"Greek hluav taws": ib qho ntawm cov riam phom tsis meej tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm

"Greek hluav taws": ib qho ntawm cov riam phom tsis meej tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm
"Greek hluav taws": ib qho ntawm cov riam phom tsis meej tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm
Anonim

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, thawj zaug "Greek hluav taws" tau siv nyob rau hauv 673 thaum lub sij hawm tiv thaiv ntawm Constantinople los ntawm lub siege ntawm cov Arabs. Tom qab ntawd ib qho kev tsim vaj tsev tsis pub leej twg paub, qhov tseeb muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom uas tsis sib haum xeeb hauv peb lub sijhawm, tau cawm lub peev Byzantine. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias ua ntej ntawd, riam phom nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws tsis tau siv hauv kev ua tub rog tsis sib haum xeeb. Qhov tseeb yog tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws txoj kev siv tau dhau los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas qhov ze tshaj plaws analogue rau nws tsuas yog hu ua lub foob pob atomic ntawm Nyiv lub nroog ntawm Hiroshima thiab Nagasaki xyoo 1945.

Greek hluav taws
Greek hluav taws

Lub sijhawm ntawd, kev tawm tsam ntawm Constantinople tau ua tiav los ntawm hiav txwv, vim tias los ntawm thaj av lub nroog yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv nws tus kheej los ntawm cov neeg Arab ntau, tus kws tshaj lij Kallinikos tau xa mus rau lub sijhawm ntawd tus huab tais huab tais Constantine IV daim ntawv qhia rau qhov tsis paub txog kev sib xyaw ua ke, uas yuav tsum tau tshem tawm tag nrho cov nkoj tua rog. Tus kav tsis muaj kev xaiv tsuas yog siv sijhawm thiab siv "Greek hluav taws". Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov Arabs xav tsis thoob tias lawv tau khiav hauv kev ntshai, thiabfeem ntau ntawm lawv cov nkoj tau hlawv rau hauv av.

Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm riam phom tshiab yog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg kub hnyiab hauv av thiab hauv dej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis muaj qhov taw tes rau kev tua nws, vim tias thaum sib cuam tshuam nrog dej, hluav taws tsuas yog nce, thiab nws tsis muaj tseeb los cawm lub nkoj raug rho tawm los ntawm nws. Cov khoom siv raw rau "Greek hluav taws" tau muab tso rau hauv lub nkoj, uas tau muab pov rau ntawm tus yeeb ncuab vim muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib tov tau nchuav tawm thiab ignited vim muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog huab cua. Yav tom ntej, riam phom tshiab tau cawm Constantinople los ntawm Arab tawm tsam ntau dua ib zaug.

Greek hluav taws hauv kev ua tub rog
Greek hluav taws hauv kev ua tub rog

Qee lub sijhawm tom qab, Byzantine engineers ua tiav cov txheej txheem pov tseg. Lawv lub nkoj tau pib txhim kho cov kav dej tshwj xeeb los ntawm qhov "Greek hluav taws" raug tso tawm los ntawm kev siv lub twj tso kua mis thiab lub tshuab nqus dej. Kev txhaj tshuaj tau nrog lub suab nrov nrov, uas ua rau cov yeeb ncuab ntshai. Cov thawj coj ntawm Byzantine khaws cia qhov sib xyaw ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke tsis pub leej twg paub, thiab ntau qhov kev sim los ntawm lwm tus neeg los nrhiav pom qhov zais cia no ua tsis tiav. Tsuas yog tsib caug xyoo tom qab, Emperor Alexei III poob lub hwj chim thiab khiav tawm hauv lub tebchaws. Yim xyoo tom qab ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm siege ntawm Syrian Damietta, lub Saracens siv no riam phom.

Txawm tias tom qab poob nws qhov kev zais cia, "Greek hluav taws" hauv kev ua tub rog tau siv sijhawm ntev heev thiab poob nws qhov cuam tshuam tsuas yog tom qab kev tsim phom. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm kawg ntawm nws siv hnub rov qab mus rau 1453. Thaum lub sij hawm siege ntawm tib Constantinople, resorted mus rau kev pab los ntawm ib tug combustible sib tovtiv thaiv Byzantines, thiab tawm tsam Turks, uas tau ua kev zoo siab rau lawv txoj kev yeej.

raw khoom rau hluav taws Greek
raw khoom rau hluav taws Greek

Tom qab ntawd, cov lus zais ntawm qhov sib tov tau ploj mus, thiab ntau tus kws sau keeb kwm tau mob siab rau ntau xyoo los tshawb nrhiav cov ntsiab lus, tab sis qhov no tsis ua rau muaj kev vam meej. Vim qhov tseeb tias "Greek hluav taws" hlawv zoo rau hauv dej, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb sib cav tias cov roj tau ua lub hauv paus rau nws qhov kev npaj. Lub tswv yim tshaj plaws yog tias qhov sib tov tau txais los ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntshiab sulfur nrog roj. Tom qab ntawd nws yog boiled thiab teem rau hluav taws. Raws li rau cov proportions ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, nws tseem yog ib tug paub tsis meej.

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