Rau thaj chaw txhais ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov thawj coj hauv tebchaws Russia, nyob nruab nrab ntawm Volga thiab Oka hauv IX-XII centuries, lo lus "North-Eastern Russia" tau txais los ntawm cov keeb kwm. Nws txhais tau tias thaj av nyob hauv Rostov, Suzdal, Vladimir. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb kuj tseem siv tau, qhia txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub xeev cov koom haum hauv ntau xyoo - "Rostov-Suzdal Principality", "Vladimir-Suzdal Principality", thiab kuj "Grand Duchy of Vladimir". Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub XIII caug xyoo, Russia, uas yog hu ua North-Eastern, yeej tsis muaj nyob - ntau yam tshwm sim pab rau qhov no.
Grand Dukes ntawm Rostov
Tag nrho peb lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm North-Eastern Russia koom tib lub tebchaws, tsuas yog cov peev thiab cov thawj coj hloov pauv xyoo sib txawv. Thawj lub nroog tsim nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no yog Rostov lub Great, nyob rau hauv lub annals ntawm uas nws tau hais nyob rau hauv 862 AD. e. Ua ntej nws lub hauv paus, Merya thiab Ves pab pawg, ntsig txog cov neeg Finno-Ugric, nyob ntawm no. Cov pab pawg neeg Slavic tsis nyiam daim duab no, thiab lawv yog Krivichi,Vyatichi, Ilmen Slovenes - pib ua kom muaj neeg nyob hauv thaj av no.
Tom qab tsim Rostov, uas yog ib qho ntawm tsib lub nroog loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm Kyiv prince Oleg, kev hais txog Merya thiab Vesi pib tshwm sim tsawg zaus hauv keeb kwm. Rau qee lub sijhawm, Rostov tau tswj hwm los ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas ntawm Kievan princes, tab sis nyob rau hauv 987 Yaroslav the Wise, tus tub ntawm Vladimir, tus huab tais ntawm Kyiv, twb kav lub thawj tswj hwm. Los ntawm 1010 - Boris Vladimirovich. Kom txog rau thaum 1125, thaum lub peev tau pauv los ntawm Rostov mus rau Suzdal, tus thawj tswj hwm tau dhau los ntawm tes mus rau tes tam sim no mus rau cov thawj coj ntawm Kyiv, ces nws muaj nws tus kheej kav. Cov nom tswv nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Rostov - Vladimir Monomakh thiab Yuri Dolgoruky - tau ua ntau yam los xyuas kom meej tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm North-Eastern Russia coj mus rau txoj kev vam meej ntawm cov av, tab sis tsis ntev, tib Dolgoruky tsiv lub peev mus rau Suzdal, qhov chaw uas nws kav mus txog rau thaum 1149.. Tab sis nws ua tau ntau fortresses thiab cathedrals nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm tib lub fortification nrog hnyav proportions, squat. Raws li Dolgoruky, sau ntawv thiab siv kos duab tsim.
Rostov's legacy
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Rostov yog, txawm li cas los xij, tseem ceeb heev rau keeb kwm ntawm cov xyoo ntawd. Nyob rau hauv annals ntawm 913-988. Cov lus qhia "Rostov av" feem ntau pom - ib thaj chaw nplua nuj nyob rau hauv kev ua si, crafts, crafts, ntoo thiab pob zeb architecture. Nyob rau hauv 991, ib tug ntawm cov hiob diocese nyob rau hauv Russia - Rostov - tsis yog tsim los ntawm lub caij nyoog. Lub sijhawm ntawd, lub nroog yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm North-Eastern Russia, ua kev lag luam hnyav nrog rau lwm qhov chaw,Cov neeg txawj ntse, cov neeg tsim khoom, cov neeg tua phom tuaj yeem mus rau Rostov … Txhua tus tub huabtais Lavxias tau sim ua kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua. Txhua qhov chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thaj av uas tau cais tawm ntawm Kyiv, txoj kev ntseeg tshiab tau nthuav tawm.
