Peb lub hnub nyoog tau cuam tshuam rau hom anthropological, raws li feem pua ntawm tib neeg tsiv teb tsaws tau nce. Tsim hom pib sib tov, uas coj mus rau qhov ploj ntawm ib haiv neeg, lossis hloov pauv. Kuj tseem muaj cov qauv tshiab, uas niaj hnub no tau dhau los ua ntau zaus ntxiv.
Modern anthropology
Feem ntau, cov hom neeg anthropological yog qee haiv neeg pawg uas txhua tus tib neeg tau faib. Niaj hnub nimno stratification tsis txaus siab rau tiam dhau los lossis pab pawg ntawm cov tib neeg uas tuav kev saib xyuas. Coob leej tsis nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem no ntawm kev sib xyaw haiv neeg lossis haiv neeg, vim nws tsis zoo li ntuj tsim.
Rau lawv, qhov kev xav tau lees paub yog tias tus neeg, tau yug los hauv ib thaj chaw, tam sim ntawd los ua ib feem ntawm haiv neeg no. Cov txheej txheem tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm kev xav ntawm tus kheej, vim nws tsis tuaj yeem xaiv qhov no nws tus kheej, vim nws tsis muaj cai txiav txim siab seb nws niam nws txiv yuav yog leej twg, qhov zoo li cas lossis qhov siab nws yuav muaj.
Modernanthropological hom haiv neeg yog tsim, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, vim yog kev xav thiab kev xaiv ntawm tus neeg. Yog tias nws xav ua ib feem ntawm lub neej no lossis lub neej ntawd, nws tuaj yeem ua tau. Nws txaus tsuas yog txav mus thiab thov rau lwm tus pej xeem. Yog tias tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm xov xwm, Is Taws Nem, kev sib txuas ntawm lub teb chaws, nws yog qhov ua tau tias tus neeg yuav tsis xav hloov nws tus kheej, vim nws tsuas tsis paub txog qhov muaj nyob ntawm lwm tus, yog li hais, "worlds".
Cov xwm txheej rau kev tsim cov hom anthropological
Rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem anthropological tshwj xeeb, xav tau lub hauv paus, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev siv nyiaj ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv uas yog haiv neeg ib yam li koj. Qhov ntawd yog, kom yooj yim, ib tug neeg belongs rau ib haiv neeg vim qhov tseeb hais tias nws cov poj koob yawm txwv yog ib feem ntawm nws, thiab lawv tau los ua xws li vim yog cov xwm txheej ntawm lawv ib puag ncig. Anthropological hom haiv neeg yog ib tug tsim uas tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm ib tug ob-txoj kev ua, cov neeg koom ntawm cov neeg thiab lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv. Ib tug neeg yoog raws cov qauv tsim muaj nyob hauv ib thaj chaw, yog li hloov nws thiab nws tus kheej.
Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw raws li tus tsav tsheb hloov
Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ib txwm nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov zej zog, tab sis hnub no lawv tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb. Tib neeg niaj hnub mus ncig thoob ntiaj teb, xav nrhiav lawv qhov chaw. Yog li, lawv hloov lwm yam anthropological hom, tsim tshiab. Tias yog vim li cas niaj hnub no nws nyuaj heev kom paub txog koj cov hauv paus hniav, vim kev coj noj coj ua tsis yog thawj xyoo txhiab.yog sib xyaw ua ke. Tab sis rau qhov ntau dua, qhov txawv ntawm lwm yam tuaj yeem hais qee yam txog cov poj koob yawm txwv.
Tsis ntev los no, ntau qhov kev faib tawm sib txawv tau tshwm sim uas muab cov lus piav qhia txuas ntxiv. Rau ntau dua, Viktor Valerianovich Bunak, uas yog anthropologist los ntawm txoj haujlwm, tau nce qib hauv qhov no. Nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho cov kev tshawb fawb no tsis yog hauv USSR nkaus xwb, tom qab ntawd hauv Russia, tab sis kuj nyob rau txawv teb chaws.
B. V. Bunak
B. V. Bunak tsim nws cov kev faib tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm tsob ntoo nrog plaub lub cev, uas yog lub cim rau sab hnub poob, sab hnub tuaj, sab qab teb thiab Tropics. Cov pab pawg sab hnub poob suav nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Tebchaws Europe, Africa (sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb), sab xub ntiag ntawm Asia, qee thaj tsam ntawm Pakistan thiab Is Nrias teb. Kev faib sab hnub tuaj suav nrog Asmeskas, Asia ib feem ntawm Russia, Tuam Tshoj thiab East Asia. Sab qab teb yog South Asia, Australia thiab Indonesia. Tropical, ntsig txog, muaj cov haiv neeg ntawm Africa (sab qab teb, sab hnub poob), Indonesia, Oceania. Ntxiv mus, cov trunks tau muab faib ua cov qauv me me - cov ceg ntoo. Nyob ntawd koj tuaj yeem tham txog hom kab mob anthropological ntawm haiv neeg Caucasoid, Mongoloid, Ethiopian thiab Negroid.
