Los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv chemistry chav kawm peb paub tias yog peb noj ib qho mole ntawm ib yam khoom, ces nws yuav muaj 6.02214084(18)•10^23 atoms lossis lwm yam khoom siv (molecules, ions, thiab lwm yam). Kom yooj yim, tus lej Avogadro feem ntau yog sau rau hauv daim ntawv no: 6.02 • 10^23.
Txawm li cas los xij, yog vim li cas Avogadro tas li (hauv Ukrainian "ua Avogadro") sib npaug ntawm tus nqi no? Tsis muaj lus teb rau lo lus nug no nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv, thiab chemistry historians muaj ntau yam versions. Nws zoo nkaus li tias Avogadro tus lej muaj qee lub ntsiab lus zais cia. Tom qab tag nrho, muaj cov lej khawv koob, qhov twg qee tus xa mus rau tus lej "pi", fibonacci tus lej, xya (yim nyob rau sab hnub tuaj), 13, thiab lwm yam. Peb yuav tawm tsam cov ntaub ntawv nqus tsev. Peb yuav tsis tham txog leej twg Amedeo Avogadro yog leej twg, thiab yog vim li cas, ntxiv rau txoj cai nws tsim, qhov pom tas mus li, ib lub qhov tsua ntawm lub hli kuj tau muaj npe nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb no. Ntau cov ntawv twb tau sau txog qhov no.
Kom meej meej, Amedeo Avogadro tsis suav cov molecules lossis atoms hauv ib lub ntim tshwj xeeb. Thawj zaug sim xyuas seb muaj pes tsawg molecules ntawm cov roj
muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub ntim ntawm tib lub siab thiab kub, yog Josef Loschmidt, thiab nws yog nyob rau hauv 1865. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws qhov kev sim, Loschmidt tau xaus lus tias hauv ib lub cubic centimeter ntawm cov pa roj hauv ib txwm muaj 2.68675 • 10^19 molecules.
Tom qab ntawd, ntau txoj hauv kev ywj pheej tau tsim los txiav txim siab tus lej Avogadro, thiab txij li cov txiaj ntsig rau feem ntau coincided, qhov no rov hais dua rau qhov muaj tiag ntawm cov molecules. Tam sim no, tus naj npawb ntawm cov txheej txheem tau tshaj 60, tab sis nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau sim ntxiv txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev kwv yees txhawm rau qhia lub ntsiab lus tshiab ntawm lo lus "kilogram". Txog tam sim no, tus kilogram yog muab piv nrog cov khoom siv xaiv yam tsis muaj kev txhais lus.
Tab sis rov qab rau peb lo lus nug - yog vim li cas qhov no sib npaug li 6.022 • 10^23?
Hauv chemistry, xyoo 1973, kom yooj yim hauv kev suav, nws tau npaj siab los qhia txog lub tswvyim xws li "ntau npaum li cas". Lub hauv paus chav ntsuas ntsuas kom muaj nuj nqis yog lub mole. Raws li IUPAC cov lus pom zoo, tus nqi ntawm ib yam khoom yog proportional rau tus naj npawb ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Tus proportionality coefficient tsis nyob ntawm seb yam khoom, thiab tus naj npawb Avogadro yog nws reciprocal.
Rau qhov tseeb, cia peb ua piv txwv. Raws li paub los ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm atomic mass unit, 1 a.m.u. sib raug rau ib kaum ob ntawm qhov loj ntawm ib cov pa roj carbon atom 12C thiab yog 1.66053878•10^(−24) grams. Yog peb muab 1a.u.m. Los ntawm Avogadro tas li, koj tau txais 1.000 g / mol. Tam sim no cia peb coj qee yam tshuaj, hais, beryllium. Raws li lub rooj, qhov loj ntawm ib atom ntawm beryllium yog 9.01 amu. Cia peb xam seb ib mole ntawm atoms ntawm lub caij no sib npaug rau:
6.02 x 10^23 mol-11.66053878x10^(−24) gram9.01=9.01 gram/mol.
Yog li, nws hloov tawm tias cov molar loj yog tus lej tib yam li atomic mass.
Avogadro qhov tas li tau xaiv tshwj xeeb kom cov molar loj sib haum rau atomic lossis dimensionless tus nqi - qhov txheeb ze molecular (atomic) huab hwm coj. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias tus naj npawb Avogadro tshuav nws qhov tsos, ntawm ib sab, mus rau atomic mass unit, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, mus rau chav tsev feem ntau lees txais kev sib piv huab hwm coj - gram.
