Lusatian Serbs yog cov haiv neeg tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm tam sim no, uas suav nrog pawg neeg Slavic. Thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yog ib tug ncaj xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau ancient haiv neeg ntawm cov teb chaws Europe - lub Polabian Slavs, nrog rau cov Serbs, Croats thiab lwm yam Slavs uas nyob rau hauv lub Balkans hnub no. Tab sis lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Serbs thiab lawv cov Lusatian counterparts tsuas yog txiav txim siab nrog kev pab ntawm DNA tsom xam. Vim li cas cov kwv tij neej tsa niaj hnub no txawv li no? Thiab yog vim li cas cov Lusatian Serbs, uas nws cov duab tsis qhia txog kev sib cais muaj zog ntawm ib puag ncig German, yog li txhawj xeeb txog lawv lub tebchaws? Qhov no yuav tham hauv kab lus no.
Polabian Slavs - pawg neeg laus tshaj plaws Slavic haiv neeg
Polabsky Slavs muaj lawv tus kheej lub xeev, uas tau tsim los ntawm ib pab pawg neeg: Lutiches, Bodrichs thiab Serbs. Cov koom haum pab pawg neeg yog ib txoj hauv kev los txhim kho lub hwj chim ntawm cov pagan Slavs, ncaj qha ntsig txog cov kev cai dab qhuas lawv ua kev zoo siab. Rau lub hom phiaj yog vim li cas, xws li lub koom haum ntawm lub hwj chim tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov ntseeg uas muaj kev vam meej ntau dua nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Cov neeg ua kev cai raus dej nyob sab Europe tsis xav kom muaj cov neeg nyob sib ze pagan. Ib tug ancient historian sau txog lub militant xwm ntawm lub SlavsTacitus, uas tau piav qhia cov neeg no meej meej ntawm qhov piv txwv ntawm Polabian Union ntawm Pawg Neeg.
Charlemagne yog thawj zaug nkag rau hauv Slavic thaj av ntawm Polabya. Tab sis cov neeg hauv zos tau tswj hwm kev tawm tsam ntawm tus thawj coj loj ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub Nyoog thiab tuav mus txog rau xyoo pua 9, thaum lub xeev ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov pab pawg tau poob rau hauv kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog ntawm ib qho ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv. - Henry kuv, uas, vim kev cai dab qhuas, tsis xav kom muaj tsis tau tsuas yog pagans nyob rau hauv lub zej zog, tab sis kuj yog ib pawg haiv neeg uas yog ib feem ntawm lub Slavic union ntawm pab pawg neeg, txij li thaum nws tsis lees paub cov ntseeg Vajtswv nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej. Pib nrog Henry I, txhua tus thawj tswj hwm German tom qab tau teeb tsa lawv lub hom phiaj tag nrho Germanization ntawm Polabian Slavs. Thiab peb yuav tsum muab lawv cov nuj nqis, lawv ua tau zoo, vim hais tias Lutichi thiab Bodrichi tau Germanized nyob rau hauv Henry kuv, thiab tsuas yog cov Serbs khaws lawv qhov tseeb.
Early feudal xeev Polabian Serbia
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 7, lub xyoo pua-laus lub xeev quest ntawm Polabian Slavs, ib tug ntawm cov pab pawg neeg uas tsim lub union, culminated nyob rau hauv lub creation ntawm lub xeev ntawm Polabian Serbia, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb expanses ntawm Lub teb chaws Yelemees sab hnub tuaj. Lub sijhawm no, ib feem ntawm Serbs tau tsiv mus rau Balkans txhawm rau pab tus thawj coj ntawm Byzantium, Constantine Porphyrogenitus, hauv kev ua tsov rog tawm tsam Avar Khaganate, uas lub sijhawm ntawd ua rau muaj kev hem thawj tiag tiag tsis yog rau Byzantium xwb, tab sis rau tag nrho cov. Teb chaws Europe. Cov Serbs, ua ke nrog cov Czechs, raided lub Avar fortifications thiab nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Frankish huab tais Charles. Tom qab ntawd, cov neeg Serbian rov qab los tsim lub xeev hauv Balkans, paub niaj hnub no. Serbia.
Nyob rau xyoo pua 10, cov tub rog Saxon huab tais Henry the Fowler tau xaus rau qhov muaj nyob ntawm Polabian Serbia, txeeb nws thaj av thiab muab lawv rau hauv lub xeev Saxon. Yog li ntawd, lub teb chaws no, cov Serbs, raug faib.
