Cov khoom noj khoom haus muaj ib qho qauv. Nws suav nrog cov neeg tsim khoom, cov neeg siv khoom (ntawm thawj, thib ob xaj, thiab lwm yam) thiab decomposers. Ntau ntxiv txog cov neeg siv khoom yuav tau tham hauv kab lus. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab tob txog leej twg cov neeg siv khoom ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thib 1, thib 2 thiab dhau mus, peb ua ntej luv luv txiav txim siab txog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus.
Khoom noj khoom haus saw qauv
Raws li koj paub, cov neeg tsim khoom nyob rau ntawm thawj kauj ruam ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus, lossis nyob rau thawj theem ntawm cov zaub mov pyramid. Cov no yog cov nroj tsuag, lub ntsiab feature ntawm uas yog lub peev xwm los tsim cov organic tebchaw los ntawm inorganic tebchaw, uas yuav absorbed los ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev pab ntawm lub thib 1 kev txiav txim thaum lub sij hawm kev noj haus. Vim qhov no feature, lawv kuj hu ua autotrophs (los ntawm Greek - noj nws tus kheej), nyob rau hauv sib piv rau heterotrophs, uas tsis muaj peev xwm synthesize organic tshuaj. Hauv kev ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias lawv kuj suav nrog qee tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov nroj tsuag, feem ntau cov nroj tsuag cab. Feem ntau, qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv tuaj yeem raug hu ua cov xwm txheej, vim tias muaj ob peb hom uas tuaj yeem ua tausiv ib yam ntawm cov zaub mov nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab qhov xwm txheej.
Txoj kev txuas txuas ntxiv hauv cov saw thiab, raws li, qib ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus yog cov neeg siv khoom (ntawm ntau qhov kev txiav txim). Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov kab mob uas cov neeg tsim khoom noj ua zaub mov. Lawv yuav tau tham ntxiv tom qab.
Thiab thaum kawg, decomposers - qib kawg ntawm cov zaub mov pyramid, qhov kawg txuas hauv cov saw - kab mob - "orderlies". Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb heev ntawm cov ecosystem. Lawv txheej txheem thiab decompose high-molecular organic tebchaw rau inorganic sawv daws yuav, uas yog ces reused los ntawm autotrophs. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov kab mob me me: kab, worms, microorganisms, thiab lwm yam.
Leej twg yog cov neeg siv khoom
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, cov neeg siv khoom tau nyob ntawm qib thib ob ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus. Cov kab mob no, tsis zoo li cov neeg tsim khoom, tsis muaj peev xwm yees duab- thiab chemosynthesis (tom kawg yog nkag siab tias yog cov txheej txheem tau txais los ntawm archaea thiab cov kab mob lub zog tsim nyog rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov organic tshuaj los ntawm carbon dioxide). Yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum pub rau lwm yam kab mob - cov uas muaj peev xwm, los yog lawv tus kheej zoo - lwm tus neeg siv.
Tsiaj - cov neeg tau txais kev txiav txim thib 1
Qhov txuas hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus no suav nrog heterotrophs, uas, tsis zoo li cov decomposers, tsis muaj peev xwm decompose organic tshuaj mus rau hauv inorganic sawv daws yuav. Lub npe hu ua thawj cov neeg siv khoom (qhov kev txiav txim thib 1) yog cov uas tau txais ncaj qha los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom biomass lawv tus kheej, uas yog, cov neeg tsim khoom. Lawv feem ntau yog herbivores.lub npe phytophages.
Pab pawg no suav nrog ob hom tsiaj loj, xws li ntxhw, thiab kab me - locusts, aphids, thiab lwm yam. Nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj rau muab piv txwv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ntawm 1st xaj. Cov no yuav luag txhua tus tsiaj yug los ntawm txiv neej hauv kev ua liaj ua teb: nyuj, nees, luav, yaj.
Beaver belongs rau phytophages ntawm cov tsiaj qus. Raws li koj paub, nws siv ntoo trunks los tsim dams, thiab noj lawv cov ceg. Qee hom ntses, xws li nyom carp, kuj yog rau herbivores.