Tom qab Yuri Dolgoruky tsiv mus rau Suzdal, Rostov tau txiav txim los ntawm Izyaslav Mstislavovich rau qee lub sijhawm, tab sis maj mam cuam tshuam lub nroog thaum kawg ploj mus, thiab nws tsis tshua tau hais hauv keeb kwm. Lub hauv paus ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm tau tsiv mus rau Suzdal rau ib nrab xyoo pua.
Cov nom tswv kav nom tswv tau tsim vaj tsev rau lawv tus kheej, thaum cov kws txawj thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb cog qoob loo hauv cov tsev ntoo. Lawv lub tsev zoo li cov cellars, cov khoom siv hauv tsev feem ntau yog ntoo. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov chaw illuminated los ntawm torches, unsurpassed khoom, khaub ncaws, khoom kim heev yug. Txhua yam uas cov nom tswv hnav ntawm lawv tus kheej thiab nrog cov uas lawv dai lawv cov yees yog ua los ntawm txhais tes ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab cov neeg txawj ntse. Cov kab lis kev cai zoo kawg nkaus ntawm North-Eastern Russia tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev thatched ntawm ntoo huts.
Rostov-Suzdal Principality
Lub sijhawm luv luv ntawd, thaum Suzdal yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm North-Eastern Russia, tsuas yog peb tus thawj tswj hwm tswj hwm tus thawj tswj hwm. Ntxiv rau Yuri nws tus kheej, nws cov tub Vasilko Yuryevich thiab Andrey Yuryevich, lub npe hu ua Bogolyubsky, thiab tom qab ntawd, tom qab hloov lub peev mus rau Vladimir (hauv 1169), Mstislav Rostislavovich Bezokiy kav Suzdal rau ib xyoos, tab sis nws tsis ua lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb. nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm Russia. Txhua tus thawj coj ntawm North-Eastern Russia tuaj ntawm Rurikovich, tab sis tsis yog txhua tus neeg tsim nyog ua nws zoo.
Lub peev tshiab ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm muaj ob pebhluas dua Rostov thiab yog Ameslikas hu ua Suzhdal. Nws ntseeg tias lub nroog tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm cov lus "tsim" lossis "tsim". Thawj zaug tom qab tsim ntawm Suzdal yog ib lub fortress fortress thiab tau txiav txim los ntawm princely tswv xeev. Nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua XII, muaj ib co kev loj hlob ntawm lub nroog, thaum Rostov pib maj mam, tab sis muaj tseeb poob rau hauv lwj. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1125, raws li twb tau hais lawm, Yuri Dolgoruky tawm ib zaug zoo Rostov.
Nyob rau hauv Yuri, uas yog lub npe hu ua tus tsim ntawm Moscow, lwm yam xwm txheej tsis tseem ceeb me me rau keeb kwm ntawm Russia tau tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, nws yog thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Dolgoruky hais tias lub North-Eastern thawj tswj hwm mus ib txhis cais lawv tus kheej los ntawm Kyiv. Lub luag haujlwm loj hauv qhov no tau ua si los ntawm ib tus tub ntawm Yuri - Andrei Bogolyubsky, uas tau hlub nws txiv txoj kev hlub thiab tsis tuaj yeem xav txog nws tus kheej yam tsis muaj nws.
Kev tawm tsam cov tub rog thiab xaiv lub peev tshiab ntawm Russia
Cov phiaj xwm ntawm Yuri Dolgoruky, uas nws pom nws cov tub hlob ua tus thawj tswj hwm yav qab teb, thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas ua tus kav Rostov thiab Suzdal, tsis yog lub hom phiaj los ua qhov tseeb. Tab sis lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv qee txoj kev tseem ceeb dua. Yog li, Andrew tau tshaj tawm nws tus kheej tias yog ib tug neeg txawj ntse thiab pom kev deb. Nws tus cwj pwm tsis zoo raug sim hauv txhua txoj hauv kev los txwv cov boyars suav nrog hauv nws pawg sab laj, tab sis txawm tias ntawm no Bogolyubsky tau qhia nws lub siab nyiam, tsiv lub peev ntawm Suzdal mus rau Vladimir, thiab tom qab ntawd ntes Kyiv nws tus kheej hauv 1169..