Huntington thiab Bunak
Samuel Huntington tsim "Clash of Civilizations" txoj kev xav, uas yog raws li lub tswv yim ntawm "anthropology". Nws cuam tshuam txog kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm ntau haiv neeg nrog rau kev tsim kev vam meej nyob rau lub sijhawm tom ntej. Nov yog hom kev pab cuam pom kev yuav ua li cas hom anthropological tsim.
Txoj kev xav no muaj ntau yamcov neeg tawm tsam, tab sis nws yog qhov ruam tsis lees paub tag nrho cov kev cai lij choj uas twb muaj lawm ntawm kev sib haum xeeb ntawm pawg haiv neeg. Ib qho piv txwv yog kev sib tsoo ntawm Orthodox thiab Western kev vam meej, qhov twg cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib xyaw yog pom meej. Ntawd yog, hauv ib tsev neeg zoo tib yam, ib tug poj niam tuaj yeem yog Orthodox, thiab ib tug txiv neej tuaj yeem yog Catholic, vim li ntawd, kev coj noj coj ua sib xyaw, thiab ib qho tig mus rau lwm tus, lossis ob leeg tab tom nrhiav ib yam tshiab. Nws kuj tseem yog tias ob leeg yuav nyob nrog lawv cov kev xav. Tsuas yog, yuav ua li cas rau lawv tus menyuam thaum kawg?
B. V. Bunak tau faib cov hom niaj hnub no, qhia tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ntawm ntau hom anthropological yog ib qho teeb meem rau cov kab lis kev cai me. Tsis tas li, qhov teeb meem no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau txhua tus, vim tias kev sib raug zoo tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ua rau lawv qhov tsis zoo.
tsob ntoo muaj nws cov cag, feem ntau yuav - ib qho, tib yam rau txhua tus. Yog li ntawd, ib tug neeg muaj ib tug poj koob yawm txwv, ntawm tib haiv neeg thiab views. Tam sim no tib neeg nyiam tsim cov zej zog ntau dua, yog li coj peb mus ntxiv thiab ntxiv los ntawm qhov tseeb. Qhov no tsis yog lub teeb pom kev zoo, vim tias tom qab ntawd lub ntiaj teb cov zej zog tuaj yeem sib cais kom tsis muaj dab tsi los sib sau ua ke, thiab qhov no yuav ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab kev puas tsuaj.
Dhau li ntawm cov kev faib tawm no, muaj ntau ntxiv, tab sis lub tswv yim qab lawv yog tib yam hauv qhov tseeb.
neeg hais lus Russia
Anthropological hom neeg Lavxias muaj lawv tus kheej yam ntxwv uas txawv ntawm lwm tus:
- Lub ntsej muag thiab tawv nqaij. Ib feem loj dua yog sawv cev los ntawm cov neeg uas muaj lub teeb thiab blondib qho ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov plaub hau, nrog rau lub teeb los yog ob lub qhov muag sib xyaw. Tsis muaj ntau cov plaub hau tsaus nti thiab qhov muag tsaus.
- plaub hau ntsej muag.
- ntsej muag ntawm qhov dav nruab nrab.
- feem ntau yog cov neeg siab, txawm tus choj ntawm lub qhov ntswg, nrog kab rov tav.
- Ntxhais hauv pliaj, zoo li tsis tau hais tawm ntsej muag ridges.
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm pob txha taub hau nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb, Lavxias teb sab neeg muaj ib tug kwv yees li zoo ib yam rau ib leeg. Txhua yam kev hloov pauv uas zoo li txawv ntawm qhov ib txwm muaj sib xws rau cov qauv ntawm homogeneous hom neeg Lavxias.
qhov sib txawv li no, qhia tsis dhau, tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm cov laj thawj yooj yim, uas txuas nrog, yog li hais, nrog "chaw nyob".
- tsis muaj ciam teb meej hauv Russia;
- muaj ib hom lus uas sawv daws nkag siab (dialects is the standard);
- kev sib raug zoo tsis nyob ib leeg.
Caucasoids
Cov ntsej muag ntsej muag nyob hauv haiv neeg Caucasian yog lub tswv yim dav, vim muaj ntau ntawm lawv. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv qab no:
- Nordic yam (Nordid, Scando-Nordid).
- Trender, East Nordic hom (Eastern Nordid).
- Western B altic hom (Western B altid, B altid).
- Eastern-B altic hom (Eastern B altid, Ost-B altic).
- Falian type (Falid, Dalo-falid).
- Celtic Nordic hom (Celtic Nordid).
Txhua hom muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv uas txawv ntawm nwslwm tus.
