Tamil yog ib hom lus Dravidian. Nws yog dav faib nyob rau yav qab teb Is Nrias teb, yog ib tug ntawm cov nom nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no. Lub cim qub qub ntawm cov lus no, nws txoj kev sib txuas ncaj qha nrog cov kab lis kev cai nplua nuj ntawm Is Nrias teb, nws qhov chaw faib khoom thoob plaws txhawb nqa ntau thiab ntau tus neeg los kawm Tamil.
Tamil hais lus
Feem ntau ntawm txhua tus neeg Hindus uas hais lus Tamil nyob hauv lub xeev Tamil Nadu - kwv yees li 92% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws no suav tias Tamil yog lawv hom lus. Cov kws tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv hais tias, ntxiv rau Is Nrias teb, nws tuaj yeem hnov hauv Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, nws tau hais hauv Mauritania thiab North Africa. Ntau tus neeg los ntawm cov xeev Indian yav qab teb tau tsiv teb tsaws chaw thiab tam sim no nyob hauv cov pab pawg me me hauv UK, Canada thiab Asmeskas. Tus naj npawb ntawm tag nrho cov neeg hais lus Tamil yog tshaj rau caum lab.
Lo lus "Tamil" hauv Lavxias tuaj rau peb los ntawm nws cov ntawv sau lus Askiv. Hauv cov lus hauv zos, lub suab kawg ntawm lo lus no yog 'l' lossis 'zh'. Tus thawj lub npe sau li no:
Lub tsev neeg Dravidian cov lus muaj ntau yam lus. Cov feem ntau yog cov -Telugu, Kennar, Oraon, M alto thiab lwm yam. Tamil kuj suav nrog hauv pab pawg no. Nws muaj nws tus kheej, theej cov ntaub ntawv ancient. Cov ntaub ntawv qub tshaj plaws tau pom nyob rau ntawm nplooj xibtes ntoo, yos rov qab mus rau 200 BC. e. Lwm cov ntawv sau Tamil tau pom hauv xyoo 2005. Lawv yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau ancient sau monuments ntawm noob neej thiab hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 10 BC. Cov ntaub ntawv kaw tseg no tau ua pov thawj tias Tamil tsis yog los ntawm Sanskrit, tab sis yog ib hom lus cais tag nrho uas suav nrog ntau lo lus los ntawm Sanskrit, Sinhala thiab lwm yam lus hauv zos.
Rov sim dua tau ua kom tshem tawm cov lus qhia qiv thiab rov qab ua qhov qub huv ntawm cov lus Tamil. Kev sib ntaus sib tua lus pib los ntawm purists Maraimalai Adigal thiab Parithimaar Kalaignar los ua lub npe hu ua 'thanith thamizh iyakkam'. Txhais ua lus Lavxias, qhov no txhais tau hais tias kev txav mus los rau cov lus Tamil ntshiab. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no, hauv kev hais lus pej xeem thiab nom tswv, cov lus qiv los ntawm Sanskrit yuav luag tsis pom hauv cov ntawv.
Thirukkural
Ib lub npe nrov tshaj plaws uas sau ua lus Askiv hu ua Thirukkural. Tus sau ntawm creation, Thiruvalluwal, feem ntau yuav yog ib tug neeg niaj hnub ntawm Tswv Yexus. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws yog thawj feem ntawm cov paj huam - "Rau Virtue". Txoj hauj lwm no tsim cov caj qaum ntawm Tamil cov ntaub ntawv qub.
Nws feem ntau tau hais los ntawm cov neeg xav ntawm 19th thiab 20th centuries, thiab Leo Tolstoysuav tias yog "Thirukkural" yog ib phau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm noob neej. Cov hauj lwm thaum ub no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm Nobel Prize tus yeej A. Schweitzer, uas paub cov lus Tamil, tus txhais lus thiab cov tub txib J. Pope, uas tau nrov Thirukkural, thiab yog leej txiv ntawm Is Nrias teb, Mahatma Gandhi.
