Aluminium yog cov khoom siv uas tib neeg feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam thiab rau lawv tus kheej xav tau. Xws li ib tug hlau yog hloov tau, raws li zoo raws li resistant rau sab nraud influences. Nws yog non-toxic thiab nyab xeeb rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv. Cov xim nyiaj tso cai rau cov hlau siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Nov yog kev lag luam thiab sab hauv tsev.
Thaum ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam, tib neeg feem ntau xav tias yog txhuas xeb. Txhua tus paub tias yog kev puas tsuaj tshwm rau ntawm daim ntawv, ces corrosion tuaj yeem tsim. Koj yuav tsum paub tias vim li cas aluminium rusts txawv dua li lwm cov alloys. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum paub cov laj thawj vim li cas nws corrodes. Nyeem txog txhua yam no thiab ntau ntxiv hauv peb tsab xov xwm niaj hnub no.
Properties
Cia peb kawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhuas. Cov lus piav qhia hlau melts ntawm qhov kub ntawm 659 degrees Celsius. Qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom yog 2.69103 kg / cm 3. Aluminium belongs rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm active hlau. Corrosion kujnyob ntawm ntau yam:
- Qhov purity ntawm cov hlau. Rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom siv, ib qho hlau yog coj los ntawm nws qhov kev coj dawb huv. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau yam impurities. Dav dav txhuas hom AI1, nrog rau AB2.
- Aluminium ib puag ncig.
- Dab tsi yog qhov concentration ntawm impurities hauv ib puag ncig aluminium.
- Kub.
- PH ntawm ib puag ncig muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo. Koj yuav tsum paub tias txhuas oxide tuaj yeem tsim tau thaum pH nyob nruab nrab ntawm 3 thiab 9. Nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw uas muaj oxide zaj duab xis tam sim ntawd tshwm rau ntawm daim ntawv txhuas, cov txheej txheem corrosion yuav tsis tsim.
Aluminium tiv thaiv corrosion li cas?
Alloys ntawm lwm cov hlau yog nquag xeb. Nws tshwm sim sai sai. Yog tias koj tsim qee yam kev mob rau txhuas, ces nws yuav tsis tawg rau ntau xyoo. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv aluminium los ntawm corrosion, ib zaj duab xis tshwj xeeb yog tsim rau ntawm nws. Nws nteg ib txheej nyias, uas yog los ntawm 3 mus rau 30 nanometers. Nws muaj cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws ntawm txhuas oxide.
Zaj duab xis yog ruaj khov thiab muab cov hlau tiv thaiv ntxiv los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud. Ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem no, huab cua thiab noo noo tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom. Yog tias qhov kev ncaj ncees ntawm oxide txheej raug ua txhaum, ces cov txheej txheem ntawm txhuas corrosion pib. Cov hlau poob nws cov khoom.
Ua rau corrosion
Thaum nws los txog rau lo lus nug ntawm seb puas yog txhuas xeb, nws yuav tsum tau xav txog qhov ua rau ua rau corrosion. Ntau yam sab nraud tuaj yeem ua tauceev cov txheej txheem no. Ua rau xeb ntawm aluminium tuaj yeem ua raws li hauv qab no:
- Kev cuam tshuam nrog cov kua qaub lossis alkali.
- Mechanical siab. Piv txwv li, kev sib txhuam los yog kev cuam tshuam muaj zog, tom qab ntawd ib qho khawb tshwm rau saum txheej hlau.
- Muaj thaj chaw muaj kev lag luam. Hauv lawv, cov khoom lwj ntawm cov roj cuam tshuam rau oxide zaj duab xis thiab ua kom puas. Cov hlau pib deteriorate. Ib qho xwm txheej zoo sib xws tshwm sim hauv megacities, qhov twg cov khoom lwj ntawm cov roj yuav cuam tshuam nrog sulfur, nrog rau cov pa roj carbon oxides. Cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws rhuav tshem cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm aluminium. Tom qab hom kev cuam tshuam sab nraud, aluminium corrodes.
- Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias chlorine, fluorine, nrog rau bromine thiab sodium tuaj yeem yaj cov txheej tiv thaiv ntawm cov hlau.
- Yog lub tsev sib tov nkag mus rau ntawm cov hlau, nws pib deteriorate sai. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, aluminium yog adversely cuam tshuam los ntawm cement.
- Puas yog dej xeb txhuas? Yog tias nws tau txais ntawm daim ntawv, ces cov hlau yuav raug rau cov txheej txheem corrosion. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub meej tias cov kua dej twg muaj qhov cuam tshuam. Ntau tus siv ib qho tshwj xeeb alloy uas tsis corrode los ntawm dej. Nws yog hu ua duralumin. Qhov tshwj xeeb alloy yog siv ua ke nrog tooj liab thiab manganese.
electrochemical corrosion yog dab tsi thiab nws tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm daim ntawv txhuas?
Feem ntau, cov tsos ntawm electrochemical corrosion yog provoked los ntawm ob peb galvanic. Kev puas tsuaj tshwm nyob rau ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm ob qhov sib txawv alloys. Hauv qhov no, xeb yuav pom meej meej. Ib qho tseem ceebyog tias tsuas yog ib qho hlau deteriorates, thiab qhov thib ob yog qhov pib ntawm cov txheej txheem corrosion. Yuav kom tsis txhob ntshai ntawm electrochemical corrosion, koj yuav tsum siv magnesium alloy. Vim yog electrochemical xeb, cov kws tshaj lij tsis pom zoo kom siv cov hlau zoo tib yam hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub cev txhuas.
