Chitin. Dab tsi yog chitin, daim ntawv thov, nthuav qhov tseeb

Cov txheej txheem:

Chitin. Dab tsi yog chitin, daim ntawv thov, nthuav qhov tseeb
Chitin. Dab tsi yog chitin, daim ntawv thov, nthuav qhov tseeb
Anonim

Chitin yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm tes ntawm cov kab mob fungi, nrog rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm arthropods. Nws muaj cov khoom siv dej tsis zoo thiab tseem yog cov khoom siv zoo heev. Txiv neej muaj peev xwm siv chitin rau nws tus kheej lub hom phiaj. Nws yog dab tsi thiab yog vim li cas nws thiaj li nrov hnub no?

Cov qauv ntawm cov molecule

Vim nws yog polymer, nws yog tsim los ntawm ntau tus neeg cov piam thaj isomer molecules. Cov isomers no hu ua N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine, thiab vim muaj qhov txawv txav ntawm beta daim ntawv cog lus, lawv muaj peev xwm tsim tau cov ceg ntoo polymer chains.

Chitin qee zaum hu ua chitosan. Nws qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog qhov zoo sib xws hauv cov qauv rau cov cellulose paub zoo, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm tes ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Yog tias tom kawg yog thawj zaug hauv kev tsim khoom thiab kev cais tawm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, ces chitin, dhau los, los thib ob hauv qhov qeb duas. Qhov no ib zaug ua pov thawj qhov nrov ntawm cov khoom hauv kev lag luam thiab cosmetology.

chitin yog dab tsi
chitin yog dab tsi

Nyob zoo

Chitin muaj tag nrho cov neeg sawv cev ntawm hom arthropod. Cov khoom no yog nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtsegexoskeleton ntawm kab, kab laug sab thiab crustaceans, uas ua rau cov ntaub npog tsis muaj dej. Cov cuab yeej no tso cai rau cov tsiaj hauv av tsis txhob ntshai kom qhuav thiab poob dej los ntawm lub cev.

Mhroom cells tseem muaj chitin hauv lawv cov phab ntsa ntawm tes. Dab tsi yog nws tuaj yeem muab rau lub cev? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub zog ntawm tag nrho nws cov hlwb, thiab tsis txhob poob ntawm noo noo los ntawm lub cytoplasm.

Chitin tsis nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag, vim lawv cov phab ntsa ntawm tes twb muaj lwm biopolymer - cellulose. Raws li lub hauv paus no, cov nroj tsuag muaj tseeb thiab algae yog qhov txawv, thiab muaj ib qho ntawm cov biopolymers yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm ntau lub nceeg vaj ntawm cov kab mob.

chitin muaj
chitin muaj

Kev cais tawm ntawm chitin

Ntawm qhov ntsuas kev lag luam, chitosan yog cais tawm ntawm lub cev ntawm cov crustaceans, txawm hais tias qhov no yog ib qho lag luam kim heev. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem rau kev cais cov polymer no tas li niaj hnub, thiab vim li ntawd, qhov chaw tshiab ntawm ntuj chitin tau pom.

Yog li, qhov siab ntawm cov kab rov ua dua tshiab tau dhau los ua qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas chitin tau muab rho tawm los ntawm muv lossis tsev yoov. Cov yoov no yog dab tsi, koj nug. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum saib ntawm qhov ntsuas kev lag luam, kev tsim cov chitin los ntawm kab tau hloov pauv loj, thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom ntuj polymer tau txais txaus. Yog li, nyob rau hauv Russia, qee cov ntsiab lus rau kev loj hlob muv rau lub hom phiaj ntawm extracting chitin twb tau tsim.

Tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov nceb, nrog rau qee cov algae, vim tias cov cell membranes ntawm cov kab mob no muaj chitin, nws raug cais tib yam.zoo li cellulose hauv cov nroj tsuag. Txawm hais tias qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev lag luam no tawm ntau qhov xav tau, nws tsis tuaj yeem raug cais tawm ntawm cov npe ntawm cov peev txheej ntawm chitosan.

Dab tsi yog chitin hauv biology
Dab tsi yog chitin hauv biology

Tus nqi ntawm chitin rau tib neeg

Dab tsi yog chitin hauv biology? Nws tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho kev tivthaiv uas tiv thaiv kev poob dej, tab sis kuj yog biopolymer nrog cov kab mob bactericidal. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv chitin hauv kev tsim cov ntaub qhwv, ntaub qhwv thiab da dej tshwj xeeb sponges.

Chitin khi zoo rau cov rog. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg noj cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb, uas muaj ib feem ntawm chitosan, cov rog nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv khi rau biopolymer thiab raug tso tawm los ntawm lub cev nrog rau nws. Yog li ntawd, cov roj digestible txo qis, uas txo cov roj cholesterol hauv lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, chitin tuaj yeem ua kom yuam kev rau tus neeg yog tias siv ntau dhau, nws kuj txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm vitamin E thiab ua rau lwm yam tsis zoo.

Chitosan tsis ntev los no tau ntxiv rau cov khoom kom zoo nkauj ua cov khoom xyaw ntuj. Cov tshuaj pleev ib ce no ua rau cov tawv nqaij supple, cov rau tes noj qab haus huv, thiab cov plaub hau tom qab kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj zawv plaub hau nrog chitin hauv cov khoom xyaw ua ci thiab noj qab haus huv.

Npaj qhov tseeb

Nyob hauv cov tebchaws Esxias, nrog rau sab hnub poob, ntau lub khw muag cov nyom nyom, locusts thiab lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm arthropods. Entomophagy tsis ntev los no tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam ntawm gourmets, ua tsaug rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo li chitin hauv integument ntawm cov kab me me thiab crustaceans.

chitinnroj tsuag
chitinnroj tsuag

Cov kws kho mob tau pom tias chitin pab kho qhov txhab, vim nws muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov ntaub so ntswg. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv biopolymer hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj pleev tshwj xeeb, tab sis kev kawm txog cov khoom ntawm chitosan tseem tab tom ua.

Muaj cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov biopolymer li chitin. Dab tsi tuaj yeem muab cov kab me me, uas yog qhov nyuaj rau zom? Cov lus teb yuav ua rau koj xav tsis thoob: 100 grams ntawm cov nyom tuaj yeem muab rau lub cev 20.5 grams ntawm cov protein thaum cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov nqaij nyug niaj hnub tsis txawv ntau thiab yog 22.5 grams. Qhov teeb meem tsuas yog tias sau 100 grams ntawm cov nyom me me yog qhov nyuaj tshaj li kev txiav. tawm 100 grams nqaij nyuj.

Pom zoo: