Txoj cai tam sim no Yooj Yim thiab Nruam Tam Sim No tsis nyuaj. Qhov tseem ceeb yog yuav ua li cas to taub lawv. Lub sij hawm tam sim no hauv lus Askiv yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws los kawm. Nws yog txhua yam hais txog qhov muaj ntau yam ntawm cov lus txhawb nqa.
yam ntxwv ntawm lub sijhawm tam sim no
Lub kaw lus tenses hauv lus Askiv thiab Lavxias yog qhov sib txawv. Lavxias teb sab system ntawm lub sij hawm implies faib mus rau hauv:
- tam sim no;
- yav tom ntej tense;
- past tense.
Lub sijhawm lus Askiv tsis yog muab faib ua:
- tam sim no (Tam sim no);
- yav tom ntej (Future);
- yav dhau los (Past).
Tab sis, kuj rau:
- Yooj Yim (simple);
- Perfect (zoo meej);
- Nruam (ntev).
Qhov kev faib no yog lub ntsiab lus ntau dua thiab nthuav dav hauv cov qauv lus Askiv. Lub complex nuances ntawm kev ua nyob ntawm nws.
Siv Present Simple
Yog li, paub meej ntxiv. Cov cai rau Present Simple thiab Present Coninuous yog txawv me ntsis. Yuav ua li cas? Present Simple yog siv los qhia cov kev ua uas tam sim no tshwm sim tsis tu ncua. Piv txwv li, kev uauas peb ua txhua hnub lossis raws sijhawm:
- Cov neeg laus mus ua haujlwm txhua hnub. (Cov neeg laus mus ua haujlwm txhua hnub)
- Kuv niam ua noj hmo txhua hmo. (Kuv niam ua noj hmo txhua hmo)
- Kuv niam thiab kuv da dej txhua tag kis. (Kuv niam thiab kuv da dej txhua tag kis)
Same - rau cov haujlwm tau teem tseg:
- Lub tsheb ciav hlau tawm ntawm 10.30. (Lub tsheb ciav hlau tawm ntawm 10.30)
- Lub tiaj tuaj txog thaum 9 teev sawv ntxov. (Lub dav hlau tuaj txog thaum 9 teev sawv ntxov)
- Zaj yeeb yaj kiab pib hauv ib teev. (Movie pib hauv ib teev)
Kev piav qhia ntawm ntuj thiab huab cua phenomena:
- Lub hnub sawv nyob rau sab hnub tuaj. (Lub hnub nce nyob rau sab hnub tuaj)
- Cov daus poob rau lub caij ntuj no. (Nws snows nyob rau lub caij ntuj no)
Siv Tam Sim No Txuas Ntxiv
Tam sim no Tsis tu ncua kuj tseem qhia txog qhov ua haujlwm tam sim no, tab sis lub sijhawm tam sim no lossis lub sijhawm sib tham.
- Kuv hu kuv niam kuv txiv, tsis txhob cuam tshuam kuv! (Kuv hu kuv niam kuv txiv, tsis txhob thab kuv!)
- Nws tsis nyeem ntawv xov xwm tam sim no, koj tuaj yeem hloov lub teeb. (Nws tsis nyeem ntawv xov xwm tam sim no, koj tuaj yeem tua lub teeb)
- Cov me nyuam tab tom ua homework, hloov suab paj nruag tom qab, thov. (Cov menyuam yaus ua lawv cov homework, qhib lub suab paj nruag tom qab)
Tam sim no lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej
Nov yog lwm qhov nuance uas ua rau nyuaj rau kev nkag siab ntawm cov qauv lus Askiv. Qhov tseeb, los qhia txog yav tom ntej tense, peb muaj Future Simple - yav tom ntej yooj yooj yim tense. Tab sis muaj lwm tuskev xaiv. Peb tuaj yeem siv Present Simple thiab Present Continuous tenses. Piv txwv li, yog. Cov kab lus hauv Present Simple, piv txwv li: Kuv ya mus rau Moscow lub lim tiam tom ntej (Kuv yuav ya mus rau Moscow lub lim tiam tom ntej). Los yog kab lus hauv Present Continuous, piv txwv li: Kuv pom kuv tus khub hmo no (Kuv yuav mus rau kuv tus phooj ywg hmo no). Raws li txoj cai, cov kev tsim kho no muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov ze tshaj plaws npaj rau yav tom ntej: hnub no, hauv ib hnub, hauv ib teev.
