Bronze yog ib qho hlau ntawm ob lub hlau. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg lub neej, los ntawm automotive mus rau sab hauv tsim.
bronze yog dab tsi?
Qhov no yog tooj liab alloyed nrog tin. Tsis tas li ntawd, es tsis txhob tom kawg, txhuas, manganese, beryllium thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem siv rau nws cov khoom siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj ntau yam impurities nyob rau hauv me me.
Kuj, tooj liab yog siv los ua tooj dag, uas yog siv zinc.
Nyob hauv peb lub sijhawm, muaj cov qib ntawm cov hlau no, uas muaj qhov sib txawv. Bronze ntawm ntau hom tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Cov hom sib txawv yog siv rau ntau lub hom phiaj.
Cov xim ntawm cov hlau no ncaj qha nyob ntawm feem pua ntawm tooj liab thiab tin nws muaj. Nrog rau qhov txo qis ntawm thawj zaug thiab qhov nce ntawm cov xim thib ob, cov xim poob xim liab thiab tau txais grey tint.
Thaum twg bronze tshwm sim?
Cov hlau no tau paub txij thaum ub heev. Nws tau pib ua thiab siv ntau dua ua ntej hlau. Tsuas yog tooj liab thiab tin tau suav nrog hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Bronze ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tsis muaj impurities. Nws yog thawj zaug tau txais txog tsib txhiab xyoo dhau los, uas yog, nyob rau hauv III txhiab xyoo BC. e. Lub sij hawm thaum sivcov hlau no hu ua "bronze age". Nws kav mus txog 1 txhiab xyoo BC. e., uas yog, ua ntej lub sijhawm thaum tib neeg kawm rho tawm hlau.
Bronze tau dav siv los ua txhua yam khoom, suav nrog cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, cov duab, riam phom thiab cov khoom siv.
Bronze. Composition and Application
Cov khoom siv dov yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau no: rods, rebar, nplooj ntawv, nrog rau txhua yam ntawm lwm yam khoom, xws li mesh, bearings, txhua qhov chaw ntawm ntau yam khoom siv. Bronze kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim vaj tsev rau kev tsim cov monuments thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau no pom nws daim ntawv thov hauv cov kav dej - cov kav dej yog tsim los ntawm nws.
Pab pawg tseem ceeb yog tin bronze. Los ntawm lub npe nws yog tseeb hais tias tin yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj pes tsawg leeg. Bronze ntawm hom no tau muab faib ua ob hom: uas yog siv rau kev kub siab, nrog rau kev tsim.
Kev ua haujlwm siab suav nrog Br. OCS 4-4-2, 5. Nws muaj tin nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm peb mus rau tsib feem pua, txhuas (1.5 mus rau 3.5 feem pua), zinc (peb mus rau tsib feem pua), thiab ib co hlau (0,05%). Txhua yam yog tooj liab.
Tib pab pawg muaj xws li tooj liab, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm 6 mus rau xya feem pua tin, 0.1-0.25 feem pua phosphorus, nrog rau 0.02% hlau thiab tib tus nqi ntawm cov hlau lead. Qhov no yog Br. 6, 5-0, 15.
Pab pawg tom ntej yog cov khoom siv tooj liab. Cov khoom siv hlau tsis suav nrog hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Bronzehom no feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom kos duab, cov khoom zoo li tus, thiab lwm yam.
Br. OTsS6-6-3 muaj tsib mus rau xya feem pua tin, 5, 5-6, 8 feem pua zinc thiab tooj.
Kev sib xyaw ntawm Br. OTsSN3-7-5-1 suav nrog 2.5-4.5% tin, 6.5-7.5% zinc, ntxiv rau 4.6-5.4% txhuas thiab 0.8-1.2% npib tsib xee.
Ntau zaus hauv peb lub sijhawm, tin pib hloov los ntawm lwm yam hlau, vim nws pheej yig dua. Xws li alloys tsim lwm pab pawg.