State of Obodrite Bodrich
Nyob rau xyoo pua 11th, ua tsaug rau qhov kev tawm tsam ua tiav, cov neeg German raug ntiab tawm ntawm thaj av Polabian, thiab lub xeev Serbian tau rov qab los, hu ua Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Obodrites-Bodriches. Lub xeev no kuj nyob hauv Lusatian Serbs, uas nws lub teb chaws yog lub hwj chim feudal thaum ntxov nrog kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm princely. Raws li txoj cai ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Holstak, Thawj Tswj Hwm tau tswj hwm tag nrho cov av Polabian, suav nrog niaj hnub Mecklenburg, Schleswick-Holstein thiab lub nroog Ljubica, Lübeck hauv German.
Golshtak rau Polabsky Serbs zoo li Prince Vladimir rau Russians. Nws tau paub zoo tias cov lus thov ntawm German xeev rau thaj av Polabian muaj keeb kwm kev ntseeg, thiab yog li ntawd nws lub xeev yog destined kom muaj mus txog rau tom ntej crusade, tshwj tsis yog cov Serbs, uas nws kev ntseeg yog ib txwm pagan cults, txais cov ntseeg Vajtswv. Golshtak tig mus rau Czechs uas twb tau ua kev cai raus dej thaum lub sijhawm ntawd thiab pom zoo rau kev cai raus dej ntawm Polabsky thaj av. Tus tub huabtais mob siab rau cog Catholicism ntawm nws cov kev kawm thiab ua tau zoo heev hauv qhov no. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias Polabian Serbs tsis muaj kev tawm tsam ntau rau Christianization, piv txwv li, hauv Norway lossis Ireland. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub ntsiab kev cai dab qhuas qhov chaw ntawm lub Polabian paganism yog lub tuam tsev ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws vajtswv Svetovid, nyob rau hauv lub Islands tuaj. Lub hiav txwv B altic, - tau raug puas tsuaj ntev ua ntej tsim lub Tuam Thawj ntawm Obodrites-Bodriches los ntawm Danes. Yog li ntawd, txhua yam uas txuas cov Serbs nrog lawv cov pagan yav dhau los yog rituals thiab kab lig kev cai rov qab los ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam, tsis paub txog lawv cov essence thiab xwm.
Kev tsim tsa pawg neeg ntawm Lusatian Serbs
Muaj lawv lub xeev, Lusatian Serbs (qhov twg feem ntau ntawm lawv cov neeg nyob sib ze) hu ua Serbs lossis Sorbs. Cov Germans hu lawv Wends. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th, txawm hais tias Christianization, lub xeev ntawm Obodrite-Bodrichi tau swb los ntawm Franco-German crusaders, thiab Polabian thaj av tau muab faib ua margraviates, uas tau los ntawm German peasants, knights thiab txiv plig. Qhov kev coj cwj pwm no ntawm German crusaders tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias kev ntes Yeluxalees, raws li lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau Pope thiab nws lub voj voog sab hauv. Cov thawj coj ntawm crusaders lawv tus kheej, uas tsis yog Italian keeb kwm, xav, nyob rau hauv lub kos npe rau ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig, kom nthuav lawv cov khoom. Thiab cov knights lawv tus kheej tsuas yog xav nyiag cov hmoov zoo los ntawm lwm lub xeev, tsis muaj zog tub rog.
Tom qab kev tshem tawm ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Obodrite-Bodrichians, Lusatian Serbs thaum kawg tau nyob hauv Lusatia, uas tau muab lub npe rau pawg neeg no. Cov Lusatian Serbs, los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm haiv neeg, suav nrog Serbs uas tseem nyob hauv nruab nrab Tebchaws Europe tom qab Balkan hloov chaw, nyob hauv thaj av nyob rau niaj hnub no sab qaum teb Bavaria thiab yav qab teb Saxony.
Nyob rau hauv 1076, raws li kev sib haum xeeb nrog Bohemia, Henry IV tau tso cai rau nws thaj chaw,nyob hauv Lusatian Serbs, qhov twg Saxon knights nyob nrog lawv cov neeg ua liaj ua teb. Kev nyob ntawm Lusatians nyob rau hauv Czech txoj cai tau txiav txim siab ntxiv vector ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob raws txoj kev sib txawv dua li ntawm Balkan Serbs. Cov Czechs, zoo li cov Lusatians, yog cov neeg Slavic uas, qhov tseeb, tsis tau thov thaj av Lusatian, tab sis tau txais lawv los ua khoom plig rau kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb nrog lub xeev German. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov Lusatians tau txais kev nkag mus rau Czech koom pheej ua koob hmoov, thiab yog li ntawd kev sib pauv kev coj noj coj ua pib ntawm ob haiv neeg. Czechs ua kev cai raus dej Lusatians nyob rau hauv Catholicism, cov Lusatians tau txais los ntawm Czechs ntau yam ntawm lub teb chaws costume thiab tsoos cuisine, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog meatball kua zaub nrog boiled qe. Lub hwj chim ntawm Czechs kuj kov cov lus. Yog li ntawd, cov lus Lusatian tam sim no belongs rau pawg West Slavic. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thawj hom lus ntawm Polabian Serbs, Slavo-Serbian, belongs rau pawg lus South Slavic tam sim no.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm Habsburgs thiab nthwv dej tshiab ntawm Germanization
Kev sib raug zoo ntawm Czech koom pheej thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees tau hloov pauv radically tom qab Habsburg dynasty tau los ua lub hwj chim, uas tau ua rau muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm Czech thaj chaw uas nyob hauv Lusatian Serbs (qhov twg Germans kuj nyob), los ntawm German nom tswv. Cov neeg German txaus siab tsiv mus rau thaj av tshiab, vim lawv tau txais kev nyiam dav nyob rau ntawd.
