Cov tub rog ciam teb ntawm USSR yog ib feem ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Lub Tebchaws. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los tiv thaiv ciam teb ntawm Niam Txiv, suav nrog kev tiv thaiv thiab ceeb toom ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau nws txoj kev ywj pheej thiab kev ncaj ncees. Cov chaw tawm tsam tau nyob raws tag nrho cov kab ntawm ciam teb av, ciam teb hiav txwv tau saib xyuas los ntawm nkoj thiab nkoj.
Tus qauv ntawm USSR ciam teb cov tub rog thaum kawg ntawm 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX
Lawv muaj cov cheeb tsam, uas suav nrog kev sib cais - cov tub rog ncaj qha tiv thaiv ciam teb, chaw tshaj tawm, chaw kuaj xyuas, chaw ua haujlwm commandant. Nws tseem tsim nyog hais txog cov tub rog tshwj xeeb thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, cov tub rog ciam teb suav nrog 10 cheeb tsam, uas muaj 85 detachments:
- Northwest.
- B altic.
- Western.
- Transcaucasian.
- Central Asian.
- Oriental.
- Transbaikal.
- Far East.
- Pacific.
- North East.
Ntau pab tub rogCov tub rog ciam teb ntawm USSR xyoo 1991 muaj txog 220 txhiab tus neeg. Txij xyoo 1939 txog 1989 lawv tau nyob hauv Pawg Tub Rog ntawm lub tebchaws. Txij xyoo 1946 lawv tau ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Xeev.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog ciam teb ntawm KGB ntawm USSR yog kev tiv thaiv lub xeev ciam teb, dej hiav txwv thiab av. Cov tub rog tiv thaiv huab cua tau ua lub luag haujlwm rau lub dav hlau. Kev ruaj ntseg suav nrog:
- Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm ciam teb.
- Kev txheeb xyuas thiab kaw cov neeg ua txhaum cai.
- Repelling any attack on the territory of the country by paramilitary pawg, tub sab.
- Kev tiv thaiv kev hla, kev ya davhlau, hla ciam teb hauv qhov chaw tsis tau teev tseg.
- Kev hla ntawm cov neeg mus txawv tebchaws thiab rov qab, thauj khoom hauv qhov chaw xaiv.
- Kev tiv thaiv cov paib ntawm ciam teb cov tub rog ntawm USSR, cov kab demarcation thiab lawv cov kev saib xyuas kom raug.
- Kev Tiv Thaiv, nrog rau cov neeg lis kev lis kev cai, ntawm kev thauj mus los tsis raug cai hauv ob qho kev qhia ntawm cov khoom txwv tsis pub, txiaj, khoom muaj nqis.
- Saib, nrog rau tub ceev xwm, kev soj ntsuam ntawm ciam teb tsoom fwv.
- Kev koom tes hauv kev tiv thaiv dej hiav txwv thiab dej nrog kev saib xyuas nuv ntses.
- Kev tswj hwm hauv thaj chaw dej hiav txwv ntawm USSR dhau ntawm kev ua raws li tsoomfwv los ntawm txhua lub nkoj tau tshaj tawm hauv "Kev Ceeb Toom rau Mariners".
Educational History
Cov tub rog ciam teb ntawm USSR txij li thaum nws pib tau dhau los ntawm ntau qhov kev hloov pauv uas cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim thiab kev loj hlobxeev. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 30, 1918, Lub Xeev Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kawm tau tsim nyob rau hauv Cov Neeg Pabcuam Nyiaj Txiag ntawm RSFSR. Tab sis twb nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 28, 1918, Tus Saib Xyuas Ciam Teb ntawm RSFSR ciam teb tau tsim los ua ib qho chaw ywj pheej. Muaj tseeb, nws tsis kav ntev. Hnub no suav hais tias yog hnub ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov tub rog ciam teb. Xyoo 1919, kev tswj hwm tau nkag mus rau hauv Cov Neeg Pabcuam Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Lag Luam. Ib xyoos tom qab, txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub xeev ciam teb tau raug xa mus rau lub chaw haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm Cheka.
Nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm Extraordinary Commission nyob rau hauv 1922 thiab tsim lub Main Political Directorate, thiab nyob rau hauv 1923 lub OGPU, ib tug cais corps ntawm pab tub rog. Nyob rau hauv 1934, cov tub rog ciam teb raug xa mus rau lub Main Directorate ntawm NKVD ntawm lub USSR. Nyob rau hauv 1939, nyob rau hauv nws, lub Main Directorate ntawm cov tub rog ciam teb raug tsim.
Kev koom tes ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm 1920-1940
Nyob rau xyoo ua ntej ua tsov ua rog, Soviet cov tub ceev xwm ciam teb tau koom nrog kev tawm tsam ntau pawg neeg laib. Lawv sim txav mus rau hauv lub tebchaws thiaj li ua tub rog ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm USSR. Kev sib tsoo nrog lawv tau tshwm sim yuav luag raws tag nrho cov kab ciam teb. Feem ntau loj detachments ntawm White Guards, uas nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, Manchuria, Poland thiab lub B altic lub xeev, sim ua txhaum mus rau hauv lub sab hauv ntawm lub teb chaws. Lawv hlawv cov chaw tawm tsam, tua cov tub rog thiab cov pej xeem. Lawv raug cem los ntawm PV units.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tub ceev xwm ciam teb tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tawm tsam Basmachi, uas tau sim tiv thaiv kev tsim lub zog Soviet hauv Turkestan. Lawv koom nrog kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv zos ntawm Khalkhin Gol, Lake Khasan, ntawm CER, hauv Finnish War.
Kev Koom Tes Hauv Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj
Tus tub ceev xwm ntawm USSR 1941-22-06 onib ntu loj los ntawm B altic mus rau ntug dej hiav txwv Dub tau txais thawj lub tshuab ntawm Nazi cov tub rog. Cov Germans, accustomed mus taug kev yuav luag unhindered nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, tsis xav kom muaj xws li kev tawm tsam. Feem ntau ntawm cov ncej pem hauv ntej tau tawm tsam mus rau qhov kawg ntawm cov mos txwv, desperately tiv thaiv armada ntawm cov neeg ua phem, tuav lawv rov qab rau ntau teev, thiab qee zaum txawm hnub. Lawv sib ntaus sib tua hnyav heev rau cov choj thiab kev hla dej uas hla ciam teb.
Nws nyuaj rau cov neeg tiv thaiv, uas tau raug kev tawm tsam loj los ntawm Pawg Tub Rog "Center". Cov kev tawm tsam, raws li txoj kev npaj ntawm Nazis, yuav tsum poob hauv 20-30 feeb, tab sis poob nthav lawv tau tawm tsam hnyav. Cov tub rog ntawm Lieutenant V. Usov tuav rov qab rau Nazis rau 10 teev, tom qab cov cartridges khiav tawm, lawv pib tawm tsam bayonet. Lub garrison ntawm Brest Fortress nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Lieutenant A. Kizhevatov nyob rau hnub thib rau ntawm kev tiv thaiv, tom qab tus thawj coj txiav txim kom tawg los ntawm cov pab pawg me, tsis kam tawm nws. Nws tuav mus txog thaum kawg tus tiv thaiv.
Kev ua siab loj tiv thaiv ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ciam teb ua rau ncua sijhawm ua ntej ntawm cov yeeb ncuab cov tub rog hauv tebchaws. Cov Germans raug kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm no. Tom qab tsiv tawm ntawm lub xeev ciam teb ntawm USSR, PVs tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua los npog cov tub rog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tom qab ntawd, raws li cov khoom ntawm NKVD, lawv tsim cov pob txha ntawm lub nraub qaum.