Txawm li cas los xij, lub peev ntawm Kievan Rus tsis nyiam tus txiv neej no. Tau yeej ob lub nroog thiab lub npe ntawm "Grand Duke", nws tsis nyob hauv Kyiv, tab sis tau tsa nws tus kwv yau Gleb ua tus tswv xeev hauv nws. Rostov thiab Suzdal, nws kuj coj ib tug me meLub luag haujlwm hauv keeb kwm ntawm cov xyoo ntawd, txij li thaum lub sijhawm ntawd Vladimir yog lub peev ntawm North-Eastern Russia. Nws yog lub nroog no uas Andrei xaiv los ua nws qhov chaw nyob hauv 1155, ntev ua ntej lub conquest ntawm Kyiv. Los ntawm cov thawj tswj hwm yav qab teb, qhov chaw uas nws kav rau qee lub sijhawm, nws coj mus rau Vladimir lub cim ntawm Vyshgorod Niam ntawm Vajtswv, uas nws hwm heev.
Kev xaiv lub peev tau ua tiav zoo: yuav luag ob puas xyoo lub nroog no tuav lub xibtes hauv Russia. Rostov thiab Suzdal sim ua kom rov qab tau lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo yav dhau los, tab sis txawm tias tom qab tuag ntawm Andrei, uas nws cov laus laus li Grand Duke tau lees paub nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws Lavxias, tshwj tsis yog tej zaum Chernigov thiab Galich, lawv tsis ua tiav..
kev sib cav sib ceg
Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Andrei Bogolyubsky, cov neeg ntawm Suzdal thiab Rostov tig mus rau cov tub Rostislav Yuryevich - Yaropolk thiab Mstislav - nyob rau hauv kev cia siab tias lawv txoj cai yuav rov qab lub nroog mus rau lawv lub qub koob meej, tab sis lub sij hawm tos. Kev koom ua ke ntawm North-Eastern Russia tsis tuaj.
Vladimir tau kav los ntawm cov tub yau ntawm Yuri Dolgoruky - Mikhalko thiab Vsevolod. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, lub peev tshiab tau ntxiv dag zog rau nws qhov tseem ceeb. Andrei tau ua ntau yam rau qhov no: nws ua tiav kev tsim kho, thaum lub sijhawm nws kav lub npe nrov Assumption Cathedral tau txhim tsa, nws txawm nrhiav kev tsim kom muaj ib lub nroog tshwj xeeb hauv nws tus thawj tswj hwm, txhawm rau sawv ntsug ntawm Kyiv hauv qhov no thiab.
North-Eastern Russia thaum lub sij hawm kav ntawm Bogolyubsky tau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev sib sau ua ke ntawm Lavxias teb sab av, thiab tom qab ntawd lub hauv paus ntawm lub Great Lavxias teb sab xeev. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Andrei, lub Smolensk thiab Ryazan princes Mstislav thiab Yaropolk, cov me nyuam ntawm ib tug ntawm cov tub ntawm Dolgoruky Rostislav, sim.tuav lub hwj chim hauv Vladimir, tab sis lawv txiv ntxawm Mikhail thiab Vsevolod muaj zog dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm tus tub huabtais Chernigov Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich. Kev ua tsov ua rog internecine tau siv sijhawm ntau dua peb xyoos, tom qab uas Vladimir tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm lub nroog loj ntawm North-Eastern Russia, tawm hauv Suzdal thiab Rostov ntau tus thawj tswj hwm.