Tin-free bronze feem ntau tsis qis dua qhov zoo. Xws li cov khoom siv dav siv hauv kev lag luam tsheb thiab lwm yam kev lag luam zoo sib xws.
Aluminium Bronzes
Cov hlau no feem ntau ua los hloov cov tin. Nws cov nyiaj hauv cov alloy tuaj yeem yog li 10 feem pua. Bronze, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom uas tau paub txij li thaum ub, txawv me ntsis ntawm txhuas. Nws yog kim dua, txij li cov tin, uas tau siv los tsim cov hlau no txij thaum ub, muaj tus nqi siab dua aluminium.
Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias nws pheej yig dua, aluminium bronze tseem muaj lub zog siab, tiv thaiv kev sib txhuam. Nws yog siv los ua bushings, bearings, cab log thiab ntau dua.
Lub npe nrov tshaj plaws ntawm pawg bronzes no yog Br. ZPO 10-4-4. Nws muaj pes tsawg leeg suav nrog 9.5-11 feem pua ntawm txhuas, 3.5-5.5 feem pua manganese thiab tib cov nyiaj hlau. Tus so yog tooj.
Beryllium bronzes
hom alloy no muaj txog ob feem pua ntawm beryllium.
Lawv muajnce lub zog thiab hardness, raws li lawv tau txais kev kho cua sov tshwj xeeb, uas txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom. Kev siv lub ntsiab ntawm cov bronzes no yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej xws li rauj, chisels, thiab lwm yam.
Silicon bronzes
pawg no ntawm cov alloys muaj 2-3 feem pua silicon. Lawv muaj corrosion resistant thiab zoo casting zog.
Cov khoom siv no feem ntau yog siv los ua daim kab xev, xaim, cov khoom siv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lwm yam.
Nickel bronzes
Nrog nickel ua ib qho impurity. Lawv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb muaj xws li toughness, zoo tiv thaiv acids thiab kub kub.
Patinated Bronze
Nyob hauv peb lub sijhawm, hom no kuj muaj ntau heev. Patination ntawm bronze muab nws cov nyhuv ntawm antiquity thiab plays ib tug zoo nkauj muaj nuj nqi. Tab sis, dhau li ntawm qhov no, nws kuj tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm corrosion. Cov txheej txheem ntawm patination ntawm no alloy yog zoo ib yam li technology ntawm silver blackening. Raws li cov txheej txheem, cov bronze dub tau txais, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg uas tsis tau hloov.
Brass
Cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm tooj liab thiab tooj dag muaj ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev sib xyaw - lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog tooj liab. Nws tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab dav siv alloy raws li cov hlau no. Txawm li cas los xij, zinc yog siv los ua qhov thib ob hauv qhov no, tsis yog tin. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv me me muaj additives nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm txhuas, hlau, silicon.
Dab tsi ntxiv yog muaj nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawm tooj dag tuaj yeem nkag siab los ntawmcim, nyob rau hauv uas tom qab tsab ntawv L (uas txhais tau tias "brass") lwm tus yog qhia, piv txwv li C (lead) nyob rau hauv lub npe LS59-1. Los ntawm qhov no peb tuaj yeem nkag siab tias cov hlau muaj 59 feem pua tooj liab, 1 feem pua cov hlau lead, thiab cov zinc seem.
Cov xim ntawm tooj dag thiab nws cov khoom nyob ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm cov ntsiab lus tooj liab hauv nws. Muaj peb pawg tseem ceeb: liab, daj thiab dawb. Liab muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntau tshaj 80 feem pua ntawm tooj liab, hom tooj dag no kuj hu ua "tompac". Nws yog siv los ua cov ntawv nyias.
Hauv daj, feem pua ntawm tooj liab qis dua - 40-80%. Nws yog tsuas yog siv rau kev tsim cov yuam sij, headsets, thiab nws kuj yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam tsheb.
Cov tooj liab dawb muaj 20-40% tooj liab. Nws yog yooj yim heev thiab tsuas yog tsim los ntawm casting.
