Cov tub rog Streltsy, tsim los ntawm cov hnub qub rov qab mus rau 1550, Ameslikas muaj peb txhiab tus neeg. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau muab sau ua ke rau hauv "kev txiav txim" ntawm 500 txhua thiab tsim tus kheej tus neeg saib xyuas ntawm Ivan the Terrible.
History of Creation
Lo lus Slavic thaum ub "sagittarius" txhais tau hais tias tus archer, uas yog lub ntsiab ntawm cov tub rog medieval. Tom qab ntawd hauv Russia lawv pib hu cov neeg sawv cev ntawm thawj pab tub rog li ntawd. Cov tub rog Streltsy hloov cov tub rog pishchalnik. Boyar cov me nyuam tau txib "kev txiav txim".
Streltsy tau nyob hauv thaj chaw nyob deb nroog. Lawv tau txais cov nyiaj hli ntawm 4 rubles ib xyoo. Maj mam, cov tub rog archery pib tsim ib tug mus tas li Moscow garrison.
Thawj kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws ua ib pab tub rog tsis tu ncua
Tam sim tom qab lawv tshwm sim, cov tub rog tua phom tau txais kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws. Sau cov tub rog hauv 1552 kom ntes Kazan, Ivan IVsuav nrog lub koom haum tshiab no hauv cov tub rog tsis tu ncua. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub siege thiab tom qab ua phem nyob rau hauv lub nroog no, archery tub rog ua lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb. Nws yog nws uas ua rau muaj kev vam meej ntawm kev sib tw kom kov yeej Kazan Khanate.
Tsar Ivan IV, tau qhuas nws cov neeg tua hneev, pib nce lawv tus lej sai sai. Thiab twb nyob rau hauv lub 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th muaj txog 8 txhiab ntawm lawv. Thiab thaum kawg ntawm lub 80s, twb nyob rau hauv lub reign ntawm cov qub txeeg qub tes ntawm Ivan IV, Fyodor Ioannovich, muaj ntau tshaj li 12 txhiab. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ntau tshaj li ib nrab - 7,000 streltsy - mus tas li nyob rau hauv Moscow, thiab tus so - nyob rau hauv lwm lub zos, qhov uas lawv nqa tawm tsuas yog garrison los yog tub ceev xwm kev pab cuam.
tub rog streltsy yog dab tsi
2000 Moscow archers yog qhov hu ua "stirrups", tiag tiag dragoons lossis mounted infantry. Nws yog nws uas tau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Moscow rati ntawm lig 16th thiab thaum ntxov 17th centuries. Yuav luag tsis muaj ib qho kev sib tw loj, suav nrog kev sib tw thaum lub xyoo ntawm Livonian Tsov Rog, thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm Moscow los ntawm Crimean Tatars, tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj lawv.
Txawm li cas los xij, rau tag nrho nws qhov tseem ceeb, chav tsev no yuav tsum tsis txhob kwv yees ntau dhau. Cov tub rog Streltsy tau tsim los tshem tawm lossis txawm hloov cov tub rog hauv zos. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tshwm sim. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias xws li ib pab tub rog yog ib tug heev formidable quab yuam. Txawm li cas los xij, riam phom nrog qeeb-firing squeakers (ib rab phom 8 kg matchlock, 22 mm caliber thiab ntau txog 200 m), cov archers muaj me ntsis kev vam meej. Lawv xav tau cover vimuas lawv tuaj yeem ntaus tus yeeb ncuab yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo raug tua thaum rov thauj lawv cov riam phom tiv thaiv.
Failures
Hauv Tebchaws Europe, qhov twg squeaks kuj tau txais kev pabcuam, pikemen tau dhau los ua lub npog rau cov neeg tua, tab sis nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab steppe lawv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Yog li ntawd, cov tub rog archery rau lub hom phiaj no siv lub ntuj folds ntawm struts, hav zoov thiab groves. nkaum tom qab lawv, ib tug tuaj yeem suav rau kev ua tiav cov yeeb ncuab tawm tsam. Qhov no tshwm sim, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 1555 nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm txoj hmoo, qhov twg cov tub rog archery, tau yeej los ntawm Krymchaks, nkaum nyob rau hauv cov ntoo qhib hav zoov thiab tiv thaiv kom txog rau thaum yav tsaus ntuj, mus txog rau thaum lub khan, ntshai los ntawm lub tuaj txog ntawm tshiab Lavxias teb sab rog, rov qab los.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm cov tub rog tua hneev thiab cov tub rog ib txwm
"Kev txiav txim" tau ua tiav ntau dua thaum kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tawm tsam ntawm fortresses. Tom qab tag nrho, lawv muaj sijhawm los npaj cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv tsim nyog - ncig xyuas, trenches lossis tyn. Yog li ntawd, historians paub tseeb tias, thaum tsim lub corps ntawm archers, Ivan lub txaus ntshai thiab nws cov kws pab tswv yim tau sim ua kom tiav cov European kev paub nyob rau hauv tsim infantry tsis tu ncua rau Lavxias teb sab reality. Lawv tsis tau ua qhov muag tsis pom kev "tshwj xeeb" cov tub rog ua tub rog, ua rau ob hom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tub rog, tab sis txwv lawv tus kheej rau ib leeg xwb, tab sis qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm Russia.
Kev tsim cov tub rog Streltsy tuaj yeem hu ua cov lus teb ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias xav txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov phom sij. Nwsyuav tsum tau ua raws li ib tug ntxiv rau lub zos cavalry, uas yog armed mas nrog pov thiab edged riam phom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog streltsy tseem tsis tuaj yeem coj qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv cov tub rog Lavxias niaj hnub. Rau qhov no, tsis tsuas yog riam phom thiab tactics yuav tsum tau ua txawv, tab sis kuj yog yeeb ncuab. Thiab kom txog rau thaum qhov no tshwm sim, xws li ib pab tub rog tseem tseem ceeb thiab tsim nyog, txawm tias ib qho me me ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias ntawm xyoo pua 16.
Qhov no tau ua pov thawj los ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm cov archers hauv nws. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puas xyoo, raws li ntau yam kev kwv yees, cov tub rog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog muaj li ntawm 75 mus rau 110 txhiab tus neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog archery suav txog 12,000 tus tub rog, thaum tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem koom nrog kev sib tw mus deb lossis kev sib tw. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov tub rog tshiab hauv tebchaws Russia twb tau ua lawm.
Strelets tub rog ntawm Peter
Peter cov tub rog ib txwm muaj, txhim kho raws li tus qauv German, tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo dua. Cov tub rog tau them nyiaj hli rau lawv txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev pabcuam yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov nom tswv. Kev nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm tau tshaj tawm rau cov neeg zoo tib yam.
Hauv cov tub rog Streltsy, cov tub rog tau muab cov av faib rau lawv txoj haujlwm. Lawv feem ntau nyob nrog lawv tsev neeg hauv Streletskaya Sloboda hauv ib lub zos sib cais. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tub rog ua haujlwm thaum tseb lossis sau qoob loo: cov archers tsis kam.
Cov tub rog ntawm "cov txheej txheem tshiab" tsim los ntawm Ivan the Terrible thiab Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ua cov theem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov tub rog tsis tu ncua. Tab sis thaum cov tub rogcoexisted nyob rau hauv parallel, lawv tsis tuaj yeem sawv cev ib pab tub rog. Warriors tsis tas li nyob rau hauv kev ua tub rog. Tsis tas li ntawd, txawm tias cov tub rog ntawm "txoj kev tshiab" tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev ua phem yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm thiab rov ua haujlwm dua, hauv qhov tseem ceeb, hu rau cov neeg tsis muaj kev kawm.
Tom qab kev sib tw Azov, Emperor Peter kuv tau ntseeg tias cov tub rog uas nws tau txais qub txeeg qub teg yog qhov tsis tsim nyog rau kev ua tub rog thiab kev nom kev tswv uas nws tau teem rau nws tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov kev hloov kho ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd yog ib tug radical reorganization ntawm tag nrho cov tub rog qauv nyob rau hauv lub xeev. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, nws yog kev tsim cov tub rog tsis tu ncua, uas yog raws li kev nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm thiab nws txawv kiag li ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim cov tub rog streltsy.
Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, cov pishchalniks ntawm Vasily III thiab cov archers ntawm Ivan IV tau taug kev ncaj nraim mus rau cov tub rog cov tub rog ntawm cov nom tswv Mikhail Fedorovich thiab Alexei Mikhailovich. Thiab twb los ntawm lawv - ncaj qha mus rau Petrovsky fuselers.
Tam sim tom qab kev tawm tsam xyoo 1699, Peter the Great tau hais kom tshem tawm cov tub rog tawm tsam, tawm hauv qee qhov mus ua haujlwm rau sab nrauv ntawm Russia.