Yam dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb qeeb?
Muaj ntau yam uas ua rau cov txheej txheem ntawm aluminium corrosion qeeb, thiab qee qhov ntawm lawv nres qhov tshwm sim no. Cov hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
- txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm aluminium kom khaws cia, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tswj hwm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov kua qaub. Qhov ntau yuav tsum yog rau rau yim units.
- Nws ntseeg tau tias cov hlau ntshiab, tsis muaj impurities, zoo dua tiv thaiv ib puag ncig nruj. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua qhov kev sim. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig, nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias cov ntshiab aluminium alloys (90%) muaj kev cuam tshuam rau corrosion ntau dua li cov hlau uas muaj 99% ntawm cov khoom no. Thawj qhov kev xaiv corrodes 80 npaug sai dua qhov thib ob alloy.
- txhawm rau xyuas kom cov hlau tsis plam nws cov khoom ntev dua nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig hnyav, nws raug kho nrog cov xim tshwj xeeb. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv polymer. Tom qab ua tiav, ib txheej tiv thaiv ntxiv tshwm.
- Yog tias koj ntxiv 3% manganese rau cov hlau thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, nws yuav ua tau kom tsis txhob xeb ntawm txhuas.
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej twg pib qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm txhuas hauv huab cua
Qee tus neeg xav tias yog txhuas xeb hauv huab cua. Yog hais tias oxide zaj duab xis nyob rau sab sauvtxheej hlau, txheej txheem corrosion kuj yuav pib. Yog li ntawd, xeb yuav tshwm sim. Kev loj hlob ntawm zaj duab xis nyiam qeeb hauv huab cua ntshiab. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias txhuas oxide muaj adhesion zoo rau cov hlau nto.
Yog tias daim ntawv khaws cia hauv Tshuag, ces zaj duab xis yuav yog los ntawm 0.01 txog 0.02 microns. Yog hais tias cov hlau nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov pa qhuav, ces lub thickness ntawm cov oxide zaj duab xis nyob rau saum npoo yuav yog los ntawm 0.02 mus rau 0.04 microns. Yog hais tias aluminium raug kev kho cua sov, zaj duab xis thickness hloov. Nws yuav muab 0.1 µm.
Aluminium yog suav tias yog ruaj txaus siv sab nraum zoov. Piv txwv li, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob deb nroog, thiab nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb industrial cheeb tsam.
dej cuam tshuam li cas rau cov lus piav qhia?
Corrosion ntawm txhuas hauv dej tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau txheej sab saum toj thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv. Qhov kub siab ntawm cov kua ua rau cov hlau puas sai sai. Yog hais tias txhuas yog muab tso rau hauv dej tshiab, ces cov txheej txheem corrosion yuav xyaum tsis raug cai. Yog tias koj nce qhov kub ntawm cov dej, ces kev hloov pauv tsis tuaj yeem pom. Thaum cov kua tau rhuab mus rau qhov kub ntawm 80 degrees thiab saum toj no, cov hlau pib deteriorate.
Tus nqi corrosion ntawm txhuas nce yog alkali nkag mus rau hauv dej. Cov hlau tau piav qhia yog rhiab heev rau ntsev. Yog li ntawd, dej hiav txwv yog kev puas tsuaj rau nws. Txhawm rau siv cov hlau no hauv dej hiav txwv, nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv magnesium lossis silicon rau cov kua. Yog hais tias koj siv ib daim ntawv txhuas, nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeguas muaj tooj liab, ces qhov corrosion ntawm alloy yuav ua sai npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom ntshiab.
Puas yog sulfuric acid txaus ntshai rau txhuas?
Tib neeg xav paub yog tias txhuas xeb hauv sulfuric acid. Xws li cov kua qaub muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau cov hlau. Nws muaj oxidizing zog. Lawv rhuav tshem cov oxide zaj duab xis thiab ua kom cov hlau corrosion.
Ib qho ntsiab lus nthuav yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob txias tsis cuam tshuam rau txhuas. Yog hais tias txhuas yog rhuab, ces hlau corrosion txheej txheem yuav pib. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug ntsev tshwm, nws yog hu ua txhuas sulfate. Nws yog soluble hauv dej.
Resistance ntawm txhuas hauv nitric acid
Cov hlau tau piav qhia yog qhov muaj zog tiv thaiv thaum nws nkag mus rau cov tshuaj nitric acid. Nws feem ntau yog tsim los ua kom muaj nitric acid.
Cov tshuaj twg tsis cuam tshuam rau txhuas?
Tsis txhob ntshai cov txheej txheem corrosion yog tias txhuas tuaj yeem tiv nrog citric acid. Malic acid thiab kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsis hloov cov khoom ntawm nws cov alloy. Roj muaj qhov cuam tshuam me ntsis ntawm cov hlau uas muaj txhuas.
Yuav hlau corrode tiv nrog alkali?
Tsis txhob cia txhuas tuaj yeem tiv nrog ntau yam alkalis. Lawv yooj yim rhuav tshem cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv rau saum txheej. Cov hlau reacts nrog dej, tom qab uas hydrogen pib tawm. Cov txheej txheem ntawm corrosion tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no sai sai. Mercury thiab tooj liab kuj ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv txheej txheem ntawm txhuas.
Yog li peb pom yog tias aluminium xeb. Raws li koj tau pom, nws tsis tas yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo.