Table Present Simple and Present Continuous
Schematic sawv cev ntawm cov cai feem ntau pab nrog kev kawm. Piv txwv li, qhov no.
| Kev Kawm Txuj Ci Ntawm Lub Sijhawm Simple thiab Tam Sim No Nruam Sijhawm | |
| Present | |
| Simple |
1) Cov kab lus lees paub: Yam + ntsiab lus xaus -s / tsis xaus; 2) Cov kab lus tsis zoo: Yam + auxiliary verb do/does + not + main verb without ending; 3) Cov lus nug: Cov lus qhia ua haujlwm pab ua / ua + cov ntsiab lus + cov lus qhia tseem ceeb yam tsis muaj qhov xaus. |
| Ntseeg |
1) Cov kab lus lees paub: Yam + auxiliary verb am/is/are + main verb ending -ing; 2) Cov kab lus tsis zoo: Cov ntsiab lus + cov lus qhia ntxiv am/is/are + not + main verb ending -ing; 3) Cov lus nug: Cov lus qhia pab txhawb am/is/are + subject + main verb ending -ing. |
Qhov xaus -s yog ntxiv rau cov lus qhia thaum qhov kev kawm nyob rau hauv tus neeg thib peb, cov lus: nws (nws), nws (nws), nws (nws). Nov yog lub sijhawm yooj yim tshaj plaws.
Exceptions: verbs uas tsis tas li:
Cov lus Askiv muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb. Qee lub sij hawm lawv tseem ceeb dua li txoj cai nws tus kheej. Muaj cov lus qhia hauv Present Simple thiab Present Continuous siv ntau lub ntsiab lus. Lawv yog dab tsi?
Cov lus qhia los qhia txog kev xav thiab kev xav tsis tuaj yeem muab tso rau thaum Nruam, uas yog, ntxiv qhov xaus rau lawv. Peb tsuas tuaj yeem siv lawv hauv Simple Tense.
Muaj qee qhov "xav hais lus" uas tuaj yeem siv tau txuas ntxiv, tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv lub ntsiab lus lexical yuav hloov. Piv txwv li, cov lus qhia "saib" - pom. Nyob rau tam sim no yooj yim nws yuav suab zoo li no: Kuv pom ntau yam tsiaj qus txhua hnub, kuv ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Zoo. (Kuv pom tsiaj qus ntau heev txhua hnub, kuv ua haujlwm ntawm lub vaj tsiaj). Yog tias peb muab tib cov lus qhia hauv kab lus hauv Present Continuous, ces nws lub ntsiab lus yuav hloov pauv ntau: Nws tab tom pom nws tus phooj ywg zoo tshaj hnub no (Nws ntsib nws tus phooj ywg zoo tshaj hnub no).
| Vajtswv | Simple | Ntseeg |
| see | see - see | saib - ntsib |
| xav | xav - xav | xav- xav |
| love | kev hlub - txaus siab | |
| tsum | smelling - sniffing | |
| taste | tseem - saj zoo | tasting |
| nyhav | hnyav - muaj hnyav | yuav - hnyav |
Piv txwv kev siv
Cov lus no muaj ntau yam lus Askiv. Qee zaum kev sib tham luv luv txhua hnub tuaj yeem ua raws li lawv.
Kate: Nyob zoo! Koj ua dab tsi?
Evelyn: Nyob zoo! Kuv saib movie!
Kate: Koj saib dab tsi? Kuv nyiam comedies zoo!
Evelyn: Me too! Tam sim no kuv tab tom saib comedy!
Kate: Kuv niam kuv txiv nyiam cov yeeb yaj kiab ntshai heev. Kuv ntxub saib lawv!
Evelyn: Kuv yuav yuav DVD tshiab tam sim no, cia peb muaj "movie yav tsaus ntuj" hnub no?
Kate: Zoo heev! Kuv nyiam lub tswv yim no!
Kev sib tham txhais:
Kate: Nyob zoo! Koj ua dab tsi?
Evelyn: Nyob zoo! Saib movie.
