Ua ntej txiav txim siab cov neeg ua haujlwm oxidizing muaj zog tshaj plaws, peb yuav sim qhia meej txog cov teeb meem theoretical ntsig txog cov ncauj lus no.
Definition
Hauv chemistry, tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing txhais tau hais tias nruab nrab atoms lossis cov khoom them nqi uas, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib tshuam tshuaj, txais cov electrons los ntawm lwm cov khoom.
Piv txwv ntawm oxidizers
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov muaj zog oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov ntsuas no nyob ntawm qib ntawm oxidation. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv poov tshuaj permanganate nyob rau hauv manganese nws yog +7, uas yog, nws yog ntau tshaj.
Cov tshuaj no, zoo dua lub npe hu ua poov tshuaj permanganate, nthuav tawm cov khoom siv oxidizing. Nws yog poov tshuaj permanganate uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov organic chemistry rau kev ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo ntawm ntau daim ntawv cog lus.
Kev txiav txim siab qhov muaj zog oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm, cia peb tsom mus rau nitric acid. Nws raug hu ua huab tais ntawm cov kua qaub, vim tias nws yog qhov sib xyaw no, txawm tias nyob rau hauv daim ntawv diluted, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov hlau nyob hauv electrochemical series ntawm hlau voltages tom qab hydrogen.
Xav txog cov oxidizing muaj zog tshaj plaws, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tawm mus yam tsis muajchromium compound saib xyuas. Chromium ntsev yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov oxidizers ci tshaj plaws thiab siv rau hauv kev tshuaj xyuas zoo.
Oxidizer pawg
Ob qho tib si nruab nrab molecules thiab cov khoom them nqi (ions) tuaj yeem suav tias yog oxidizers. Yog tias peb txheeb xyuas cov atoms ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj uas muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws, ces nws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas lawv muaj los ntawm plaub mus rau xya electrons ntawm lub zog sab nraud.
Nws nkag siab tias nws yog p-cov ntsiab lus uas nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv oxidizing ci ntsa iab, thiab cov no suav nrog cov hlau tsis zoo.
Tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing uas muaj zog tshaj plaws yog fluorine, tus tswv cuab ntawm pawg halogen sub.
Ntawm cov tsis muaj zog oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg plaub ntawm lub sijhawm. Muaj ib qho kev txo qis hauv oxidizing cov khoom nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg loj nrog nce atomic radius.
Muab cov qauv no, nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias cov hmoov txhuas tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom oxidizing tsawg heev.
Qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws uas tsis yog hlau oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev yog fluorine, uas tsis tuaj yeem pub electrons rau lwm cov atoms.
Cov ntsiab lus xws li chromium, manganese, nyob ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam tshuaj lom neeg, tuaj yeem nthuav tawm tsis yog oxidizing, tab sis kuj txo cov khoom.
Lawv tuaj yeem hloov lawv lub xeev oxidation los ntawm tus nqi qis dua mus rau ib qho siab dua los ntawm kev pub electrons rau lwm cov atoms (ions) rau qhov no.
Ions ntawm tag nrho cov noble hlau, txawm nyob rau hauv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus oxidation lub xeev, muaj ci oxidizing zog,nquag nkag mus rau hauv tshuaj lom neeg.
Hais txog cov tshuaj muaj zog oxidizing, nws yuav tsis ncaj ncees lawm tsis quav ntsej cov pa oxygen molecular. Nws yog qhov no diatomic molecule uas suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tau yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab ntau hom oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab yog li nws tau siv dav hauv cov organic synthesis. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm molecular oxygen, ethanol yuav hloov mus rau hauv ethanal, uas yog tsim nyog rau lub tom ntej synthesis ntawm acetic acid. Oxidation tuaj yeem tsim cov cawv organic (methanol) los ntawm cov nkev ntuj.
Zoo kawg
Oxidation-txo cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tsis yog rau kev ua qee qhov kev hloov pauv hauv chav kuaj tshuaj, tab sis kuj yog rau kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam organic thiab inorganic khoom. Tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj li tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum xaiv cov oxidizing cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab nce cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom sib cuam tshuam.
