Cov qauv lus Askiv yog qhov nyuaj thiab sib txawv. Ib tug beginner uas nyuam qhuav pib kawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus yuav tau ntsib ntau yam teeb meem. Nws tsis txaus kom nco txog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov lus thiab kab lus, koj kuj yuav tsum kawm siv cov lus no kom raug, tsim cov kab lus. Yog tias txhua yam ntau dua lossis tsawg dua nrog cov kab lus pom zoo, tom qab ntawd thaum nws tsim nyog los nug ib lo lus nug, ntau tus neeg ua loog thiab tsis paub yuav hais li cas. Hauv lus Askiv, nws tsis txaus los tsuas yog hloov lub intonation hauv ib kab lus lees paub lossis muab cov lus nug hauv qhov kawg. Lub ncauj lus no yuav tsum tau kawm kom ntxaws.
Nyeem cov lus nug
Muaj tsib hom kab lus nug hauv tag nrho:
- Cov lus nug dav dav hauv lus Askiv. Piv txwv - "Koj puas nyiam mus kawm ntawv?".
- Sib faib cov lus nug. "Koj mus kawm ntawv txhua hnub, puas yog?".
- Lwm cov lus nug. "Koj puas mus kawm ntawv lossis kawm ntawv qib siab txhua hnub?"
- Speciallus nug. "Vim li cas koj tsis tuaj xyuas peb?".
- Qhia rau cov ntsiab lus. "Leej twg ua qhov no?".
Cia peb xav txog txhua lo lus nug sib cais.
Cov lus nug dav dav hauv lus Askiv. Piv txwv
Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm thawj hom lus nug? Cov lus nug ntau hauv lus Askiv thiab cov piv txwv qhia tau hais tias lo lus nug no tuaj yeem teb tau los yog tsis yog. Tsis muaj kev xaiv thib peb. Cov lus nug zoo li no xav tau cov lus teb meej. Yog hais tias peb kos ib qho piv txwv nrog cov lus Lavxias, ces peb yuav pom tias nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab peb tsuas hloov lub intonation nyob rau hauv ib tug affirmative kab lus. Piv txwv li:
Koj mus kawm ntawv txhua hnub. - Koj puas mus kawm ntawv txhua hnub?
Nws tsis yooj yim li lus Askiv. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov lus, intonation hloov, rau txhua lub sij hawm - nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev. Ua piv txwv ntawm cov lus nug dav dav hauv lus Askiv:
Koj puas nyiam koj lub tsev kawm ntawv? - Koj puas hlub koj lub tsev kawm ntawv?
Lo lus txiav txim rau cov lus nug dav dav yog:
| Yam yooj yim pab pawg | cov lus txhawb nqa | Subject | Predicate (verb hauv thawj daim ntawv) |
| Progressive Group Times | Kev qhia ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo | Subject | Predicate (verb hauv thawj daim ntawv) |
| Pab Pawg Times Perfect | Cov lus qhia muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv yog | Subject | Predicate (verb hauv daim ntawv thib peb) |
| pab pawg sijhawmPerfect Progressive |
Cov lus qhia tau nyob hauv daim ntawv yog |
Subject | Predicate (verb xaus -ing) |
Cov lus qhia pab rau tam sim no Yooj Yim - ua / ua; auxiliary verb for Past Simple - ua; auxiliary verb for Yav Tom Ntej Simple - will.
Cov lus nug dav dav hauv lus Askiv. Piv txwv:
- Koj puas hais lus Japanese? - Koj puas hais lus Japanese?
- Koj niam puas ua haujlwm hauv tsev kho mob? - Koj niam puas ua haujlwm hauv tsev kho mob?
- Koj puas tau siv lub caij ntuj sov dhau los mus txawv tebchaws? - Koj puas tau siv lub caij ntuj sov dhau los txawv teb chaws?
- Koj puas yuav mus rau qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj tag kis? - Koj puas yuav mus concert tag kis?
Qhia cov lus nug ua lus Askiv
Tag lo lus nug feem ntau hu ua lus Askiv li "Tag question". Txhawm rau nug cov lus nug no, koj yuav tsum ntxiv "tus Tsov tus tw" rau kab lus lees paub. Lub ponytail no yuav muab txhais ua lus Lavxias nrog kab lus - puas yog?
Koj ua si hauv tsev kawm ntawv, puas yog? - Koj ua si hauv tsev kawm band, puas yog?
Nws tab tom tham nrog nws tus kws qhia tam sim no, puas yog? - Nws tab tom tham nrog tus kws qhia tam sim no, puas yog?