Post-war years
Xyoo 1946, cov tub rog ciam teb raug xa mus rau KGB ntawm USSR. Ib qho teeb meem nyuaj tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam ntawm B altic States thiab Western Ukraine annexed ua ntej tsov rog. Me meib feem ntawm cov pejxeem, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg koom tes nrog Nazis thaum ua tsov ua rog, qhib kev tawm tsam thiab mus rau hauv hav zoov. Lawv ua phem tua cov tub rog, cov pejxeem hauv zos, uas lees txais lub xeev tshiab.
Cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog ciam teb tau xa mus los tawm tsam lawv. Kev txhawb zog ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam, qhov kev ua txhaum ntawm cov tub rog tau ua tiav thaum pib ntawm 50s los tiv thaiv cov pej xeem los ntawm lawv cov kev cuam tshuam ntau li ntau tau, thiab los ntawm 1957 kom tshem tawm cov neeg laib kawg. Cov yeeb yaj kiab Soviet hais txog cov tub ceev xwm ciam teb, uas ib txwm nyiam heev, tau mob siab rau lub ncauj lus no.
1960 txog 1991 lub sijhawm
Cov tub rog ciam teb hauv USSR ib txwm yog cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm cov tub rog Soviet. Ntau tus tub hluas npau suav ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov tig. Cov tub rog no tau txais kev mloog zoo heev. Cov nram qab no tau pom zoo: lub puav pheej "Rau Distinction nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub xeev ciam teb ntawm lub USSR", tshwj xeeb cov paib "Excellence nyob rau hauv cov tub rog ciam teb", 1st thiab 2nd degrees, commemorative.
Lub neej nyob ntsiag to tsis tau ntev. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1960, qhov xwm txheej ntawm ciam teb Soviet-Suav tau poob zoo heev. Ntawm no, xyoo 1969, muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv zos tau tshwm sim ntawm cov tub rog Soviet thiab cov neeg tua neeg ntawm Tuam Tshoj Liberation Army. Yog vim li cas yog Damansky Island ntawm Amur River. Kev poob los ntawm Tuam Tshoj muaj txog 800 tus neeg, los ntawm USSR - 58 tus neeg, 40 leej yog tus neeg tiv thaiv ciam teb.
Lwm qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tub rog yog tsov rog hauv Afghanistan. Lub ciam teb sib cais USSR thiab Afghanistan tau ntev txog 1,500 km. Muaj kev tsov rog hauv lub tebchaws no. Tsim kom muaj nuj nqismuaj tsis txaus Soviet ciam teb ciam teb raws lub loj stretch ntawm lub frontier kab. Cov lej tau nce ntau heev.
Cov ncej ciam teb ntawm tsoomfwv Afghan raug rhuav tshem. Chaos kav lub tebchaws. Cov xwm txheej ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm cov tub luam yeeb tshuaj mus rau hauv thaj chaw Soviet tau dhau los ua ntau zaus. Rau nws kev tiv thaiv, lub xub ntiag ntawm ciam teb tiv thaiv los ntawm lwm sab yog tsim nyog. Qhov xwm txheej tau nyuaj ntxiv los ntawm qhov tseeb tias feem ntau ntawm cov chaw tawm tsam nyob hauv thaj chaw siab.
Tom qab cov tub rog Soviet nkag mus rau hauv Afghanistan, 2 kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ciam teb tau nyob ntawm no. Lawv coj lub ntsiab ntawm cov Mujahideen. Outposts tau nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 km ntawm ciam teb. Kev pabcuam hauv lawv cov kev tiv thaiv tau muab los ntawm cov tub rog tsis tu ncua. Thaum lub sij hawm tsis sib haum xeeb, uas kav ntev li 9 xyoo, ntau tshaj 62,000 tus tub ceev xwm ciam teb tau dhau los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov tub rog Soviet hauv Afghanistan.
