Lub suab lus Askiv yog ib lub ntsiab lus yooj yooj yim rau tus tswv yog txoj hauv kev ntawm kev tsim cov kev koom tes thib ob tau kawm zoo ua ntej ntawd, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov lus ntawm cov lus tsis sib xws.
Lub suab yog dab tsi?
Hauv lus Askiv, nws yog siv heev, yog li kev nkag siab nws cov ntsiab lus yog thawj qhov pib. Muab ob kab lus: "Nws hais", "Lawv tham txog nws." Hauv qhov thib ob, nws tsis yog qhov khoom nws tus kheej ua qhov kev txiav txim, tab sis qhov kev txiav txim yog ua rau nws. Lub suab passive kuj hu ua lub suab passive. "Kev hnav khaub ncaws tau sewn", "Tus neeg ua txhaum raug coj mus rau hauv tus neeg saib xyuas", "Kas fes yuav raug coj mus rau hauv chav" - txhua qhov chaw uas cov neeg kawm ua lub luag haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg, yog qhov khoom ntawm ib tus neeg ua. Hauv qhov no, nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog los qhia qhov chaw ntawm qhov kev txiav txim. Tus neeg ua txhaum cai raug coj mus rau hauv kev saib xyuas los ntawm ib tus neeg tshwj xeeb lossis tsis yog - qhov no tsis tseem ceeb. Los ntawm kev tsim cov kab lus, nws pom tseeb tias muaj qhov tshwm sim, tab sis nws yog qhov thib ob.
Passive voice: sau ntawv
Cov qauv sau ntawv ntawm lub suab lus Askiv yog qhov yooj yim heev, thiab txhua daim ntawv tuaj yeem raug txo rau hauv qab noqauv:
subject + auxiliary verb to be or to have in the tsim nyog form + ob participle
Tsis yog txhua lo lus siv tau hauv lub suab tsis muaj zog. Muab ob lo lus qhia: taug kev (mus ncig) thiab sau (sau). Qhov kev qhia thib ob tuaj yeem muaj qhov khoom uas nws ua haujlwm (los sau dab tsi? - tsab ntawv, phau ntawv, sau ntawv), tab sis thawj qhov lus qhia tsis tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom zoo li no. Cov khoom no hu ua direct complement. Thiab cov lus qhia uas tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom zoo li no hu ua transitive. Raws li koj twb tau nkag siab lawm, tsuas yog cov lus qhia hloov pauv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv lub suab passive.
Lub suab lus Askiv tsuas muaj yim hom lus xwb. Peb zaug - yav tom ntej, tam sim no thiab yav dhau los, ntxiv rau peb lub xeev ntawm lub sijhawm - yooj yim, ntev thiab ua tiav. Nws yuav zoo li yuav tsum muaj cuaj hom ntawm lub suab passive, tab sis lub neej yav tom ntej tsis yog siv lub suab passive ntev.
Los ntawm kev kawm cov ncauj lus no, koj yuav txaus siab tias cov lus Askiv yooj yim thiab muaj tseeb li cas. Lub suab passive, lub rooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau muab hauv qab no, yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem grammatical coherent. Coj los ntawm lub rooj, koj tuaj yeem ua cov kab lus zoo. Txawm hais tias lub ntsiab lus no yog qhov nyuaj heev (nws suav hais tias yog nyob rau theem nrab), nws feem ntau tsis ua teeb meem ntau rau cov tub ntxhais kawm.
| Real | |||
| Yam yooj yim | am/is/are +ua/hu ua | was/were + build/hued | yuav + yuav + ua / hu |
| am/is/are + ua + tsim / hu | was/were + being + build/called | - | |
| have/has + been + built/called | had + tau + tsim / hu | yuav + muaj + tau + tsim / hu |
Tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau lub suab passive nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej nyob rau hauv lub dhau los tense.
txhais lub suab passive
Hauv lus Askiv, yog tias koj tsis nco qab txog Lavxias thiab tam sim ntawd nkag siab lub ntsiab lus, txhua yam yooj yim heev. Ntawm no yog ib qho khoom, ntawm no yog qhov ua, ntawm no yog ib lub rooj yooj yim nrog peb kab thiab peb kab. Tab sis nyob rau hauv peb cov lus, lub suab passive yog grammatically paub ntau richer thiab complex. Yog li ntawd, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los txhais cov kab lus Askiv tib yam.
1. Nrog kev pab ntawm verb "ua" thiab participle. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau yav dhau los lossis yav tom ntej tense. Raws li koj paub, nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab verb "ua" nyob rau hauv tam sim no tense (daim ntawv "yog") yog siv heev tsawg.
- Lub tsev tau tsim nyob rau xyoo tas los no. - Cov tsev tau tsim nyob rau xyoo tas los no.
- Puas yuav xa tag kis. - Cov pob yuav raug xa mus tag kis.
2. Reflexive verbs (nrog qhov xaus -sya). Txoj kev no yooj yim rau lub sijhawm tam sim no.
Cov ntawv xa tuaj ntawm 7 txhua hnub. - Cov ntawv xa tuaj txhua hnub thaum xya teev
3. Kev tsim kho tus kheej tsis tas li. Cov lus qhia hauv qhov no yog plural. Haum rau txhua lub sijhawm, tab sis tsuas yog siv thaum qhov khoom ua haujlwm tsis tau teev tseg.
- Lub tsev tau tsim nyob rau xyoo tas los no. - Cov tsev tau tsim nyob rau xyoo tas los no.
- Cov ntawv xa tuaj ntawm 7 txhua hnub. - Cov ntawv xa tuaj txhua hnub thaum xya teev.
- Kuv lub tshuab txiav nyom twb kho lawm. - Kuv lub tshuab txiav nyom twb tau kho lawm.
- Cov chaw haujlwm no tau raug ntxuav tam sim no. - Cov chaw ua haujlwm tau raug ntxuav tam sim no.
- Puas yuav xa tag kis. - parcel yuav xa tag kis sawv ntxov.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub lub suab nrawm nrawm? Cov lus Askiv, uas cov kev tawm dag zog tau nthuav tawm ntau hauv cov phau ntawv niaj hnub no, yog qhov yooj yim heev rau kev kawm, yog tias tsuas yog vim koj tsis txwv los ntawm dab tsi. Ntawm koj qhov kev pabcuam yog lub hauv paus loj heev uas tso cai rau koj los tsim kom tau cov lus tau txais txiaj ntsig rau tus neeg uas yuav luag txhua yam thiab xav tau. Xav txog tias koj tab tom kawm hom lus tsawg dua li Korean lossis Spanish. Yuav tsis muaj dab tsi tshwj xeeb los xaiv, thiab ntau txoj hauv kev koj yuav tsum muaj kev ywj pheej, uas yog fraught nrog kev txav "nyob rau hauv qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm" thiab "tsis ncaj ncees lawm". Ntawm no, txhua yam koj xav tau yog kev ua siab ntev. Khaws ib daim ntawv teev lus ntawm lub suab lus nrog koj thiab sim txhais txhua yam uas ua rau koj lub qhov muag, los ntawm cov kab lus hauv koj phau ntawv mus rau koj qhov kev xav.
