English is the world language. Nws tau hais los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm ntau txoj haujlwm. Cov lus yog siv hauv suab paj nruag, science thiab kos duab. Tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Ob tus neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus qhia nws kom ua raws li lub sijhawm, tau txais txoj haujlwm them nyiaj zoo dua, thiab tsuas yog siv sijhawm los sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg sawv cev txawv teb chaws yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Tab sis txawm tias qhov yooj yim, ntau tus muaj teeb meem nrog cov qauv lus Askiv. Kab lus no yuav tham txog hom lus nug hauv lus Askiv.
Cov khoom no yog dab tsi?
Tau kawg, cov kab lus nug muaj nyob hauv ib hom lus. Txawm tus me nyuam yaus tshaj plaws tuaj yeem qhia tau tias lawv yog dab tsi. Hauv lus Askiv, cov kab lus nug tau txawv ntawm cov kab lus zoo tib yam los ntawm cov lus txiav txim, kev siv cov lus qhia pab thiab cov lus nug. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj 5 hom kab lus uas siv nyob rau lub sij hawm sib txawv. Yuav ua li cas yog interrogativeib kab lus hauv lus Askiv?
cov lus nug dav dav
General yog lo lus nug yooj yim uas yuav tsum muaj lus teb yog lossis tsis yog. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, los yog es, nrog sib txawv verbs, daim ntawv uas hloov nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm kab lus, lub ntsiab lus thiab tus naj npawb: pab, ua thiab modal. Kev tsim cov lus nug hauv lus Askiv yog raws li hauv qab no:
| Present Tense | Past Tense | Future Tense | |
| Simple | Do or Does + P + S | Did + P + S | Yuav /Shall + R + S |
| Ntseeg | Am/Is/Are + P + S | Was/Were + P + S ? | Yuav / Yuav + P + be + Ving? |
| Perfect | Have/Has + P + V3 | Had + P + V3 | Yuav / Yuav + P + muaj + V3 |
| Perfect Continous | Have/Has+P+tau+ Ving | Had + S + tau + Ving | Yuav / Yuav + P + tau + V3 |
| Yav tom ntej | Yuav / Yuav Tsum + P + S |
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias yuav luag txhua qhov kev pabcuam pabcuam sib raug rau nws tus lej thiab tus neeg. Yog li ntawd, rau tus neeg thib peb chav tsev. tus lej, cov lus qhia hauv qab no yog siv: do/did, is/was, has, will/would. Rau thawj tus neeg tus lej: ua / ua, am / yog, muaj. Rau tib tus neeg, tsis hais tus lej ntawm lub sijhawm yav tom ntej, nws raug siv yuav tsum / yuav tsum, txawm li cas los xij, tam sim nolub sij hawm yuav/yuav yog siv rau txhua yam kev kawm. Rau plural: do/did, are/were, have, will/would (shall/should).
Daim ntawv thib ob ntawm cov lus ntuas yav dhau los tom qab ua tsis tau siv. Ib yam mus rau qhov xaus -s rau 3rd tus neeg hais lus. tus lej tom qab ua.
Special issue
Cov lus nug dav dav thiab tshwj xeeb ua lus Askiv tsis ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lawv yog cov lus nug yog siv nyob rau hauv pawg no. Lo lus nug yog thawj zaug hauv kab lus, tom qab ntawd los ntawm cov lus qhia ua haujlwm, cov ntsiab lus thiab cov lus qhia. Ntxiv nrog rau cov lus nug, muaj ntau yam kev nug lus nug, piv txwv li, lub sijhawm twg - yog lub sijhawm twg.
Yog tias kev tsim kho cov lus nug tshwj xeeb zoo li kev tsim kho ntawm cov neeg siv dav dav, tsuas yog ntxiv nrog cov lus nug thaum pib ntawm kab lus, ces lo lus nug tshwj xeeb leej twg / dab tsi (rau cov ntsiab lus) suab me ntsis txawv. Cov lus nug yog dab tsi los yog leej twg siv ntawm no, nyob ntawm seb leej twg lo lus nug txog:
| Present Tense | Past Tense | Future Tense | |
| Simple | Qhia. +Vs | Qhia. +V2 | Qhia. + yuav + V |
| Ntseeg | Qhia. +yog +Ving | Qhia. +yog +Ving | Qhia. +yuav + yuav Ving |
| Perfect | Qhia. + muaj + V3 | Qhia. + muaj + V3 | Qhia w + yuav + muaj V3 |
| Perfect Continous | Qhia. + tau +Ving | Qhia. + tau + Ving | Qhia. +yuav tau +Ving |
| Yav tom ntej | Qhia. + xav + V |
Kev faib lus nug
Tsis tas yuav hloov lo lus txiav txim hauv nqe lus nug no: ntawm no yog ncaj qha. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog qhov kawg ntawm kab lus muaj qhov xaus uas tsim cov lus nug hauv nws tus kheej. Nws tsuas yog txhais ua lus Lavxias li: puas yog? Yuav ua li cas yog lub interrogative tsim ntawm cov kab lus no tsim ua lus Askiv? Yog tias cov lus pom zoo, ces qhov kev nug lus nug yuav tsum yog qhov tsis zoo. Yog hais tias tsis zoo, ces vice versa. Nws zoo li no:
Koj ntaus tennis, puas yog? - Koj ntaus tennis, puas yog?