YFrom Kyiv to Moscow
North-Eastern thaj av ntawm Russia los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd muaj ntau lub nroog thiab cov nroog. Yog li, lub peev tshiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv 990 los ntawm Vladimir Svyatoslavovich li Vladimir-on-Klyazma. Kwv yees li nees nkaum xyoo tom qab nws tsim, lub nroog, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub Rostov-Suzdal tus thawj tswj hwm, tsis muaj kev txaus siab ntau ntawm cov thawj tswj hwm (txog 1108). Lub sijhawm no, lwm tus tub huabtais, Vladimir Monomakh, tau coj nws txoj kev txhawb zog. Nws muab lub nroog ua lub chaw ruaj khov ntawm North-Eastern Russia.
Qhov tseeb tias lub nroog me me no thaum kawg yuav dhau los ua lub nroog loj hauv tebchaws Lavxias, tsis muaj leej twg xav txog. Ntau xyoo dhau mus ua ntej Andrew tig nws lub siab rau nws thiab tsiv lub peev ntawm nws tus thawj tswj hwm nyob rau ntawd, uas yuav nyob twj ywm rau yuav luag ob puas xyoo ntxiv.
Txij thaum lub sijhawm cov dukes loj pib hu ua Vladimir, tsis yog Kyiv, lub nroog qub ntawm Russia tau poob nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, tab sis kev txaus siab rau nws tsis muaj qhov ploj ntawm cov thawj coj. Txhua tus neeg suav hais tias nws yog kev hwm rau kev tswj hwm Kyiv. Tab sis los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua XIV, ib zaug outlying lub nroog ntawm Vladimir-Suzdal thawj tswj hwm - Moscow - maj mam, tab sis muaj tseeb pib sawv. Vladimir, zoo li Rostov nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm, thiab cesSuzdal - kom poob lawv lub hwj chim. Qhov kev txav ntawm Metropolitan Peter mus rau Belokamennaya nyob rau hauv 1328 tau pab ntau heev rau qhov no. Cov thawj coj ntawm North-Eastern Russia tau tawm tsam ntawm lawv tus kheej, thiab cov thawj coj ntawm Moscow thiab Tver tau sim txhua txoj hauv kev kom yeej qhov zoo ntawm lub nroog loj ntawm Lavxias teb sab av los ntawm Vladimir.
Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua XIV tau cim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov tswv hauv zos tau txais txoj cai hu ua Grand Dukes ntawm Moscow, yog li qhov zoo ntawm Moscow tshaj lwm lub nroog tau pom tseeb. Grand Duke ntawm Vladimir Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy yog tus kawg los tuav lub npe no, tom qab nws tag nrho cov rulers ntawm Russia hu ua Grand Dukes ntawm Moscow. Yog li xaus txoj kev loj hlob ntawm North-Eastern Russia ua ib qho kev ywj pheej thiab txawm tias tus thawj tswj hwm tseem ceeb.
Crushing the one mighty principality
Tom qab lub nroog loj tau tsiv mus rau Moscow, tus thawj tswj hwm Vladimir tau faib. Vladimir tau pauv mus rau Suzdal tub huabtais Alexander Vasilyevich, Veliky Novgorod thiab Kostroma raug coj los ntawm Moscow tub huabtais Ivan Danilovich Kalita. Txawm tias Yuri Dolgoruky npau suav ntawm kev sib sau North-Eastern Russia nrog Veliky Novgorod - thaum kawg, qhov no tshwm sim, tab sis tsis ntev.
Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Suzdal tub huabtais Alexander Vasilyevich, xyoo 1331, nws thaj av tau dhau mus rau cov thawj coj ntawm Moscow. Thiab 10 xyoo tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1341, thaj tsam ntawm yav dhau los North-Eastern Russia tau rov ua dua tshiab: Nizhny Novgorod dhau mus rau Suzdal, zoo li Gorodets, thaum lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm Vladimir nyob mus ib txhis nrog cov thawj coj hauv Moscow, uas los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, raws li twb tau hais lawm.nws tau hais, kuj ris lub npe ntawm lub Great. Qhov no yog li cas Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal thawj tswj hwm tau tshwm sim.
