Leej twg nrhiav tau penicillin? Keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm penicillin

Cov txheej txheem:

Leej twg nrhiav tau penicillin? Keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm penicillin
Leej twg nrhiav tau penicillin? Keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm penicillin
Anonim

Yog tias koj nug ib tus neeg kawm paub txog leej twg nrhiav pom penicillin, ces teb koj tuaj yeem hnov lub npe Fleming. Tab sis yog tias koj saib mus rau hauv Soviet encyclopedias luam tawm ua ntej tsib caug xyoo dhau los, koj yuav tsis pom lub npe no nyob ntawd. Hloov chaw ntawm British microbiologist, qhov tseeb yog hais tias cov kws kho mob Lavxias teb sab Polotebnov thiab Manassein yog thawj zaug uas yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov nyhuv ntawm pwm. Nws yog qhov tseeb, nws yog cov kws tshawb fawb no, rov qab rau xyoo 1871, pom tias Penicillium glaucum nceb inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm ntau cov kab mob. Yog li leej twg nrhiav tau penicillin tiag tiag?

leej twg nrhiav tau penicillin
leej twg nrhiav tau penicillin

Fleming

Tseeb, lo lus nug ntawm leej twg thiab nrhiav tau penicillin li cas yuav tsum tau kawm kom ntxaws ntxiv. Ua ntej Fleming, thiab txawm ua ntej cov kws kho mob Lavxias no, Paracelsus thiab Avicenna paub txog cov khoom ntawm penicillin. Tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem cais cov khoom uas muab cov pwm kho lub zog. Tsuas yog microbiologist ntawm St. Mary, uas yog, Fleming. Thiab antibacterialTus kws tshawb fawb tau sim cov khoom ntawm cov khoom tshawb pom ntawm nws tus pab cuam, uas poob mob nrog sinusitis. Tus kws kho mob tau txhaj tshuaj me me ntawm penicillin rau hauv maxillary kab noj hniav, thiab twb tau peb teev tom qab tus neeg mob tus mob tau zoo tuaj. Yog li, Fleming nrhiav pom penicillin, uas nws tshaj tawm rau lub Cuaj Hlis 13, 1929 hauv nws daim ntawv tshaj tawm. Hnub no suav tias yog hnub yug ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tab sis lawv pib siv tom qab.

Kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv

Leej twg nrhiav tau penicillin, tus nyeem twb paub lawm, tab sis nws tsim nyog sau cia tias nws tsis tuaj yeem siv lub cuab yeej - nws yuav tsum tau ntxuav. Thaum lub sij hawm purification txheej txheem, cov mis los ua unstable, cov khoom poob nws cov khoom sai heev. Thiab tsuas yog xyoo 1938, ib pab pawg kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Oxford University tau daws txoj haujlwm no. Alexander Fleming zoo siab heev.

Fleming nrhiav pom penicillin
Fleming nrhiav pom penicillin

Tab sis ntawm no yog ib qho teeb meem tshiab tshwm sim ua ntej cov pundits: cov pwm loj hlob qeeb heev, yog li Alexander txiav txim siab sim lwm yam ntawm nws, nrhiav tau raws li cov penicillase enzyme, ib yam khoom uas yuav neutralize penicillin tsim los ntawm cov kab mob.

US vs England

Tus uas nrhiav pom penicillin tsis tuaj yeem pib tsim cov tshuaj ntau hauv nws lub tebchaws. Tab sis nws cov pab, Flory thiab Heatley, tau tsiv mus rau Tebchaws Meskas xyoo 1941. Nyob ntawd lawv tau txais kev txhawb nqa thiab kev pab nyiaj pub dawb, tab sis txoj haujlwm nws tus kheej raug cais nruj me ntsis.

