A pronoun yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus uas siv los ntawm lub npe. Tsis yog "Peter Vasilyevich", tab sis "nws", tsis yog "tus sau ntawm cov kab no", tab sis "Kuv". Muaj cov lus hais, ib yam li cov lus hais ntawm tus kheej, tso cai rau koj ua cov lus kom meej dua. Sib piv: "Peter Vasilyevich's khau" thiab "nws nkawm khau". Possessive pronouns in English, as well as in Russian, teb cov lus nug "leej twg" (Leej twg?), "to whom does it belong?".
Nov yog my kaus. - Nov yog kuv lub kaus mom.
Her miv trampled on my tulips! - Nws tus miv tsoo kuv tulips!
Koj qhov kev ntxim nyiam heev, tab sis kuv twb nrhiav tau txoj haujlwm. - Koj qhov kev thov yog qhov txaus nyiam heev, tab sis kuv twb nrhiav tau txoj haujlwm.
Nyob ntawm pronouns
Cov lus hais lus Askiv muaj peev xwm muab faib ua ob pawg loj nyob ntawm seb lawv puas siv daim ntawv sau ntawv - tsis tseeb lossis txheeb ze. Cov lus tshaj tawm tsis muaj kev ywj pheej, thaum cov lus txheeb ze tsis tuaj yeem siv nws tus kheej - tsuas yog ua ntej lub npe.
Sib piv:
No yog kuv lub hnab (Nov yog kuv lub hnab nqa khoom). - Lub hnab no yog kuv li (Lub hnab no yog kuv).
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, daim ntawv ntawm lub npe tsis tau hloov hauv Lavxias. Hauv ob qho tib si, peb siv tib lo lus - "kuv". Txawm li cas los xij, ob kab lus no muaj qhov sib txawv semantic. Qhov thib ob nqe lus yog ntau categorical. Tab sis nws tsis yog li ntawd xwb. Ib qho kev hais lus ywj pheej feem ntau tsim nyog kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam kev hais lus nrog qhov tsis tsim nyog rov hais dua. Piv txwv li, coj qhov kev sib tham no:
- Puas yog koj lub tsheb? (Qhov no puas yog koj lub tsheb?).
- Tsis yog nws tsis yog kuv lub tsheb. (Tsis yog, qhov no tsis yog kuv lub tsheb.).
Thiab tam sim no lwm version ntawm tib txoj kev sib tham:
- Puas yog koj lub tsheb? (Qhov no puas yog koj lub tsheb?).
- Tsis yog nws tsis yog kuv li. (Tsis yog, tsis yog kuv.).
Thiab yog ob tug paub tias lawv tham txog dab tsi, ces qhov kev sib tham tuaj yeem saib luv dua.
- Puas yog koj li? (Qhov no puas yog koj li?).
- Tsis yog nws tsis yog kuv li. (Tsis yog kuv).
Relative possessive pronouns nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, raws li twb tau hais lawm, tsuas yog siv ua ntej nouns. Muaj ob peb subtleties: yog hais tias muaj ib tug pronoun, ces tsab xov xwm yog tsis xav tau. Ib lub npe tuaj yeem ua raws los ntawm lwm qhov lus. Piv txwv li: kuv lub pob liab liab yog kuv lub pob zoo nkauj sonorous. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ob lub npe uas siv ua ntej tus txheeb ze muaj npe: ob qho tib si (ob leeg) thiab tag nrho (tag nrho). Piv txwv li: Tag nrho kuv cov pob liab (Tag nrho kuv cov pob liab).