Kate: Koj saib dab tsi? Kuv nyiam zaj comedies.
Evelyn: Me too! Kuv tab tom saib comedy tam sim no!
Kate: Kuv niam kuv txiv nyiam cov yeeb yaj kiab ntshai heev. Kuv ntxub saib lawv!
Evelyn: Kuv yuav CD tshiab, cia hmo no ua yeeb yaj kiab?
Kate: Zoo heev!
Using auxiliary verbs
Muaj ob hom lus ua lus Askiv: lub ntsiab thiab pab. Cov tub ntxhais kawm feem ntau tsis meej pem txog cov ntsiab lus no. Raws li cov cai ntawm Present Simple thiab Present Continuous, cov lus qhia tseem ceeb muaj cov lexical thiab grammatical muaj nuj nqi. Ntawd yog, lawv tau muab txhais ua lus Lavxias thiab qhia lub sijhawm, tus lej lossis tus neeg. Cov lus qhia pabcuam tsuas muaj kev ua haujlwm grammatical xwb, lawv tsis tau txhais ua lus Lavxias, lawv muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sijhawm, tus neeg thiab tus lej. Auxiliary verb Present Simple - "ua". Nws muaj ob daim ntawv tam sim no: "ua" thiab "ua". "Ua" yog siv yog hais tias qhov kev kawm yog nyob rau hauv lub plural: lawv (lawv), peb (peb), koj (koj, koj) los yog thawj tus neeg, nyob rau hauv lub singular: Kuv (Kuv). Lub auxiliary verb "does" yog siv yog hais tias qhov kev kawm nyob rau hauv peb tus neeg, nyob rau hauv cov lus: nws (nws), nws (nws), nws (nws). Auxiliary verb Present Continuous - "ua". Tam sim no, nws muaj peb hom: "am", "yog", "yog". "Am" yog siv nrog cov ntsiab lus hauv thawj tus neeg, hauv cov lus hais: Kuv (Kuv); lub auxiliary verb "yog" yog siv nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus neeg thib peb, nyob rau hauv cov lus: nws (nws), nws (nws), nws (nws); lub auxiliary verb "yog" yog siv nrog cov ntsiab lus hauv ntau qhov ntau: lawv (lawv), peb (peb), koj (koj, koj). Total:
Table Present Simple and Present Continuous:
| Affirmativeshapes | ||||
| Kuv yog | Nws yog | lawv | nws ua | lawv ua |
| Nws yog | peb yog | nws ua | peb ua | |
| Nws yog | nws ua | koj ua | ||
| Kuv yog | Nws tsis yog / nws tsis yog | lawv | nws ua | lawv ua |
| Nws yog / nws tsis yog | peb yog | nws ua | peb ua | |
| Nws yog /itisn't | nws ua | koj ua | ||
Practical part
Sim ua kab lus raws li cov xwm txheej tau muab:
1) Yooj Yim Tam Sim No; kab lus tsis zoo; kev kawm nyob rau hauv tus neeg thib peb, feem ntau; main verb "pw".
2) Tam sim no txuas ntxiv; lus lees paub; kawm nyob rau hauv thawj tus neeg, cov lus; lub ntsiab lus qhia yog "nyeem".
3) Yooj Yim Tam Sim No; lus nug; ntau ntau yam; lub ntsiab lus qhia yog "zoo li".
4) Tam sim no txuas ntxiv; kab lus tsis zoo; raugtus neeg thib peb, tus yam ntxwv; main verb "ua si".
5) Tam sim no Yooj Yim; lus nug; ntau ntau yam; main verb "txog".
Keys:
1) Kuv tus nus tsis tsaug zog ib hnub twg. (Kuv tus nus tsis tsaug zog thaum nruab hnub)
2) Kuv tab tom nyeem ntawv xov xwm tam sim no. (Kuv tabtom nyeem ib phau ntawv xov xwm tam sim no)
3) Lawv puas nyiam ua luam dej hauv pas dej? (Lawv puas nyiam ua luam dej hauv pas dej?)
4) Nws tsis ua si football, nws tab tom ua chess! (Nws tsis ua si football, nws ua si chess)
5) Thaum twg lawv tuaj txog? (Thaum twg lawv tuaj txog?)