Kev tawm tsam tawm tsam North-Eastern Russia ntawm cov thawj coj los ntawm sab qab teb thiab nruab nrab ntawm lub tebchaws, lawv cov tub rog, tau pab me ntsis rau kev txhim kho kab lis kev cai thiab kev kos duab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tuam tsev tshiab tau tsim nyob txhua qhov chaw, hauv kev tsim cov txuj ci zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev kos duab thiab khoom siv tes ua. Lub tsev kawm ntawv lub teb chaws ntawm cov duab kos duab tau tsim nrog cov yeeb yuj zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, ua ke nrog Byzantine painting.
ntes cov av Lavxias los ntawm Mongol-Tatars
Kev tsov kev rog sib ntaus sib tua tau ua rau muaj kev txom nyem ntau rau cov neeg ntawm Russia, thiab cov thawj coj tsis tu ncua sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lawv tus kheej, tab sis qhov xwm txheej phem dua tuaj nrog Mongols-Tatars thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1238. Tag nrho North-Eastern Russia (lub nroog ntawm Rostov, Yaroslavl, Moscow, Vladimir, Suzdal, Uglich, Tver) tsis yog tsuas yog puas - nws tau xyaum hlawv rau hauv av. Cov tub rog ntawm Vladimir Tub Vaj Ntxwv Yuri Vsevolodovich tau kov yeej los ntawm detachment ntawm temnik Burundai, tus huab tais nws tus kheej tuag, thiab nws tus tij laug Yaroslav Vsevolodovich raug yuam kom xa mus rau Horde hauv txhua yam. Cov Mongol-Tatars tsuas yog lees paub tias nws yog tus hlob tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus huab tais Lavxias, qhov tseeb, nws yog lawv tus uas kav txhua yam. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov swb ntawm Russia, tsuas yog Veliky Novgorod tswj kom ciaj sia.
Xyoo 1259, Alexander Nevsky tau ua kev suav pej xeem hauv Novgorod, tsim nws tus kheej lub tswv yim ntawm tsoomfwv thiab ntxiv dag zog rau nws txoj haujlwm hauv txhua txoj hauv kev. Peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, cov neeg sau se raug tua nyob rau hauv Yaroslavl, Rostov, Suzdal, Pereyaslavl thiab Vladimir, North-Eastern Russia rov khov rau hauv kev cia siab tias yuav muaj kev tawm tsam thiab puas tsuaj. Qhov kev rau txim no tau ua tiavzam - Alexander Nevsky tus kheej tau mus rau Horde thiab tswj kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem, tab sis tuag ntawm txoj kev rov qab los. Nws tshwm sim hauv 1263. Nws tsuas yog los ntawm nws txoj kev siv zog uas nws muaj peev xwm tswj hwm tus thawj tswj hwm Vladimir hauv qee qhov kev ncaj ncees, tom qab kev tuag ntawm Alexander nws tau tawg mus rau hauv kev ywj pheej destiny.
Kev ywj pheej ntawm Russia los ntawm tus quab ntawm Mongol-Tatars, kev txhawb siab ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kab lis kev cai
Cov no yog xyoo txaus ntshai … Ntawm ib sab - kev cuam tshuam ntawm North-Eastern Russia, ntawm qhov tod tes - kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis tu ncua ntawm cov thawj coj tseem muaj sia nyob rau kev muaj av tshiab. Txhua tus neeg raug kev txom nyem: ob tus thawj coj thiab lawv cov neeg. Liberation los ntawm Mongol Khans tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1362. Cov tub rog Lavxias-Lithuanian raws li kev txib ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Olgerd kov yeej cov Mongol-Tatars mus ib txhis tshem tawm cov nom tswv zoo li no los ntawm thaj chaw Vladimir-Suzdal, Muscovy, Pskov thiab Novgorod.
