysosomes nyob rau hauv no pathology yog txawv txav. Hauv lawv cov matrix, sulfatases, enzymes uas zom cov cerebrosides, tsis tuaj lossis tsis muaj zog. Ua cov khoom lag luam metabolic hauv cov hlwb ntawm cov hlab ntsha, lawv raug siv, tab sis tsis muaj cov enzymes sib xws.ua rau tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov tebchaw hauv neuroglia thiab hyaloplasm ntawm neurocytes. Qhov no ua rau intoxication nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb uas tsim lub hlwb thiab qaum qaum. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev pathologies thiab kev puas hlwb retardation.
Yog li, ib leeg-membrane organelles lub luag haujlwm rau kev rhuav tshem cov tshuaj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cellular metabolism. Hauv txoj haujlwm no, peb kawm txog cov qauv ntawm lysosomes, pom lawv lub luag haujlwm thiab qhov tseem ceeb hauv lub neej ntawm tes thiab tib neeg lub cev tag nrho.
