Confederation of the Rhine 1806-1813 Keeb kwm, kev loj hlob

Cov txheej txheem:

Confederation of the Rhine 1806-1813 Keeb kwm, kev loj hlob
Confederation of the Rhine 1806-1813 Keeb kwm, kev loj hlob
Anonim

Thaum lub sijhawm Napoleonic Tsov Rog, daim duab qhia ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, zoo li tag nrho cov teb chaws Europe, tau rov tsim dua. Lub teb chaws no tsis tau koom ua ke nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm ib lub xeev. Hloov chaw, muaj ntau lub hauv paus tseem ceeb, duchies thiab lub nceeg vaj hauv German thaj av. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog ib feem ntawm lub Holy Roman faj tim teb chaws, tab sis tus huab tais, uas feem ntau yog tus kav ntawm Austria, yuav luag tsis muaj hwj chim tshaj nws cov tswv cuab. Napoleon, tau ntes lub teb chaws Yelemees, hloov pauv qhov sib npaug ntawm lub zog hauv nws, sim tsim "lub xeev zoo" nyob rau hauv daim duab ntawm Fabkis.

Yam yuavtsum tau kawm uantej

Austria rau Bonaparte yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg tshaj plaws. Lub Habsburgs yog ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov koom haum tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam Fabkis, tab sis lub sijhawm dhau los lawv cov tub rog tau swb. Napoleon xeeb Confederation ntawm Rhine raws li ib qho kev xaiv rau lub qub xeev system nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nws suav hais tias lub neej ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv lub teb chaws Ottoman thiab qhov nominal primacy ntawm Vienna yuav tsum tsis muaj atavism.

Thawj zaug, Bonaparte tshaj tawm nws cov phiaj xwm tom qab kev yeej ntawm Fabkis hla cov tub rog Lavxias-Austrian xyoo 1805. Tom qab ntawd feem ntau ntawm cov xeev German tau tuav caj npab tawm tsam Austria. Cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt, Württemberg thiab Bavaria koom nrog Napoleon. Txawm tias lawv ntevhesitated thiab tsis ntseeg cov phoojywg, tus huab tais ntawm Fabkis tau muab nqi zog rau lawv. Cov neeg xaiv tsa ntawm Bavaria thiab Württemberg tau txais cov npe muaj koob muaj npe. Tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Baden tsis kam lees txais qhov kev hwm no, paub tias nws cov khoom ntiag tug tsis tau rub rau "kev txhawb nqa", thiab, ua ke nrog Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, tseem yog Grand Duke.

Confederation ntawm Rhine
Confederation ntawm Rhine

Napoleon cov phooj ywg German

Ua ntej lub Confederation ntawm Rhine loyal rau Napoleon tau tsim, cov phoojywg txiav tawm ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lawv thaj av los ntawm Habsburgs. Württemberg yog cov ntsiab lus nrog tau txais ib feem ntawm Swabia, Baden tau txais Breisgau thiab ntau lub nroog. Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Bavaria ntxiv rau Augsburg thiab Tyrol.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov kev faib rov qab ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees tau xaus rau xyoo 1806. Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, ob peb lub nroog dawb uas tseem tshuav los ntawm Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog - Frankfurt, Augsburg thiab Nuremberg - tau poob lawv txoj kev ywj pheej. Tib yam tshwm sim rau sab ntsuj plig kev txiav txim, suav, barons thiab imperial knights. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsev neeg muaj koob npe nrov tshaj plaws hauv German, uas tau muab cov thawj coj ua tub rog thiab cov nom tswv hauv teb chaws Europe, poob lawv cov keeb kwm kev faib tawm. Los ntawm kev tsim lub Confederation ntawm Rhine, Napoleon tsis tau tshem ntawm tag nrho cov ntawm lawv. Qee tus txawm tau txais qee yam tshiab tom qab tuaj txog ntawm Fabkis. Yog li tus huab tais tau xaiv cov neeg txhawb siab ncaj ncees, uas tam sim no kev noj qab haus huv yog nyob ntawm txoj hmoo ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas.

Confederation ntawm Rhine 1806 1813
Confederation ntawm Rhine 1806 1813

Kev sib koom ua ke

Lub Xya Hli 1806, Confederation ntawm Rhine tau tsim. Ua ntej, nws suav nrog 16 lub xeev nyob rau sab qab teb thiab sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes, thiab tom qab ntawd 23 lub xeev me ntxiv tau koom nrog lawv.thawj tswj hwm. Cov tswv cuab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov vaj ntxwv ntawm Württemberg thiab Bavaria. Raws li txoj cai, "eternal union" tau xaus rau ntawm txoj cai sib npaug ntawm txhua lub xeev. Qhov tseeb, qhov tsim tshiab tau dhau los ua satellite ntawm Fabkis. Bonaparte tsis muaj dab tsi pub dawb. Los ntawm muab nws cov neeg txhawb nqa lub npe tshiab thiab kev ywj pheej los ntawm Habsburgs, nws tau ua rau lawv cov vassals.

Hauv qhov tseeb, kev sib koom tes tau ua pov thawj tias yog lub tshuab ua tsov rog luv luv Fabkis xav tau raws li Napoleonic Wars txuas ntxiv mus thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe. Raws li tsab cai lij choj, ntawm thawj qhov kev thov hauv Paris, tus huab tais yuav tsum tau txais 63,000 tus tub rog German tshiab npaj los tiv thaiv nws cov kev txaus siab.