Cov lus kawg ntawm cov lus hauvLus Askiv yog muab hauv qab no.
| tus kheej pronouns | Cov lus muaj npe (tus txheeb ze) | Muaj lus tshaj tawm (daim ntawv tsis raug) | Example |
| I | kuv | kuv | Kuv yog ib tug kws ntaus nkauj. Nov yog kuv violin. Violin yog kuv li. |
| Peb | peb | peb | Peb yog cov tub ntxhais kawm. Nov yog peb chav. Lub computer ntawd yog peb li. |
| koj | Koj yog ib tug tub kawm. Phau ntawv ntawd puas yog koj li? Puas yog koj phau ntawv? | ||
| nws | nws | Nws yog ib tug neeg ywj pheej. Nov yog nws qhov chaw. Qhov chaw no yog nws. | |
| Nws | nws | nws | Nws tab tom ua si nws violin. Violin yog nws. |
| Nws | nws | nws | Nws yog miv. Nov yog nws lub tsev thiab lub lev no yog nws. |
| Nyob | lawv | Lawv yog phooj ywg zoo. Lawv taug kev nrog lawv cov menyuam. Cov me nyuam yog lawv li. |
Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb
Kev kawm cov ntawv feem ntau yog yooj yim li kev nkag siab thiab txhais cov ntawv Askiv. Tab sis thaum txhais rov qab, los ntawm Lavxias teb sab mus rau Askiv, qee qhov teeb meem tshwm sim. Piv txwv li, "Kuv hu nws" thiab "qhov no yog nws lub kaus mom." Nws yuav zoo li peb pom ntawm no ob lo lus zoo ib yam - "nws". Tab sis peb puas tuaj yeem txhais lawv tib yam? Yog tias koj nkag siab lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lus muaj tswv yim zoo, ces koj yuav tsis nkag siab qhov xwm txheej no. Cov lus muaj npe yog sivntawm no tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob. Leej twg lub kaus mom no? - Nws. Ntawd yog - nws. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kab lus "Kuv hu nws," lub pronoun nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev characterizes tswv. Qhov no yog ib tug pronoun nyob rau hauv lub genitive rooj plaub, teb lo lus nug "leej twg?", raws li, ntawm no koj yuav tsum tau siv lub pronoun nws nyob rau hauv lub genitive case - nws.
Muaj lwm qhov yuam kev. Nyob rau hauv Russia muaj universal pronoun "nws". Tsis muaj lus Askiv zoo li no, peb yuav hais tsis yog "peb" - nws, tsis yog "peb" - lawv, thiab lwm yam. Thiab dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb, cov lus no hauv qee kis hloov cov kab lus tseeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ua ntej lub npe uas txhais tau hais tias tus kheej, cov neeg nyob ze lossis qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. Piv txwv li, "Nws muab nws lub tsom iav." Raws li koj tau pom, peb xav tias nws yog superfluous los qhia tias nws muab nws tus kheej tsom iav. Qhov no txhais tau tias. Thaum tsim ib kab lus hauv lus Askiv, peb yuav tsum siv cov kab lus tseeb lossis cov lus muaj npe ua ntej lo lus tsom iav. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog lub pronoun uas yuav sound ntau natural. Nws muab nws lub tsom iav.
How to learn possessive pronouns in English
Rau cov lus qhia ntawm cov kws qhia paub txog, nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau kev kawm cov qauv sau ntawv yog tias koj ua raws li cov cai no: tsis txhob maj, tshuaj xyuas tag nrho cov qauv sau ntawv nrog cov piv txwv, ua cov rooj rau koj tus kheej. Qhov tseeb, pronouns yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus yooj yim tshaj plaws uas cov lus Askiv muaj. Cov kev tawm dag zog uas muaj cov lus hais tau rov ua dua hauv ib daim ntawv lossis lwm qhov tuaj yeem pom hauv ntau yam haujlwm. Basic ce rautxhawm rau muab cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no, uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv los yog kev xeem, cov no yog cov kab lus uas ploj lawm, qhov uas koj yuav tsum tau ntxig daim ntawv raug ntawm cov lus muaj npe. Feem ntau, kom paub cov ntsiab lus no, nws txaus los ua kom tiav 4-5 ntawm cov kev tawm dag zog no thiab txheeb xyuas ntau cov ntawv.