Raws li peb tuaj yeem pom, "tails" txawv, nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ua kab lus. Los ntawm kev sib piv nrog cov lus nug dav dav, koj tuaj yeem ua ib lub rooj me me:
| Yam yooj yim pab pawg | Kev ua haujlwm pabcuam |
| Progressive Group Times | Verb to be |
| Pab Pawg Times Perfect | Vim muaj |
| Perfect Progressive Group Times | Vim muaj + tau |
Cov lus hauv qab no yog cov lus uas sib haum rau cov ntsiab lus hauv kab lus lees paub. Thov nco ntsoov tias yog kab lus nws tus kheej tau lees paub, ces "tus Tsov tus tw" yuav tsis zoo thiab vice versa.
Piv txwv ntawm cov lus nug tsis sib xws:
Koj hais lus Askiv zoo heev, puas yog? - Koj hais lus Askiv zoo, tsis yog koj?
Nws tau txiav txim siab txiav daim ntawv cog lus, puas yog? - Nws txiav txim siab ua txhaum daim ntawv cog lus, puas yog?
Lwm cov lus nug hauv lus Askiv
Twb los ntawm lub npe ib leeg nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm lwm hom kev xaiv yuav xaiv ib yam dab tsi. Yog tias koj tau kawm lub ntsiab lus "Cov Lus Nug Tseem Ceeb hauv Lus Askiv", ces nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau koj kawm txog kev nug lwm cov lus nug.
Txhawm rau ua lwm lo lus nug, koj yuav tsum ua cov lus nug dav dav ua hauv paus thiab ntxiv lub koomhaum lossis (lossis). Piv txwv li:
Koj puas hais lus Askiv lossis German? - Koj puas hais lus Askiv lossis German?
Koj tus kws qhia ntawv puas tau kawm txawv teb chaws lossis tsuas yog hauv tebchaws Russia? - Koj tus kws qhia ntawv puas tau kawm txawv teb chaws lossis tsuas yog hauv tebchaws Russia?
Koj puas tau yuav phau ntawv lossis phau ntawv xov xwm? - Koj puas tau yuav phau ntawv lossis ib phau ntawv xov xwm?
cov lus nug tshwj xeeb hauv lus Askiv
Cov lus nug ntawm hom tshwj xeeb yog tsim los ntawm cov lus nug tshwj xeeb. Cov lus nug no ua ntej.qhov chaw hauv cov lus nug dav dav. Cov lus nug no xav tau cov lus teb ntxaws.
| dab tsi? | dab tsi? |
| thaum twg? | thaum twg? |
| qhov twg? | qhov twg? nyob qhov twg? |
| vim? | vim? vim li cas? |
| ua li cas? | ua li cas? |
|
nqi? pes tsawg? |
nqi? |
Tam sim no koj ua dab tsi? - Tam sim no koj ua dab tsi?
Thaum twg koj tau mus rau Askiv? - Thaum twg koj nyob hauv tebchaws Askiv?
koj ua haujlwm qhov twg? - Koj ua haujlwm qhov twg?
Vim li cas koj thiaj chim siab? - Vim li cas koj thiaj npau taws?
Koj nyob li cas? - Koj nyob li cas?
Koj tau nyeem pes tsawg phau ntawv lub caij ntuj sov no? - Koj nyeem pes tsawg phau ntawv lub caij ntuj sov no?
Qhia rau cov ntsiab lus
hom lus nug no tsis yog ib txwm sau tawm, txij li nws tau tsim los siv lo lus nug tshwj xeeb WHO (leej twg). Yog li, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov lus nug tshwj xeeb. Tab sis txij li cov lus nug no tau tsim txawv me ntsis, peb yuav muab lawv cais ua ib kab lus cais. Lub peculiarity ntawm lo lus nug no yog hais tias lo lus txiav txim ntawm no yuav ncaj qha, raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug affirmative kab lus. Peb yuav tsis xav tau cov lus pab.
Leej twg pw ib hnub? - Leej twg tau pw txhua hnub?
Leej twg tham hauv chav kawm? - Leej twg tham hauv chav kawm?
Leej twg ua tau? - Leej twg ua qhov no?
1. Nug cov lus nug dav dav txogLus Askiv (txhais ua lus Askiv):
- Koj puas nyiam nkauj?
- Koj puas tau mus txawv tebchaws?
- Koj tus muam puas ua haujlwm hauv lub hoobkas?
- Koj niam koj txiv puas nyob hauv Moscow?
- Koj lub computer puas tawg?
2. Txhais cov kab lus. Nug lus Askiv dav dav thiab cov lus nug tshwj xeeb rau cov kab lus pom zoo no:
- Kuv niam ua hauj lwm hauv tsev kawm ntawv tau nees nkaum xyoo.
- Kuv tus xib hwb hais tias kuv kaj.
- Kuv ua haujlwm tawm ntawm lub gym ob zaug ib lub lim tiam.
- Kuv tus dev tuaj tos kuv txhua hnub los ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
- Cov me nyuam yaus ua si hauv vaj nrog tus dev tam sim no.
Nws yooj yim sau cov lus nug uas yog siv cov lus qhia saum toj no.