Confederation ntawm Rhine Constitution
Confederation ntawm Rhine Constitution

Counterweight rau Prussia

Tom qab kev swb ntawm Prussia ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Jena thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1806 thiab qhov xaus ntawm Treaty of Tilsit nrog Alexander I nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1807, cov xeev tshiab tau nkag mus rau hauv lub koomhaum. Ntawm lawv thaj chaw, Napoleon tau tsim lub tebchaws Westphalian tshiab nrog nws lub peev hauv Kassel. Nws tus tij laug Jerome Bonaparte tau los ua tus kav nyob ntawd. Frederick Augustus I ntawm Saxony kuj tau txais lub npe huab tais. Tom qab ntawd, cov pejxeem ntawm Confederation ntawm Rhine tau pib muaj 16 lab tus neeg nyob hauv, thiab qhov loj ntawm nws cov tub rog hloov pauv li ntawm 120 txhiab tus tub rog.

Yog Austria twb swb lawm, ces Prussia tseem tabtom tawm tsam Bonaparte. Lub Napoleonic Wars tau ua rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm Frederick William III. Txhawm rau saib xyuas huab tais Prussian, tus huab tais tau tsim Grand Duchy ntawm Berg nrog nws lub peev hauv Düsseldorf, qhov chaw uas nws tus tub xeeb ntxwv Joachim Murat tau muab tso rau ntawm lub zwm txwv.

Napoleonic Tsov rog
Napoleonic Tsov rog

Kingdom of Westphalia

Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1807, lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Westphalia tau tsim. Zoo li Grand Duchy ntawm Berg, nws tau tsim los ua mob taub hau rau Prussia. Qhov kev sim ntawm Bonaparte no yog nws qhov kev txiav txim siab tshaj plaws hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm German av, ib lub xeev subordinate rau Fabkis dynasty tau tsim. Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Westphalia tsis paub tseeb hauv ob qho tib si pej xeem thiab thaj chaw. Nws suav nrog thaj av uas tau tawg mus thoob lub xeev sib txawv. Ntau qhov chaw nrog cov neeg nyob txawv teb chaws tau tshwm sim.

Vim li cas cov neeg German thiaj txo hwj chim ua siab ntev rau cov kev sim thiab kev tsim tawm ntawm Fab Kis? Cov keeb kwm tseem tab tom tsim ntau yam kev xav. Cov tub rog txawj ntse ntawm Bonaparte, nws cov ntxim nyiam ntxim nyiam, tau muaj txiaj ntsig. Nrog nws cov yeej, nws tuag tes tuag taw tag nrho nws cov neeg tawm tsam uas tuaj yeem ua kev tawm tsam tawm tsam tus huab tais. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov Germans tseem tsis tau muaj ib lub teb chaws nco qab. Cov neeg nyob hauv cov thawj tswj hwm me me muaj ntau tus account nrog ib leeg thiab tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau lawv qhov kev tsis txaus siab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tawm tsam Napoleon.

Confederation ntawm Rhine 1806
Confederation ntawm Rhine 1806

Lub hlwb ntawm Bonaparte

Lub 1806 Confederation ntawm Rhine tsim los ntawm Napoleon yog ib qho kev tsim khoom loj heev. Tus huab tais xav tsim tsa hauv nws lub xeev txoj cai tswjfwm nrog kev ywj pheej thiab tib neeg txoj cai raws li txoj cai Fabkis txoj cai. Tab sis nws tau hloov mus ua tsis yooj yim sua los tsim ib qho system rau tag nrho lub union. Cov xeev loj xws li Bavaria tsis xav kom sib npaug nrog cov neeg nyob ze.

Xyoo 1812, Napoleon mus rausab hnub tuaj mus rau Russia. Nrog nws nws coj cov tub rog German zoo tshaj plaws - nws cov tub rog yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv nws lub tebchaws. Tsuas yog ob peb tus neeg ua haujlwm, cov qub tub rog thiab cov neeg xiam oob khab tseem nyob hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Cov Germans tuaj yeem rhuav tshem txoj cai Fab Kis Fab Kis, tab sis lawv tsis ua. Lub Confederation ntawm Rhine (1806-1813) tau khav theeb thiab kev ncaj ncees txawm tias thaum huab tais tau swb lawm hauv Russia.

lub nceeg vaj ntawm bavaria
lub nceeg vaj ntawm bavaria

Txhob Cia Siab

Txawm li cas los xij, txoj hmoo ntawm lub koom haum no tau raug kaw. Tom qab Bonaparte tau swb rau hauv "kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm haiv neeg" nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Leipzig, kev sib koom ua ke tau tawg. Lub teb chaws Yelemees tau muab faib dua, thiab nws cov ciam teb tau txiav txim siab los ntawm lub zog txawv teb chaws ntawm Congress ntawm Vienna. German fragmentation txuas ntxiv mus. Txawm li cas los xij, Lub Tebchaws Roman Dawb Huv yeej tsis tau rov qab los.

Tab sis txawm tias qhov kev sim ua tsis tiav, Confederation ntawm Rhine, uas nws txoj cai lij choj tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm Fab Kis, tau ua pov thawj tias yog ib qho kev paub tseem ceeb. Tom qab ntawd, lwm lub koom haum ntawm German xeev tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab lawv tau txais ib co ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm no Napoleonic brainchild.

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