Nroj tsuag yog thawj tus neeg siv khoom xaj
Nco ntsoov, cov kws tshawb fawb suav nrog tsis yog cov uas noj ntsuab biomass hauv pawg no xwb. Parasitic nroj tsuag kuj raug xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom ntawm thawj qhov kev txiav txim. Thiab qhov no yog qhov tseeb, vim hais tias lawv yeej pub rau lawv cov phooj ywg, nqus cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm lawv. Piv txwv ntawm cov nroj tsuag no paub zoo rau txhua tus: qhov no yog dodder, nrov hu ua bindweed. Nws qhwv nws cov qia ntev nyob ib ncig ntawm lub cev ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom cog thiab nce raws nws qhov siab, pub rau nws. Interestingly, nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm evolution, no parasitic nroj tsuag kiag li poob lub peev xwm mus photosynthesize. Lub qia ntawm dodder yog xim liab los yog xim av. Nws kuj tsis muaj cag. Vim yog lub kaw lus ntawm haustoria (suckers), dodder txuas nrog rau tus tswv cog thiab nqus cov as-ham los ntawm nws.
Zoo li nws, tsis muaj chlorophyll thiab cab kab mob ntawm cov genusOrobanche (broomrape). Lawv cov hauv paus hniav yog hloov mus ua suckers, uas cov broomrape txuas mus rau cov hauv paus hniav ntawm tus tswv. Cov nroj tsuag no ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau kev ua liaj ua teb, vim nws feem ntau parasitizes coj mus muag legumes.
Ib qho piv txwv yog mistletoe, paub zoo thiab, hmoov tsis, cov kab mob kis thoob plaws uas tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov ntoo. Muaj tseeb, qhov no nws tsis yog yooj yim los kos ib txoj kab meej ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Tseeb, nyob rau hauv parallel nrog lub fact tias cov mistletoe pub rau cov kua txiv ntawm cov ntoo, cov txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis kuj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws cov hlwb. Qhov no tau lees paub los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov nroj tsuag muaj xim ntsuab. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, mistletoe kuj yog thawj tus neeg siv khoom, vim nws tau txais kev noj haus los ntawm lwm cov nroj tsuag.
Kev xaus, peb tuaj yeem kos cov lus xaus hauv qab no: cov neeg siv khoom yog cov kab mob uas pub rau cov nroj tsuag.
Cov neeg siv khoom ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thib ob thiab dhau mus
Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no, peb tuaj yeem xaus tias cov neeg tau txais kev pabcuam thib 2, 3, 4 yog leej twg. Cov no yog cov tsiaj txhu feem ntau (zoophages) uas pub rau herbivores (phytophages). Qhov no suav nrog hma, thiab hma, thiab lynx, thiab tsov ntxhuav, thiab lwm yam tsiaj uas paub zoo, nrog rau cov kab mob cab-cov neeg siv khoom ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thib 1.
Thiab, cov neeg siv khoom ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thib 3 - cov neeg noj cov neeg siv khoom ntawm qhov kev txiav txim dhau los, uas yog, cov tsiaj loj dua, 4th - cov neeg noj cov neeg siv khoom thib peb. Tshaj li qib plaub, cov zaub mov pyramid, raws li txoj cai, tsis muaj nyob, vim tias lub zog poob los ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm mus rau cov neeg siv khoom ntawm qib dhau los yog qhov loj heev. Tom qab tag nrho, lawvyog inevitable nyob rau hauv nws cov tiers.
Nws kuj yog ib qho nyuaj rau kos ib thaj tsam ntawm cov neeg siv khoom ntawm qee qhov kev txiav txim, thiab qee zaum ua tsis tau. Tom qab tag nrho, qee tus tsiaj yog tib neeg cov neeg siv khoom sib txawv.
Tseem, ntau ntawm lawv yog omnivorous, piv txwv li, dais, uas yog, cov neeg siv khoom ntawm thawj thiab thib ob xaj tib lub sijhawm. Tib yam siv tau rau tus neeg uas yog omnivore, txawm hais tias vim muaj kev xav sib txawv, kev coj noj coj ua lossis kev ua neej nyob, piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem noj zaub mov tsuas yog cog qoob loo xwb.
In xaus
Cov kab lus tau muab cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm cov saw zaub mov (cov khoom noj pyramid) thiab qhia nws cov neeg koom nrog tseem ceeb. Yog li, nws muaj cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov neeg siv khoom - thawj ob theem (txuas ntxiv). Qhov thib peb yog decomposers, decomposing organic seem rau inorganic sawv daws yuav. Peb cia siab tias tam sim no tsis muaj lus nug ntxiv txog leej twg cov neeg tau txais kev txiav txim thawj zaug yog: cov no yog cov kab mob uas tau txais cov khoom noj ncaj qha los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom, noj lawv lossis ua kom muaj kab mob ntau yam.
