Qhov xaus -ed ua lus Askiv tso cai rau koj coj kev sib txuas lus rau lub sijhawm tshiab - yav dhau los thiab zoo meej. Kawm nyob rau theem pib. Kev siv qhov xaus no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus los yog kos duab ntawm cov ntawv nyeem. Tsis quav ntsej txoj cai ua rau muaj kev ua txhaum cai hauv kev tsim kho ntawm tag nrho cov ntawv nyeem. Nws zoo li hauv Lavxias peb hais tias: "Kuv los tsev", "Kuv noj ua ntej ua haujlwm." Qhov ntawd yog, peb tsuas yog siv ib daim ntawv ntawm cov lus qhia - lub infinitive - thiab nws zoo nkaus li txaus ntshai thiab nyuaj rau nyeem. Cov kev cai rau qhov xaus -ed hauv lus Askiv tsim ib qho kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev sau ntawv raug thiab hais tawm. Cia peb xav txog lawv nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, pib nrog kev tsim kho.
Kev sau ntawv
Thaum sau ntawv, qhov xaus -ed tsuas yog ntxiv rau lo lus. Piv txwv li: tham - tham, qhib - qhib, kaw - kaw.
Muaj ntau qhov kev zam rau kev sau ntawv:
- Thaum cov lus qhia xaus nrog -e, tsuas yog -d ntxiv. Piv txwv li: pom zoo - pom zoo, luag - luag ntxhi, cawm - cawm.
- Yog lo lus xaus hauv -y ua ntej los ntawm tus lej, ces -yyog hloov los ntawm -i thiab qhov kawg -ed yog ntxiv. Piv txwv li: sib yuav - sib yuav, quaj - quaj, sim - sim.
- Yog tias qhov kawg yog tus lej ua ntej los ntawm tus lej nyuaj, tus lej kawg yog ob npaug. Piv txwv li: nres - nres, poob - poob, rob - robbed.
hais lus
Ib qho yuam kev tseem ceeb yog kev hais lus. Ntau tus neeg hais qhov -ed xaus li [ed], uas tsis yog. Qhov kev xaiv raug yog [id], [t] lossis [d], nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej.
Piv txwv li, siv rooj plaub nrog lub suab [id]: caw [invaitid], mus ntsib [visitid]. Siv tsuas yog tom qab suab [t] lossis [d].
Hais lus nrog suab [t] yog siv tom qab lub suab tsis muaj suab (tshwj tsis yog [t]). Piv txwv li: pab [pab], nyiam [laikt].
Lub suab [d] yog hais tom qab lub suab consonants (tshwj tsis yog [d]) los yog vowels. Piv txwv li: hlub [lʌvd], hu ua [kɔːld].
Kev tsis quav ntsej cov cai hais lus no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub ntsiab lus, thiab nws yuav nyuaj rau tus neeg sib tham kom nkag siab koj. Yog li ntawd nws yog qhov zoo dua los nyeem cov cai no thiab txhim kho tus cwj pwm ntawm kev soj ntsuam lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, koj tsis tas yuav muffle qhov xaus, uas yuav tsum tau voiced. Nws yuav siv sij hawm xyaum. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los sim hais cov lus maj mam, suab los ntawm lub suab, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd koj yuav tuaj yeem tsim cov lus kom raug.
Cov lus qhia tsis tu ncua thiab tsis xwm yeem
Daim ntawv tseem ceeb heev: muaj cov lus qhia tsis tu ncua thiab tsis xwm yeem. Peb tau txiav txim siab qhov tseeb hauv cov piv txwv yav dhau los. Hauv kev kawmyav dhau los tense lossis passive lub suab, raws li txoj cai, qhov kawg -ed yog ntxiv rau cov lus qhia no.
Tib lub sijhawm, cov lus qhia tsis tu ncua muaj tib daim ntawv thib ob thiab thib peb. Ntawd yog, thaum siv cov tenses ntawm pawg Perfect, peb muab cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thib peb thiab, txij li ob daim ntawv coincide, peb sau nws nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev. Piv txwv li, cia peb siv cov lus qhia nyob (kom muaj sia nyob) thiab sau tag nrho peb daim ntawv:
- live;
- lived;
- lived.
Qhov xwm txheej nyuaj dua nrog cov lus qhia tsis xwm yeem. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej daim ntawv thib ob thiab thib peb. Tej zaum lawv yuav los sis tsis sib xws. Piv txwv li, coj cov lus qhia tsim (build):
- build;
- built;
- built.
Los yog lwm qhov piv txwv - qhov kev qhia ua txhaum (kom tawg):
- break;
- broke;
- tawg.
Tsis muaj txoj cai los tsim cov lus qhia tsis raug, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum nco ntsoov lawv. Rau rooj plaub no, muaj cov lus tshwj xeeb ntawm cov lus qhia tsis raug.
Siv
Daim ntawv qhia txog qhov xaus -ed yog siv hauv daim ntawv lees paub Past Simple (yav dhau los yooj yim), uas yog, thaum nws tsim nyog hais txog cov xwm txheej yav dhau los (noj, pw, ua, thiab lwm yam). Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, cov lus qhia tau muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv thib ob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov xaus -ed tsis siv rau qhov tsis zoo lossis cov lus nug, vim tias muaj cov lus qhia pabcuam tau ua, uas txhais tau hais tias cov lus qhia tseem ceeb tsis hloov.
Piv txwv li, daim ntawv lees paub yav dhau los Yooj Yim: Kuv ua si ncaws pob nag hmo. - Kuv ua si football nag hmo.
daim ntawv tsis zoo:nag hmo kuv tsis ua si football. - Kuv tsis tau ncaws pob nag hmo.
Daim ntawv nug: Koj puas tau ncaws pob nag hmo? - Koj puas tau ncaws pob nag hmo?
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov xaus -ed yog siv hauv Passive Voice (passive voice), uas yog, thaum peb xav tau los hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom lossis kev ua ntawm ib qho khoom. Piv txwv li: Lub TV tau muag (Lub TV tau muag). Peb hais txog cov khoom ntawm TV (nws yog muag).
Txhua cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Perfect tense yuav tsum siv daim ntawv thib peb ntawm cov lus qhia. Hauv peb qhov xwm txheej, peb tab tom txiav txim siab cov lus qhia tsis tu ncua, uas txhais tau tias daim ntawv thib peb yuav zoo ib yam rau qhov thib ob.
Piv txwv li, siv qhov Zoo Tshaj Plaws Tam Sim No: Peb tau txiav txim siab mus tsev - Peb txiav txim siab mus tsev.