Txoj cai no ntawm Czech koom pheej rov ua dua lub Germanization ntawm Lusatians, uas pom tias nws nyuaj zuj zus los tswj lawv tus kheej. Txhawm rau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua hauv zej zog, Polabian Serbs yuav tsum tawm hauv lawv lub zej zog thiab koom ua ke nrogcov pej xeem German tseem ceeb.
Puddle hauv German av
Nyob rau xyoo pua 17th, Lusatia tau muab rau Saxony. Cov huab tais ntawm lub xeev no yog cov neeg koom siab ntawm absolutism, piv lawv tus kheej nrog cov huab tais loj thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ywj pheej ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Txawm tias tom qab ua tiav cov lus Askiv thiab Fabkis cov kiv puag ncig, German xeev, thiab Saxony tshwj xeeb, tseem muaj tseeb rau cov kev cai qub ntawm kev ua koob tsheej.
Qhov xwm txheej tsis hloov txawm tias tom qab tsim lub tebchaws German xyoo 1871. Cov teb chaws German tau koom ua ke nyob rau hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov hauv paus chiv keeb thiab qhov tseeb ntawm lub teb chaws German loj hauv txhua thaj av German. Tau kawg, pawg neeg Slavic tsis haum rau lub tswv yim no, uas los ntawm nws lub neej yav tom ntej tau ceeb toom tias cov neeg German tsis yog lub tebchaws tiag tiag hauv lawv thaj av sab hnub tuaj.
Puddle hauv German Empire thiab Weimar koom pheej
Tom qab kev sib sau ua ke ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, kab lis kev cai ntawm Lusatian Serbs poob qis. Hauv Luzhica, nws raug txwv tsis pub qhia ua lawv hom lus, siv lawv tus kheej sau hauv cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, ntawm lub nroog cov paib thiab hauv cov chaw pej xeem. Lusatian pej xeem hnub so tau suav tias yog hnub ua haujlwm. Polabian Serbs tau raug kev ntxub ntxaug ua haujlwm. Qhov nruab nrab Lusatian tuaj yeem tau txais txoj haujlwm tsuas yog tias nws hais lus German nrog Saxon lossis Bavarian accent. Feem ntau ntawm cov Serbs hauv zos, uas nws hom lus yog Lusatian, hais lus German nrog lub suab uas txawv txawv rau qhov nruab nrab German hnov. Yog li ntawd, ib tug Luzhanian tuaj yeem raug tsis kam ua haujlwm tsuas yog vim tsis txaus siabtus tswv hauj lwm hais lus.
Kev swb nyob rau hauv Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib thiab tshaj tawm ntawm Weimar Republic raws li kev cai ywj pheej, oddly txaus, tsis tau txhim kho qhov xwm txheej uas cov Lusatian Serbs yog. Cov duab ntawm cov neeg uas nyob hauv Lusatia lub sijhawm ntawd qhia meej meej txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau pua xyoo-laus Germanization. Cov neeg pej xeem ntawm Lusatian Serbs tau rov hais dua rau Pab Koomtes ntawm Tebchaws kom tso cai rau lawv cov neeg raws li cov haiv neeg tsawg hauv lub xeev German, tab sis cov ntawv thov no tsis txaus siab. Pom tau tias, cov zej zog thoob ntiaj teb tsis xav ua txhaum ntxiv rau lub teb chaws tus kheej ntawm cov neeg German, uas twb tau txaj muag los ntawm cov nyiaj them rov qab, cov nyiaj them poob qis rau ntawm lub xub pwg nyom ntawm cov pej xeem zoo tib yam. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem zam lwm qhov kev tawg ntawm chauvinistic kev xav hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab qhov tsis lees paub ntawm Lusatians ua ib haiv neeg tsawg nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, tej zaum, txawm ua si rau hauv tes ntawm pawg neeg no.