Kev vam meej ntawm cov tshuaj tshiab tau ua rau muaj kev txaus siab rau Askiv. Lawv sim yuav cov thev naus laus zis, tab sis cov neeg Amelikas tau thov kom muaj nyiaj ntau heev. Thiab tom qab ntawd hauv Ntiaj Teb Qub lawv nco qabFleming ua tus nrhiav tau ib yam txuj ci tseem ceeb. Cov neeg sau xov xwm txawm tsim cov lus dab neeg ntawm "Moldy Mary" los ua pov thawj tias cov neeg Askiv tsuas yog raug nyiag ntawm lawv lub tswv yim. Thiab Asmeskas raug yuam kom muab cov cuab yeej zais cia. Fleming nws tus kheej tau txais qhov khoom plig Nobel rau nws qhov kev pab cuam loj rau cov tshuaj thiab kev tshawb pom ntawm penicillin, tab sis nws tus kheej tsis xav txog nws tus kheej ntawm kev tshawb fawb, vim nws "tsuas yog mloog rau lub txiaj ntsim ntawm xwm."

uas nrhiav tau penicillin hauv ussr
uas nrhiav tau penicillin hauv ussr

Penicillin hauv USSR

Txhua phau ntawv biology tham txog qhov Alexander Fleming nrhiav pom penicillin. Tab sis tsis muaj qhov twg koj yuav nyeem txog yuav ua li cas cov tshuaj pib tsim nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union. Muaj tseeb, muaj cov lus dab neeg hais tias cov tshuaj xav tau los kho General Vatutin, tab sis Stalin txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav master ntau lawm sai li sai tau, nws tau txiav txim siab mus yuav technology. Lawv txawm xa ib tug delegation mus rau US Embassy. Cov neeg Amelikas tau pom zoo, tab sis thaum sib tham lawv tau tsa tus nqi peb zaug thiab kwv yees lawv cov kev paub ntawm peb caug lab daus las.

Tsis kam, USSR tau ua li cov neeg Askiv tau ua: tau pib lub os uas tus kws kho mob hauv tsev Zinaida Yermolyeva tsim crustozin. Cov tshuaj no yog ib qho kev txhim kho analogue ntawm penicillin, uas tau nyiag los ntawm cov neeg soj xyuas peev. Nws yog ib qho lus tseeb ntawm cov dej ntshiab, tab sis tus poj niam tiag tiag teeb tsa cov tshuaj hauv nws lub teb chaws, txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov zoo tau dhau los ua phem dua. Yog li ntawd, cov tub ceev xwm tau mus rau qhov ua kom yuam kev: lawv yuav qhov zais cia los ntawm Ernst Cheyne (ib tug ntawm Fleming tus pab) thiab pib tsim cov tshuaj penicillin ib yam li Asmeskas, thiab lawv tau ntxeev siab rau crustosin.oblivion. Yog li, raws li nws hloov tawm, tsis muaj lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm leej twg nrhiav tau penicillin hauv USSR.

nrhiav tau penicillin li cas
nrhiav tau penicillin li cas

Kev nyuaj siab

Lub zog ntawm penicillin, uas tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kev kho mob lub sijhawm, tau dhau los ua tsis muaj zog. Raws li nws muab tawm, dhau sijhawm, cov kab mob uas ua rau cov kab mob ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob no. Tsis txhob xav txog lwm txoj kev daws teeb meem, cov kws tshawb fawb tau pib tsim lwm yam tshuaj tua kab mob. Tab sis cov microbes tsis tau dag rau hnub no.

Tsis ntev tas los no, WHO tshaj tawm tias Fleming tau ceeb toom txog kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntau dhau, uas tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tseeb tias cov tshuaj yuav tsis tuaj yeem pab cov kab mob yooj yim, vim lawv yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ntxiv lawm. ua mob microbes. Thiab nrhiav kev daws teeb meem rau qhov teeb meem no twb yog txoj hauj lwm ntawm lwm tiam neeg ntawm cov kws kho mob. Thiab koj yuav tsum nrhiav tam sim no.

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