Zaj lus
Cov kws tshawb fawb Askiv, uas tau tshaj tawm lawv tsab ntawv ceeb toom nyob rau hauv qhov kev paub zoo ntawm Ethnologue, npe ntau dua nees nkaum hom lus ntawm Tamil lus uas muaj nyob niaj hnub no. Raws li thaj chaw, lawv tau muab faib ua rau thaj tsam ntawm kev faib loj tshaj plaws: sab qaum teb, sab hnub tuaj, sab qab teb, sab hnub poob, nruab nrab thiab hom lus ntawm Sri Lanka. Ntawm cov kob, cov lus Tamil tau muaj sia nyob hauv nws daim ntawv kev saib xyuas, thaum lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tau raug sim hnyav, tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ntawm cov lus txawv teb chaws thiab cov ntaub ntawv lexical los ntawm lwm yam lus.
Tamil is interesting
Npaj xav paub seb hom lus Tamil ua haujlwm li cas. Nws cov tsiaj ntawv yog ob feem peb tus qauv - hauv cov ntawv nyeem tam sim no muaj 18 tus lej thiab 12 tus tsiaj ntawv loj. Tab sis qhov thib peb - qhov loj tshaj plaws, muaj cov ntawv tshwj xeeb ua ke uyirmeyelutta. Muaj 216 ntawm lawv! Cov "syllables" no yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus Tamil.
Hauv lej, Tamil kuj tuaj yeem xav tsis thoob. Los ntawm txoj kev, Tamil yog lub npe ntawm cov lus Tamil. Cov lej hauv cov lus qub no muaj ib qho tshwj xeeb: lawv tsis khi rau kaum thiab ntau pua, thiab txhua tus lej muaj tus dab "lub npe". Thiab tsis tsuas yog tag nrho cov zauv, tab sis txawm cov feem ntau nyuaj. Piv txwv li, lo lus immi hu ua feem 1/320, thiab 1/7 hu ua anu. Tus kheejTxawm tias cov feem uas siv tsis tau hauv lub neej tiag tiag muaj npe.
Classic Tamil
Berkeley, yog ib lub tsev kawm qib siab Asmeskas nto moo tshaj plaws (California), txhua xyoo tuav lub rooj sib tham rau cov neeg Tamil thaum ub thiab niaj hnub. Nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm Berkeley, Tamil yog suav hais tias yog ib tug classical lus, nws yog ancient, muaj nws tus kheej ywj siab kev lig kev cai, thiab muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv sau nyob rau hauv Tamil. Cov lus no yog qub li Koine (classical Greek) thiab laus dua li Arabic. Tau ntau pua xyoo, Tamil tau sim zam kev hais lus qiv thiab kev sib kis ntawm cov lus txawv teb chaws hauv lawv cov lus hais. Cov lus tshwj xeeb yog tawm tsam kev cuam tshuam ntawm Sanskrit. Tias yog vim li cas nws tau khaws nws cov lexical muaj pes tsawg leeg rau ntau txhiab xyoo. Tamil tau lees paub tias yog thawj hom lus ntawm Is Nrias teb hauv xyoo 2004.
Struggle rau niam nplaig
Tamils rhiab heev rau lawv cov lus. Nyob rau hauv lawv lub xeev, lawv ntseeg hais tias yog lub teb chaws hom lus ntawm Is Nrias teb - Hindi - pib kis mus rau lawv lub teb chaws, Tamil neeg hais lus yuav sai sai tsis nco qab lawv hom lus. Raws li qhov piv txwv, cov neeg tawm tswv yim hais txog cov nroog ntawm Hyderabad, Mumbai, Kolkata, qhov twg cov lus hauv zos tau poob rau hauv kev siv, thiab cov pej xeem feem ntau hais lus Hindi lossis lus Askiv.
Ch. Annadurai, yav dhau los Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm Tamil Nadu, tau hais tias qhov kev txiav txim siab ua Hindi ua lus hauv tebchaws yog qhov tsis raug. "Vim li cas tsov thiaj suav tias yog tsiaj hauv tebchaws Is Nrias teb, thiab tsis yog nas? Tom qab tag nrho, nas yog feem ntau?" - nugyog nws. Nrog rau cov lus no, Annadurai tau hais ntxiv tias muaj cov teeb meem uas tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab los ntawm feem coob ntawm cov pov npav yooj yim. Tus qub nom tswv tau mloog ob qho tib si hauv Parliament ntawm Is Nrias teb thiab sab nraud lub tebchaws zoo. Txoj kev tawm tsam rau lub purity ntawm cov lus thaum ub tseem muaj ntxiv. Kuv yeej xav cawm cov classic Tamil rau cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov lus zoo no.