Lub xyoo siv nyob rau hauv tus yeeb ncuab quab yuam muaj kev puas tsuaj loj: kab lis kev cai ntawm North-Eastern Russia poob rau hauv kev poob tag. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov nroog, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tuam tsev, kev rhuav tshem ntawm ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov pej xeem thiab, vim li ntawd, kev poob ntawm qee yam khoom siv tes ua. Rau ob thiab ib nrab xyoo pua, kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev lag luam ntawm lub xeev tau nres. Ntau lub monuments ntawm ntoo thiab pob zeb architecture tuag nyob rau hauv hluav taws los yog raug coj mus rau Horde. Ntau txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tsim kho, kav dej thiab lwm yam khoom siv tes ua tau ploj mus. Ntau lub monuments ntawm kev sau ntawv ploj mus yam tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev, sau keeb kwm, siv kos duab, kos duab poob rau hauv kev poob tag. Nws siv yuav luag ib nrab xyoo rov qab lostus me me uas tau txais kev cawmdim. Tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua tshiab tau tshwm sim sai heev.
Cov haiv neeg ntawm thaj av uas raug kev puas tsuaj tau tswj hwm lawv lub tebchaws tshwj xeeb thiab kev hlub rau cov kab lis kev cai qub. Nyob rau hauv qee txoj kev, xyoo ntawm kev vam khom rau Mongol-Tatars tau tshwm sim ntawm hom tshiab ntawm kev siv kos duab rau Russia.
Kev sib sau ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab thaj av
Tom qab kev ywj pheej los ntawm tus quab, ntau thiab ntau tus tub huabtais Lavxias tau txiav txim siab nyuaj rau lawv thiab tawm tswv yim txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lawv cov khoom rau hauv ib lub xeev. Novgorod thiab Pskov av tau dhau los ua qhov chaw ntawm kev txhawb siab thiab kev hlub ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Lavxias. Nws nyob ntawm no tias cov neeg muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo pib los ntawm cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb thiab nruab nrab, nqa nrog lawv cov kev cai qub ntawm lawv cov kab lis kev cai, kev sau ntawv, thiab architecture. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Lavxias teb sab av thiab kev txhawb siab ntawm kab lis kev cai yog kev cuam tshuam ntawm Moscow tus thawj tswj hwm, qhov twg ntau cov ntaub ntawv qub, phau ntawv, kev ua yeeb yam tau khaws cia.
Kev tsim kho lub nroog thiab cov tuam tsev, nrog rau cov qauv tiv thaiv, tau pib. Tver tau dhau los ua thawj lub nroog hauv North-Eastern Russia, qhov chaw tsim kho pob zeb pib. Peb tab tom tham txog kev tsim kho lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm tus Cawm Seej nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm Vladimir-Suzdal architecture. Hauv txhua lub nroog, nrog rau cov qauv kev tiv thaiv, cov tsev teev ntuj thiab cov tsev teev ntuj tau tsim: Tus Cawm Seej ntawm Ilna, Peter thiab Paul hauv Kozhevniki, Vasily ntawm Gorka hauv Pskov, Epiphany hauv Zapskovye thiab ntau lwm tus. Keeb kwm ntawm North-Eastern Russia tau tshwm sim thiab txuas ntxiv hauv cov tsev no.
Painting tau rov kho dua los ntawm Feofan Greek, Daniil Cherny thiab Andrey Rublev - tus kws kos duab nto moo Lavxias teb sab. Cov kws tsim khoom siv nyiaj kub tau rov tsim dua cov tsev teev ntuj uas ploj lawm, ntau tus kws kos duab tau ua haujlwm los kho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom hauv teb chaws, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, thiab khaub ncaws. Ntau pua xyoo tseem ciaj sia mus txog hnub no.