Lusatian nyob rau hauv Nazi txoj cai
Lusatian Serbs tsuas yog cov neeg Slavic nkaus xwb uas tau tswj kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxuav haiv neeg thaum lub sijhawm muaj nyob ntawm Thib Peb Reich. Thaj, qhov no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev xav ntawm German Nazis nrog txoj kev xav ntawm kev vam meej thaum ub thiab lub luag haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm German haiv neeg hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no. Cov Nazis suav hais tias cov neeg German yog cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov neeg Aryans loj - cov neeg uas nyob hauv German thaj av thaum ub. Kev khawb rau hauv qhov tob ntawm keeb kwm German, Nazi cov kws tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem nkaum lossis hla lub neej ntawm pawg neeg koom siab. Polabian Slavs, yog li lub tshuab tshaj tawm ntawm Goebels tau lees paub cov neeg uas nyob hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog sab hnub tuaj ntawm Elbe li Germans. Tus lej no kuj suav nrog thaj chaw uas tau nyob rau ntau pua xyoo los ntawm Lusatian Serbs, qhov twg Czechs kuj nyob, uas, raws li Nazis, tsis raug Germanization, tsis zoo li cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Czech tiag tiag.
Raws li Hitler, Lusatians yog Germans uas hais Vendian, uas yog lus Lusatian. Vim li no, Polabian Slavs, uas tsis tau tawm tsam lub hwj chim ntawm National Socialists, nyiam cov cai sib npaug nrog cov neeg German. Ntxiv mus, Lusatian Serbs, daim duab lees paub qhov no, tuaj yeem hnav lawv lub tebchaws. Tab sis cov indulgences tseem raug suav hais tias yog vestiges. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm thiab loj, thaum lub sij hawm muaj nyob ntawm lub Reich, cov Lusatians poob txoj cai rau lub teb chaws tus kheej-kev qhia nyob rau hauv kev ntshai ntawm raug xa mus rau kev tawm tsam, thiab tsis tsa lawv cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws tus ntsuj plig.
Lusatian Serbs tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II
Tom qab cov tub rog liab nkag mus rau Lusatia, kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Soviet tau lees paub cov kwv tij Slavic cov neeg nyob hauv Lusatian Serbs thiab txhua txoj hauv kev tau pab txhawb rau lawv lub teb chaws kev txiav txim siab tus kheej. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txawm hais tias muaj ntau daim ntawv thov, Polabian Serbs tsis tau txais kev ywj pheej nyob hauv GDR, tab sis tau txhais tias yog cov neeg uas yog haiv neeg tsawg nyob hauv East Germany. Hauv nws cov ntawv sau, Lev Gumilyov hu ua Lusatian Serbs yog cov neeg Slavic.
Lusatian Serbs hnub no
Tom qab kev sib koom ua keLub teb chaws Yelemees xyoo 1989, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim ib thaj av Lusatian-Serbian cais nyob rau hauv FRG dua los ua qhov cuam tshuam. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhawb nqa ntawm Central European Slavs tau hais los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm USSR Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev. Tab sis tsoomfwv ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes tshiab tsis xav muab Lusatian Serbs nrog kev ywj pheej dav dav, pom meej tias nws ntshai nws qhov kev poob qis dua hauv Soviet tub rog-kev coj noj coj ua vector. Txawm li cas los xij, Polabian Slavs tau txais txoj cai los qhia lawv cov menyuam hauv lawv hom lus, siv Sorbian ua hom lus hauv lawv thaj av, ua kev zoo siab rau lawv lub tebchaws, thiab nthuav qhia lawv lub tebchaws rau lwm txoj hauv kev.
Tab sis niaj hnub Lusatian Serbs, uas nws txoj kev ntseeg tsis zoo ib yam, qhia lawv tus kheej hauv ntau txoj kev. Kev nyob ntev nyob rau hauv Czech cawv thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog Hussite tshuav nws cov cim ntawm keeb kwm ntawm pawg neeg no. Niaj hnub no, thaj chaw ntawm Lusatian Serbs tau muab faib ua Lower thiab Upper Lusatia. Cov Serbs nyob rau hauv txhua cheeb tsam no muaj lawv tus kheej peculiarities ntawm lus thiab kab lis kev cai, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj, Upper Lusatia yog feem ntau Catholic, thaum Lower yog tag nrho Protestant.
Tib lub sijhawm, cov pej xeem ntawm ob thaj chaw txheeb xyuas ib leeg yog Polabian Slavs - ib pawg neeg zoo heev uas yog ib feem ntawm pawg neeg Slavic. Thiab txhua tus Lusatian hais tias nws haiv neeg yog Serb.