Nws tsis tau nyob Spain rau hnub nyoog, puas yog? - Nws tsis tau nyob Spain rau hnub nyoog, puas yog?
Nws ua tau, ua tsis tau? - Nws tuaj yeem ua noj, txoj cai?
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum kawg ntawm kab lus nws yuav tsum tau muab cov lus qhia pabcuam hauv daim ntawv tsim nyog, cov lus qhia ua lossis cov lus qhia modal. Thawj ntu ntawm kab lus qhia qhov no. Hauv cov lus hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem pom yuav ua li cas cov kab lus nug ua lus Askiv:
Lwm cov lus nug
Cov lus nug kawg yog siv thaum tsim nyog los xaiv qee yam (khoom, kev ua, neeg). Nyob rau hauv xws li ib kab lus, lub preposition los yog (los yog) yog ib txwm muaj. Cov lus nug nws tus kheej yog tsim los ntawm kev pab cuam thiabmodal verbs raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus nug dav dav. Hauv qab no yog qee qhov piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas lwm lo lus nug raug tsim ua lus Askiv:
Ib txhia sau ntawv
Qhov saum toj no yog yuav ua li cas cov kab lus nug raug tsim ua lus Askiv. Kev sau ib lo lus nug yuav tsum tsis txhob nyuaj dhau. Hauv paus, tag nrho cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab lub sij hawm raug. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho muaj 3 zaug (tam sim no, yav dhau los, yav tom ntej), uas tsim 12 daim ntawv ib ntus. Lawv muab faib ua 4 pawg: yooj yim, nruam, zoo meej (zoo meej) thiab txuas ntxiv zoo meej. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob tsis meej pem, muaj cov lus taw qhia yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab yam ib ntus los ntawm lub ntsiab lus.
Tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov qauv nruj ntawm cov lus qhia. Muaj cov lus qhia yooj yim uas qhov xaus -ed yog ntxiv rau yav dhau los Simple, Tam sim no Perfect thiab Past Perfet. Lwm qeb yog irregular verbs. Lawv muaj 3 daim ntawv. Daim ntawv thib ob yog siv rau yav dhau los Yooj Yim thiab qhov thib peb rau lub sijhawm zoo meej.
Ntawm tus neeg thib peb cov lus qhia. teev, qhov xaus -s ntxiv. Tsis txhob hnov qab tias tom qab tus pab cuam, modal thiab verbs ua, qhov xaus -ed thiab -s tsis muab tso! Tom qab ua tiav, daim ntawv thib ob ntawm cov lus qhia tsis yog siv, tab sis qhov infinitive yog siv. Continious ib txwm siv -ing (gerund) verbs.
Dhau li ntawd, cov kab lus Askiv tuaj yeem tsim tsis yog hauv lub suab nrov xwb. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug interrogative kab lus tsim ua lus Askiv nyob rau hauv lub passive lub suab? Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw yuav tsum tau nojpab. Thaum kawg ntawm kab lus yuav muaj ib tug predicate.
Koj tus miv puas raug nyiag lawm? - Puas yog koj tus miv raug nyiag lawm? / Koj tus miv puas raug nyiag lawm? (Past Simple)
Nws puas tau sau ntawv tom tsev? - Puas yog homework sau rau nws? / Puas yog nws homework? (Tam sim no Perfect).
Nco ntsoov tias hauv Continious qhov tseeb ntawm kev qhia ua yog ib txwm ua raws li kev ua + V3 (Zoo thiab yav tom ntej Continious tsis siv). Zoo meej ib txwm tau + V3 tom qab muaj / muaj / muaj. Kev tsim kho yooj yim yav tom ntej zoo li qhov no yuav / yuav + yuav + V3, thiab yav tom ntej Perfect - yuav tau + V3.
Yog li, cov qauv lus Askiv muaj ntau yam subtleties uas yuav tsum tau ceev faj parsing. Peb tau txheeb xyuas dab tsi yog cov cai yooj yim thiab cov teeb meem uas yuav tshwm sim thaum tsim cov kab lus nug hauv lus Askiv. Ntxiv rau tag nrho cov no, muaj ntau txoj cai suav nrog, suav nrog kev siv cov ntawv, prepositions, adverbs, modal verbs, thiab lwm yam, nrog rau kev zam.
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob tsis meej pem hauv txhua yam no, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los kho txhua txoj cai tshiab, nrog rau kev zam rau lawv hauv ntau daim phiaj, mini-cribs, lossis tsuas yog yuav cov khoom tsim nyog hauv khw muag khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem tau txais phau ntawv sau sau ua qauv sau ntawv (hauv ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab chav kawm lus, phau ntawv sau tau muab faib ua haujlwm, qauv sau ntawv thiab phau ntawv txhais lus) lossis luam tawm "ceeb toom". Kev sau ntawv ntxiv rau cov cai, nrog rau kev ua kom tsim nyog, tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nco.
